Schools In Poland Research Articles

Ukraińskie instytucje oświatowe w Białym Borze – studium przypadku

Ukrainian Education Institutions in Biały Bór – Case Study The article discusses the policy of the Polish government towards minority schools using the example of Ukrainian primary school and secondary school of general education in Biały Bor with special focus on the school year 2020/2021. Schools, including all the minority schools in Poland, were put in a difficult situation because, according to the recent decisions, mother tongue education for the children of emigrants from Ukraine would not be financed by the Polish State. However, under the Polish Constitution, Poland shall ensure access to education for foreigners on equal terms with Polish nationals. Final decisions have not been made yet, but the issue of the incorrectly calculated subsidy repayment does not put the Polish State in a favourable light.

Critiquing the use of children’s voice as a means of forging the community in a Polish democratic school

ABSTRACT The paper examines school meetings held in a small democratic school in Poland in order to explore how school communities are formed. Drawing on Foucault’s concept of power, the authors analyse fieldnotes and interview excerpts to reveal how voice and scripted bodily expressions accompanying verbal utterances are privileged in these school meetings to forge a community. Rather than being merely a space where students can act as empowered participants in democratic school governance, the school meetings are also argued to reduce the modalities of participation to voice and embodied forms of action and attention. Voiced participation is thereby instrumentalised to construct a democratic community with its dynamics of inclusions and exclusions. The paper concludes by pointing to reflexive engagements with utilising voice in democratic communities.

Parental choice, collective identity and neoliberalism in alternative education: new free democratic schools in Poland

The article analyses a new educational development in Poland, that is, free democratic schools, which are grassroots initiatives of parents seeking an alternative to the traditional pedagogies of the public schooling. These schools form a broader network. Based on ethnographic research carried out at eight such schools over five years, the authors discuss the formation of schools, parents’ motivations, collective identity constructions, and internal tensions of inclusion and belonging. Regarding the potential impact of the schools on a broader educational sphere, the authors argue that the alternative schooling as an option for parental choice parallel to the expansion of neoliberal policies and new inequalities creates tensions between the notions of democracy and the consumer logic. However, as observed practices suggest, democratic school communities face internal political dynamics intertwined with societal issues and may seek involvement outside their circles. While these communities are constantly being reformulated, the question of exit and voice becomes their permanent feature.

An embedded human rights logic? A comparative study of International Baccalaureate schools in different contexts

This article presents findings from a study that investigated how the global logic of human rights, as incorporated by the International Baccalaureate schools into their policies and practices, is experienced and adhered to by students who are following the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) in different contexts. In this study, the cases for comparison were a private school in Norway and a state-funded school in Poland. Although selected for their differences, they offered functional equivalence in the standardized diploma program. The study used a multiple-methods approach, including both quantitative and qualitative data. Findings reveal significant differences between students’ levels of adherence to human rights logic. Reasons for this difference point both to logic hybridity within the school organization and a diverse school learning community.

Jagiellonianism in Poland and Ukraine as a factor of university education and a cultural and historical phenomenon

The relevance of the research topic consists in the necessity of a comprehensive study of the educational and scientific activities of the departments of musicology of Krakow and Lviv universities during the first half of the twentieth century in the context of coverage of the interaction experience between Ukrainian and foreign higher education institutions so to determine in such way the features and values of the Ukrainian music science in the European scientific and educational space. The purpose of the research is to discover and to analyze the creative activity of the departments of musicology at the Krakow and Lviv Universities in the context of Jagellonism through the consideration of the principles of European musical academic education since the establishment of these institutions in 1911-1912 and till the beginning of the XXI century. The scientific novelty of the research consists in finding out the leading role of Z. Jachimecky and A. Chybi?ski in the formation and development of national musicological schools in Poland and Ukraine as inheritors of the cultural genetic code of Jagiellonism. That cultural genetic code consisted of special attention to the inter-Slavic relations within the Western-Eastern cultural heritage.

Kształcenie prawników w szkołach doktorskich – zarys problematyki i postulaty badawcze

In the paper, we deal with the issue of education of lawyers in doctoral schools in Poland. We describe the basic solutions adopted by the Constitution for Science regarding doctoral students. Based on socio-legal theory of the neutralisation of values in the law, we point out a few basic the categories of problems resulting from the regulations and the implementation of the act. They are: a vision of a doctoral candidate, a vision of a graduate, internationalization, interdisciplinarity, structure of doctoral schools and financing of doctoral education. The article is exploratory in nature, so its primary purpose is recognising and drawing attention to the problems and research questions that should be studied in further research.

Wolfenbüttel

Wolfenbüttel

The Assessment of Attitudes of Students at Medical Schools towards Psychiatry and Psychiatric Patients-A Cross-Sectional Online Survey.

The aim of the study was the assessment of the level of stigmatisation of psychiatric patients and psychiatry as a field of study by students at medical schools in Poland and the comparison of students’ attitudes over the years. The study was conducted based on a proprietary questionnaire assessing the stage of tertiary education, sociodemographic status, and MICA-2 psychometric tool that is used for assessing both the attitudes of students at medical schools towards psychiatry as a field of study and patients with mental health disorders. According to the MICA score, those who have higher scores have more negative attitudes towards psychiatry. The survey consisted of two rounds at an interval of 3 years. Results. The first-round survey, conducted in 2017, involved 480 students. The second-round survey, conducted in 2020, involved 573 students. In both cases, women constituted the vast majority of respondents. Women, as well as medical major students, achieved significantly lower scores than men p < 0.001. The said relationship was also observed for individual experience with mental illness. There was no correlation between the MICA-2 total score and the psychiatry course completion—p = 0.105. However, the levels of stigmatisation are still high. The implementation of educational methods to improve the perception of psychiatric patients by students at medical schools should be taken into consideration. An increase in direct student–patient contact, for example, by means of intensive elective classes, could be beneficial.

Practice of Implementation of Health Education in Schools of the Republic of Poland

The article substantiates the urgency of the problem of health promotion through education and upbringing. The increased attention of scientists to the problems of the theory and practice of health pedagogy is revealed, the vectors of scientific researches in this sphere are determined. The need to use the positive elements of the experience of foreign countries in the theory and practice of domestic health education is emphasized. The purpose of the article is to highlight the content and some forms of implementation of health-oriented educational programs in the educational process of schools in the Republic of Poland. The research methods were aimed at describing the legislative basis of health care activities in Polish schools; analyzed a number of legislative documents of the Republic of Poland on health of children and youth – “National Health Program” (1990), the Law “On Education” (1991), the Law “On Physical Culture” (1996), the Law “On Reform Education System” (1999), Order of the Minister of National Education “On the Basic Curriculum of Preschool and General Education” (2008). The most important strategies and tactics of this process in this country are highlighted. A variety of methodological approaches have been used to provide the most objective and holistic view of the research problem. The analysis of health-preserving activity of 10 schools of the Republic of Poland is carried out: kindergarten-schools № 7 of Krakow, state primary school named after St. Kinga in Zhegochyn, state primary school № 11 named after Lviv Eagles in Opole, association of schools with integration departments (primary school № 13 and gymnasium № 3) in Myslowice, association of schools № 2 named after John Paul II in the village of Nazzym, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, primary school № 10 in Tarnowskie Gory, primary school in Nivka, primary school № 42 named after Stanisław Staszyc in Łód, primary school № 23 named after John Paul II in Rzeszów, primary school № 20 in Katowice. The diversity of health-oriented educational influences has been revealed. The author presents the content and forms of implementation of the following programs in schools: “My child goes to school”, “A glass of milk”, “Keep fit”, the National AIDS Program and HIV prevention, “Clean air around us”, “Fruit and vegetables at school”, “Healthy eating and physical activity in schools”, “Don't fall for me, please”. The author offers prospects for further research - a comparison of practical and methodological aspects of solving the problem of health of a growing individual in secondary schools in Poland and Ukraine.

Demographic analysis of difficulties related to remote education in Poland from the perspective of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic all schools in Poland were closed and obliged to conduct lessons remotely. The aim of the study is to present the demographic analysis of difficulties with remote learning, as perceived by students during coronavirus pandemic in Poland. In April 2020, a nationwide online survey was conducted among adolescents aged 11-18 (N=2408). Quantitative and qualitative data were used. Teenagers were asked about the problems connected with remote learning. In order to examine the overall level of remote learning difficulties, a scale of remote learning difficulties (RLD) was devised (range 0-23 points). Differences connected with gender, age and place of residence were analysed. More than a half of the teenagers surveyed rated the increased demands from teachers as a major problem. This answer appeared statistically more often among girls than boys (59.6% v. 53.2%). Almost every third adolescent saw the lack of consultation (31.6%) as a significant problem. Difficulties related to learning in the remote system were most often described as considerable by the oldest students (17-18-years-old) and those living in rural areas. The big problem for them was usually much higher requirements of teachers and poor organization of distance learning. The mean level on the scale of remote learning burden was M=11.9 (SD=7.1). Technical difficulties and insufficient skills in using software constituted additional problems most frequently mentioned by students. There is a need to pay particular attention to organizing appropriate technical conditions for remote learning, especially in rural areas, where students have complained more often than in cities about equipment and problems with access to the Internet during the pandemic.

Availability of psychological support for medical students in Poland.

Medical students suffer from a considerable level of stress, which can result in the deterioration of their mental health, including depression or suicidal ideation. They are afraid to seek help due to stigmatization and environmental ostracism. The goal of the study is to analyze the psychological support and stress management programs for students supported by medical schools in Poland. The authors sent out e-mails with 9 questions regarding the issue being analyzed to all 19 medical schools in Poland. They obtained answers from 15 such schools, which corresponds to a response rate of 79%. The study was conducted in 2018-2019, before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Due to the lack of central regulations, support is provided by medical schools individually. Those solutions focus on short-term, temporary therapy. If a longer therapy is needed, students are redirected to external health providers. Moreover, information about the support is not transferred by student-friendly communication channels. Support should be flexible, and it should quickly adapt to the emerging trends and consider students' feedback. A future model of psychological support could be a center organized as a transfer point between a university problem-solving facility and external health providers, concentrating on short-term activity. Quick support would eliminate potential complications and more serious mental problems. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2021;34(1):87-99.

The Relationship Between State Self-Objectification and Body Image in Mid-Adolescence: A Mediative Role of Self-Esteem

This paper investigates the impact of state self-objectification on body image and tests the role of self-esteem in this relationship. The study group consisted of 136 adolescents from a junior high school in Poland, aged 14 to 16 years: 65 boys (Mage = 15; SD = 0.79) and 71 girls (Mage = 14.93; SD = 0.82). Both age groups were relatively homogeneous in terms of demography and BMI. The study consisted of three phases. First, the participants completed demographic measures assessing demographic variables, body image, and self-esteem. The second phase was conducted one week later to induce a temporary state of self-objectification by means of a magnifying mirror. The third phase followed a ten-minute experimental exposure by filling in the Self-Objectification State Questionnaire. A mediation analysis was performed separately in both adolescent groups, according to the approach proposed by Hayes and Preacher (2014). Self-esteem mediated significantly the relationship between state self-objectification and body image. In the group of girls the mediation model produced a complete effect, whereas in the group of boys the mediation effect was partial.

Prevalence and quality of life of facial acne: a cross-sectional study in high school students in Poland.

Acne is a frequent chronic inflammatory disease, which affects most commonly adolescents. It might have a negative effect on patients' well-being. To appraise the prevalence of facial acne among adolescents and to assess how acne of different clinical severity influences quality of life in this age group. This cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative sample of individuals aged 15-19 years in high schools in Poland. A total of 730 students were included in the final analysis. Standardized photographs according to the Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) were used for self-assessment of both the presence and severity of facial acne. The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was employed to evaluate subjects' quality of life (QoL) impairment. Facial acne was found in 547 (74.9%) respondents with no significant difference in acne prevalence among females (75.1%) and males (74.6%). The vast majority of acne individuals (90.9%) suffered from minimal and mild acne, moderate acne was reported by 7.3% and severe one by 1.8% of acne students. Acne had a small effect on QoL (DLQI mean score of 2.8 ±3.6 points); females had significantly more decreased QoL than males (3.17 ±3.74 and 1.76 ±2.69 points, respectively). QoL impairment positively correlated with the clinical severity of facial acne. Facial acne is a common health problem in adolescents. Although it is not very severe in the majority of subjects it significantly decreases their QoL. Therefore, acne should be treated as a serious skin condition requiring a holistic approach to the patients.

The impact of COVID-19 on education in Poland: Challenges related to distance learning

The spread of COVID-19 all over the world triggered major changes in the organization of the education in many countries. Governments have adopted various solutions to reduce the disruption caused to education. This article, which is based on survey research (N=246) conducted among teachers in various types of schools in Poland, provides an analysis of the solutions in the field of distance learning and the organization of learning process during lockdown. The results show that teachers encountered a number of difficulties in distance learning. They concerned, among others: lack of access among certain students to computers, insufficient competences of teachers to teach remotely, work organization, and the fact that students were bored with this learning form. The advantages included, among others: increasing digital competences and developing new forms of assessing students’ knowledge.

Formative Assessment in Business and Entrepreneurship Education in Poland

This study aims to investigate the overall process of implementing formative assessment and teaching practices in business schools in Poland. Formative assessment shows how useful and impactful is engaging students in the process of acquiring knowledge, solving teamwork business case studies, dealing with simulated business decisions instead of taking and passing final exams. Students majoring in business in Polish universities need to rely on multiple feedback information from formative assessment to evaluate their knowledge performance and improve their practical business and social skills. Group interaction and communication are also essential channels for them to self-assess and peer-assess, to take advantage of own strengths and to overcome own weaknesses. The study employed questionnaire survey, in-depth interviews and observations as the research methods. The results of this study showed that students majoring in business in post-communist states like Poland, compared to students in Western countries, need to be involved more in formative assessment practices which help them to shift away from traditional process of acquiring knowledge to focus rather on acquiring real-life business skills and capacities.

Музична освіта у школі в Польщі в порівнянні з європейськими і світовими парадигмами та практиками

УДК [37. 018. 54 : 78 (438)] : - 042.2 : [(015) : (4)] : [165. 173 : (076. 5)] https://doi.org/10.32405/2308-8885-2021-1(99)-6-9 У статті розглядаються питання, що стосуються сучасної освіти. Використовуючи провідні педагогічні парадигми, що переважають у всьому світі, а також освітні практики, запроваджені в різних країнах, автор здійснює аналіз умов, що вплинули на стан загальної музичної освіти в Польщі. Піднімаються проблеми ширшого контексту викликів і потреб нинішньої системи освіти та змін, запроваджених останньою польською освітньою реформою 2016 року. &nbsp;У підсумку в статті запропоновано зміни в універсальній музичній освіті, включаючи відхід від розгалуженої, збалансованої системи викладання на користь вибору селективних специфічних форм та змісту або посилення зв'язків освіти із сучасною культурою. Основний меседж статті – це &nbsp;дисертація, в якій розглядаються сприятливі зміни, що можуть поглибити трансформацію перетворень у музичній освіті, системі підготовки вчителів у музичній освіті з метою глибокого удосконалення всієї системи навчання, переходу від централізованого управління до демократичного управління школами та індивідуалізації освіти. Ключові слова: музична освіта, освіта в усьому світі, освіта в Польщі, освітні реформи, педагогічні парадигми. &nbsp; Mirosław Grusiewicz, Dr hab., Professor, Department of Pedagogy of Culture, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland; m.grusiewicz@umcs.pl; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1717-2445 &nbsp; Music education at school in Poland as compared to European and global assumptions and practices &nbsp; The paper addresses issues related to contemporary education. Using the leading pedagogical paradigms prevailing worldwide, as well as educational practices implemented in different countries as his background, the author analyzes the condition of universal music education in Poland. The problems are put in a broader context of challenges and needs of the current education system and changes introduced by the last Polish educational reform of 2016. The paper ends with proposed changes in the universal music education, including departure from extensive, balanced teaching system to the benefit of selecting specific forms and content, or stronger links of education with contemporary culture. The main message of the paper is a thesis stating that favourable changes in music education presented in the paper, are possible following in-depth transformations of the entire teaching system, departure from centrally managed education to the benefit of democratic governance of schools and personalized education.&nbsp; Keywords: music education, education worldwide, education in Poland, educational reforms, pedagogical paradigms. &nbsp;

The state of children’s and youth’s health as a source of construction of the content of health education in secondary schools in Poland

The article, based on the analysis of official statistical materials and publications of scientists of the Republic of Poland, presents the tendencies of changes in the state of health of children, adolescents and youth in the country. A number of «measures» are used to summarize the approach to assessing the health of children, adolescents and young people. Some information on indicators of physical development and sensory-motor fitness is presented, it is revealed that a characteristic feature of development of modern children and youth is acceleration, which instead is not accompanied by acceleration of psychical (mental) and social maturation. It is noted that the negative trends today are a permanent decrease in the population of 6‒19-year-olds, flexibility, endurance and strength, an increase in their Body Mass Index, which is largely associated with a decrease in physical activity of children, adolescents and youth. It is determined that the health problems that “count” in statistical studies on the health of children, adolescents and young people are available trauma, caries, impaired vision, hearing and movement, musculoskeletal disorders systems. It has been found that various psychosocial disorders have become a constant “measure” of the health of children, adolescents and young people. It was found that statistical studies on the health of children, adolescents and young people show separate data on chronic diseases, among which a special place is given to obesity among the “young” population, and infectious diseases, including AIDS, which tends to increase. A number of so-called “subjective” health indicators (those voiced by young people or their parents/guardians) and indicators of favorable or risky health and life behaviors were analyzed. It is concluded that the best ways to solve the problem of health of children, adolescents and youth, Polish scientists determine the provision of effective preventive care, appropriate implementation of health education, taking into account modern standards of health promotion and improving the quality of educational and preventive programs in secondary school, their coverage of the entire population of school-age persons and, indirectly, their parents. It is noted that data on the current state of health of children, adolescents and youth and trends in its changes are an important basis for constructing the content and technology of health-preserving educational influences in educational institutions.

Художня освіта учнів у початковій школі Польщі

The article establishes that the problem of creativity development by means of artistic activity is relevant for almost all educational systems in the world. A comparative analysis of art education in Poland and Ukraine is made. Cultural and historical heritage, traditions and family upbringing became the basis for the beginning of art education in Polish school practice. The purpose of primary education in Poland is the mental, aesthetic, physical and other development of children. Primary school is the first part of compulsory education, which lasts eight years and is divided into two stages: from 1st to 3rd grade remains integrated education, and from 4th to 8th – «block». Under the education reform, Polish schools were replaced by: an 8-year primary school, a 4-year secondary school, a 5-year technical secondary school, two-level industrial schools and secondary schools. The strategic objectives of the development of education in Poland have been identified, namely: accessible education for all age groups; reduction of school age from seven to six years; formation of children's independence, curiosity and development of creativity and others. The curriculum in grades IV-VIII for primary schools in Poland on the weekly distribution of subjects is analyzed. In accordance with the State Standard of Ukrainian Primary Education, art curricula were systematized, based on the principle of integration of education. The content line «Art» in Ukraine consists of music and fine arts. The integrity and continuity of the process of art education of students provide various forms of learning. Polish teachers see them as an additional opportunity to deepen and improve the already acquired knowledge and skills in the framework of artistic creativity and purposeful pedagogical influence on the emotional sphere of children and its cultural and aesthetic enrichment. The implementation of art education of primary school students is carried out using various forms, methods and tools aimed at improving the efficiency of the educational process.

Military Innovations in Secondary Schools in Poland as a Manifestation of Strengthening State Security within the Meaning of Articles 5 and 26 of the Polish Constitution

Military Innovations in Secondary Schools in Poland as a Manifestation of Strengthening State Security within the Meaning of Articles 5 and 26 of the Polish Constitution

Виховний потенціал конструкторської діяльності школярів

The subject of the article reveals the problems of realization of the educational potential for such a didactic tool as construction. The applied aspects for solving problems of mental, aesthetic, ecological and labor education of primary school students in the process of design activity are determined. It is proved that design activity is the universal tool to implement the most effective integrated learning in primary school. The topicality of the problem under research is determined by social trends that characterize the current stage of the education system development: the use of various technologies designed to make the learning process more productive and at the same time the declining quality of education, fall in the general level of education quality as well as in the theoretical and practical training of schoolchildren and students, inconsistency of the existing level of knowledge, skills, abilities and competencies acquired during the training experience of the real needs of production, labor market and public demands. The experience of integrated learning in the activities of primary schools in Poland at the beginning of the XXI century is analyzed. The ways of application for designing activity at different levels of integration – practical, methodical, organizational are defined. The educational opportunities of design activity in classes in various disciplines are revealed. The basic methods for realization tasks of mental, aesthetic, labor education of pupils of elementary school during employment by design activity are described.