School Disadaptation Research Articles

COMPARATIVE AGE FEATURES OF CLINIC AND PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS OF SCHOOL DISADAPTATION

Purpose: a comparative study of age-related clinical manifestations and pathogenesis of the main factors of school exclusion [SE]. Material and methods. The main methods of investigation were clinical-epidemiological and psychological. We additionally used psychopathological, paraclinic, and catamnesis methods. Observation of children with impaired adaptation was carried out in conditions of children’s clinics and psycho-neurological clinics (7-11 years, n=950) and (12-17 years, and n=550). The clinical manifestations and the main factors of the pathogenesis of school disadaptation in the comparative-age aspect (7-11 years old, n = 950) and (12-17 years old, n = 550). More significant factors of risk, together with the psycho-social ones (conditions of the micro-social sphere of family and school), are genetic and cerebral organic. Results and discussion/ The feature found by children and teenagers disadaptation is its massive somatization, which is characterized by polymorph vegetative and visceral disorders in different organs and systems (digestive, skin, respiratory, moving, heart-vessel, secretory, endocrine) and painful manifestation.

COMPARATIVE AGE FEATURES OF CLINIC AND PATHOGENETIC ASPECTS OF SCHOOL DISADAPTATION

Intensive processes of maturation of certain biological systems of the body in conjunction with an increase in the level of socio-psychological requirements for students, increase the possibility of psihotrauvmatik personality. The clinic manifestations and the main factors of pathogenesis of school disadaptation in the comparative-age aspect (7-11 years old, n = 950) and (12-17 years old, n = 550). More significant factors of risk together with the psycho - social ones (conditions of micro social sphere of family and school) are genetic and cerebral organic. The feature of found out by children and teenagers disadaptation is its massive somatisation, which charactrised by polymorph vegetative and visceral disorders in different organs and systems (digestive, skin, respiratory, moving, heart-vessel,secretory,endocrine) and paintful manifestation. Results. Thus, clinical and population-based studies conducted amonghealthy schoolchildren, revealed a greater incidence of children and adolescents with adjustment disorders (72%), among which is dominated by Grade III - a relative maladjustment. The most significant risk factors, along with psycho-social (micro social status of the family and school environment) are genetic and cerebro-organic. A feature of the identified children and adolescents maladjustment was its massive somatic, which was characterized by polymorphic vegetative-visceral disorders in various organs and systems (digestive, skin, respiratory, locomotor, cardiovascular, excretory, endocrine) and algic manifestations.

Исследование связи типов школьной дезадаптации подростков с акцентуациями характера

<p class="Standard">В статье приведено описание исследования эмоционально-личностной сферы подростков, установлена связь между акцентуациями характера подростка и различными типами школьной дезадаптации.</p>

THE STUDY OF THE PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 9-11TH GRADE STUDENTS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL

There are presented results of a study of age and sexual development of the neuro-psychiatric sphere in 9-11th grade students of secondary school. An analysis of the peculiarities of the formation of the neuropsychic sphere in students has revealed a significant improvement in cognitive functions and psychomotorics, a reduction in school disadaptation in girls and boys, in groups, continuing and discontinuing their education, among schoolchildren with bad habits and without them, among modern adolescents compared with students of same age 10 years ago. The continuation of the maturation of the neuropsychic sphere of adolescents in a complex with their socio-psychological adaptation has been established. Risk factors of mental development disorders in senior students are revealed. For the first time, there was obtained data of a comparative analysis of the psychophysiological development of adolescents related to their peers 10 years ago. There were developed age-gender standards of psychophysiological features of schoolchildren aged of 15-17 years, which are of practical importance for modern psychohygiene and school psychology when working with senior students.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ПСИХІЧНИХ СТАНІВ ТА ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ОСОБИСТОСТІ МОЛОДШИХ ШКОЛЯРІВ І ЗОЗНАКАМИ ДЕЗАДАПТАЦІЇ

The authors describe and propose ways to determine the level of school disadaptation. Associated psychological factors are identified: levels of school motivation and adaptation, situational and personal anxiety, indicators and forms of aggression, self-esteem of depression. The obtained experimental data on the tendency to disadaptation are analyzed, as well as the psychological factors that influence the formation of disadaptation of young school children are investigated. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of mental states and personality characteristics of elementary school children with disadaptation shall be conducted to study their school disadaptation, organization of comprehensive psychological and pedagogical assistance to school children, teachers and parents. Existing research methods are mainly based on self-estimation methodologies. Experimental data on addiction to disadaptation was obtained, additionally, the psychological factors, which influence on disadaptation formation of elementary school children, were examined. The majority of examined children were found to have a low level of reactive anxiety and a high level of personal anxiety.

Психологические детерминанты школьной дезадаптации первоклассников

Психологические детерминанты школьной дезадаптации первоклассников

"Inadequate Tranquility" as a Latent Form of Anxiety in Children and Adolescents

In the article school anxiety is considered as a component of school disadaptation and as a personal formation. The phenomenon of school disadaptation is getting more widespread nowadays, indicating that there is a disparity between students’ social, psychological and physiological status and the requirements of school environment. It is confirmed that there are 2 risk groups: manifestly anxious and latently anxious or inadequately tranquil children. Aggression is often a specific form of behavior in the case of hidden anxiety. The aim of the study is to find psychophysiological markers of hostility and anger in inadequately tranquil adolescents. The study involved 66 students (23 of them were included in the inadequately tranquil group) of 9th and 10th grades of Moscow secondary school, whose average age was 15.3±0.7 years old. We used Bass-Perry’s Aggression Questionnaire to assess levels of hostility and anger, and recorded EEG in Pz and ECG at rest with closed and open eyes. In the inadequately tranquil group anger correlated with the stress index, the index of autonomic balance, LF% and LF/HF ratio negatively and with HF and HF% positively. Hostility correlated with the stress index, the amplitude of maximum peak of alpha activity and LF% negatively and with HF% positively. Thus, in this group the tension of the regulatory system is not detected. However, over time the inadequate tranquility can change into manifest anxiety. This group requires further observation. In addition, aggression and hostility are seen as a coping strategy, that is realized by the students in order to regulate their condition and reduce mental stress in a stressful situation. Keywords: inadequate tranquility; normative anxiety; explicit anxiety, hostility; stress index; heart rate variability.

Comparative age features of clinic and pathogenetic aspects of school disadaptation

The clinic manifestations and the main factors of pathogenesis of school desadaptation in the comparative-age aspect (7–11 years old, n = 950) and (12–17 years old, n = 550). More signifi cant factors of risk together with the psycho – social ones (conditions of micro social sphere of family and school) are genetic and cerebral organic. The feature of found out by children and teenagers desadaptation is its massive somatisation, which charactrised by polymorph vegetative and visceral disorders in different organs and systems (digestive, skin, respiratory, moving, heart-vessel, secretory, endocrine) and painful manifestation.

PSYCHOLOGICAL READINESS FOR SCHOOL OF CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER WITH HYPERACTIVITY

The problem of psychological readiness for school training of children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity which is important for the research in connection with considerable representation of this syndrome in children’s population is considered in the article. Techniques of empirical study, statistical methods are used in the work. Results of empirical study of psychological readiness for school training of the primary school age students with the mentioned syndrome are presented. As a result of the carried-out analysis, it has been revealed that primary school age students with this syndrome are not ready for school, they are characteristic of low degree of well-formedness of the voluntary-contextual type of communication with the adults, low level of the “cooperative-competitive” type of communication which is responsible for successful acquisition of the general ways of the problem solution, truly different from the agemates’ characteristics. The obtained data can be of interest to specialists of preschool and school education, research associates, in the context of readiness of children for school training and prevention of school disadaptation.

Dynamics of the cognitive function in the school-age children presenting with a natal injury to the cervical spine in the course of the combined spa and health resort-based treatment with the use of manual therapy

The objective of the present work was to study dynamics of the cognitive function in the school-age children presenting with a natal injury in the cervical region of the spine in the course of the combined spa and health resort-based treatment with the use of manual therapy based at a health resort facility. THE PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 110 schoolchildren at the age from 8 to 15 years (mean age 13.0 ± 0.4 years) were examined during the residual period of a natal injury in the cervical region of the spine. All the participants of the study were divided into to randomized groups. The main group was comprised of 55 school-age children (mean age 13.0 ± 0.4 years) given the comprehensive spa and health resort-based treatment with the application of manual therapy and the group of comparison that contained the remaining 55 schoolchildren (mean age 13.0 ± 0.4 years) who received the same balneotherapeutic treatment but without manual therapy. We analyzed the indicators of cognitive function after the application of manual therapy in 55 children and adolescents aged from 8 to 15 years who underwent the natal trauma to the cervical spine associatedwith the symptoms of postural disorders of varying severity. The article presents the results of the analysis of cognitive function dynamics in the children and adolescents under the influence of the combined spa and health resort-based treatment with the use of manual therapy of functional blocks. It was shown that the combined spa and health resort-based rehabilitative treatment with the use of the manual therapeutic techniques makes it possible to significantly improve the condition of the cervical spine and exerts the positive influence on the dynamics of the cognitive function, has beneficial effect on the mental and motor functions, increases the flexibility and backup capabilities of the nervous system, and may be instrumental in resolving the problems arising from school disadaptation.

ОПТИМИЗАЦИЯ РЕЖИМА ТРУДА И ОТДЫХА В ПСИХОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ АДАПТАЦИИ УЧАЩИХСЯ ШКОЛ

Results of researches on a complex of factors of the educational environment that influence a functional condition of studying youth are presented in article. Data of researches where different options of alternations of academic loads (duration of school lessons) and rest (duration of educational changes) were studied are provided in the article, extent of subjects influence of different complexity and difficulty on efficiency of the child was studied. The questions of influence of educational alternation and sports activity on efficiency of the schoolboys and influence of the general physical activity in prevention and correction of school disadaptation are raised also.

DEANOL ACEGLUMATE IN NEURASTHENIA TREATMENT IN ADOLESCENTS WITH SCHOOL DISADAPTATION

Aim: to study clinical manifestation of neurasthenia in adolescents with school disadaptation and to assess efficacy of deanol aceglumate in treatment of this disorder. Patients and methods: 64 adolescents aged from 14 to 17 years with neurasthenia were included into the study. Control group consisted of 64 practically healthy adolescents. Diagnostic methods: subjective scale for asthenia assessment (MFI-20), visual analogue scale for asthenia manifestations assessment (10-points scale), C. D. Spielberger’s state-trait anxiety test, vegetologic examination with A. M. Vein’s questionnaire, psychophysiological investigation with TOVA (Test of Variables of Attention), quantitative electroencephalography. Results: vegetative dysfunction, decrease of attention level and reaction speed, as well as increased level of reactive anxiety (reliably higher than in control group of healthy participants) was revealed. The results of quantitative electroencephalography demonstrated significant decrease of alpha-rhythm spectrum power in occipital leads in comparison with respective characteristic in the control group. The results of clinical and psychological studies, performed after the treatment course, showed high clinical efficacy of deanol aceglumate in this disorder in adolescents (the improvement was achieved in 44 (68,8%) of patients). Conclusions: deanol aceglumate in treatment of asthenic disorders in adolescents with school disadaptation is characterized by high efficacy. Due to absence of its influence on anxiety level, combination of this medicine with nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytics can be suggested to increase the efficacy of the treatment.

School Disadaptation in Children with Speech Underdevelopment and its Prevention

350 7 to 14-year-old students of a special school for children with severe speech and language disorders (SLD) were tested through psychological, neurolinguistic and clinical methods. It was a longitudinal study. During 4-5 years of studying at the special school, the majority of speech and language impairments reduce and communicative skills grow up. But the other students demonstrate regress of adaptation skills, intellectual effi ciency and increase in restlessness, aggressive behavior, mood disorders, and neurotic disorders. We recognize it as the state of exacerbation. Comparative statistic analysis reveals that this state occurs mostly between 9.5 and 11.5 years of life. 50% of the decompensation cases observed occurs in this age range. The data obtained gave us an incentive to develop a prevention program. The target group included a population aged 9.5-10 with PSU (PPMI-program). The 2-year experience of incorporating the risk subgroup of SLIC into the PPMI-program gave a positive return. The amount of decompensations reduced signifi cantly. Intensity of psychopatological disorders decreased.

The use of hypoxically hypercapnic training for children with the attention deficit syndrome and hyperactivity for the correction of school disadaptation problems

The problem of rehabilitation of children with the attention deficit syndrome and hyperactivity remains unresolved despite a large number of relevant investigations. The comprehensive rehabilitation of such children requires the use of both medicamental and-non-medicamental factors. The objective of the present study was to address the problem of school disadaptation based on the improvement of memory and attention in children presenting with the attention deficit syndrome and hyperactivity by means of inclusion of hypoxically hypercapnic training in the program of comprehensive rehabilitation with the use ofa Karbonik respiratory training system. A method is described developed for the practical realization of this program and the results of its implementation are presented.

Medico-Social Aspects of School Disadaptation

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