School Construction Research Articles

HORODNICA GRODZIEŃSKA W ŹRÓDŁACH WIZUALNYCH I DOKUMENTACH (DRUGA POŁOWA XVIII WIEKU)

Scholars have paid attention to the history of Horodnica since the nineteenth century. The plan of Horodnica of 1780 is the starting point for this article. It is kept in the library of the University of Warsaw. The study combines the analysis of visual sources and documents. Because of different historical events, part of the documents was lost. It does not give a possibility to indicate the date of construction of factories, schools, and other buildings. Based on the plan of 1780, we analyse different areas on the territory of Horodnica. The architectural harmony of Horodnica was destroyed after Tyzenhauz was removed from management in 1780. Most of the buildings were ruined during the Soviet period.

PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN KAMPU ADAT DESA KARANG BAJO KECAMATAN BAYAN KABUPATEN LOMBOK UTARA


 
 
 
 The problems studied in this study are related to community participation in the management of the traditional village of Karang Bajo, Bayan District, North Lombok. The purpose of this study was to describe the participation of the community in Karang Bajo village in managing the traditional village. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with the research location in the traditional village of Karang Bajo village. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews with observation techniques related to community participation. Data analysis techniques used are data reduction, presentation, data analysis, and drawing conclusions. Vertical participation is marked by the presence of outsiders who become leaders in involving the role of the community such as indecon from NGO, AMAN, KOMPAK, Rinjani Lodge, Institutions (STP Mataram, Unram, UIN Mataram, UGM) PT Bali Nusra and the local government. Horizontal participation is characterized by the role of the community in managing things or activities that are formed between the communities themselves in the form of mutual cooperation, deliberation and consensus and so on. Meanwhile, physical participation in Karang Bajo village refers to the form of the community's role in the form of objects that can be seen in the construction of traditional schools and the manufacture of art houses as olshops for community crafts. Non-physical participation found is community participation in the form of ideas or ideas in the management of Traditional Kampu in Karang Bajo village which can be seen in the ideas of a number of outside parties on vertical participation (partners) on tourism counseling, tourism management training, assistance in the preparation of tour packages and so on.
 
 
 

Novice Chinese as a foreign language teachers' identity construction in primary schools in New Zealand from positioning and affordance perspectives.

While there has been an increase in research on Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) teachers' identity worldwide, limited attention has been drawn to CFL teachers' positioning and affordances to interpret their identity construction in an overseas context. To fill the gap, this study investigated seven novice CFL teachers' identity construction as Chinese language teachers in primary schools in New Zealand from positioning and affordance perspectives. Retrospective semi-structured interviews were adopted to understand how the novice CFL teachers were positioned, how they positioned themselves, and what affordances they perceived to be influential to their Chinese language teacher identity construction. The findings showed that the novice CFL teachers' identity construction was subject to the social, institutional, and individual levels of being positioned, self-positioning, and affordances. Specifically, (1) consistent self-positioning at the social, institutional, and individual levels could largely determine the novice CFL teachers' identity construction; (2) inconsistency of identities between being positioned and self-positioning at the social, institutional, and individual levels might weaken the novice CFL teachers' identity construction; (3) affordances as opportunities at the social, institutional, and individual levels could strengthen the novice CFL teachers' identity construction, whereas affordances as challenges could not. The study concluded with implications and limitations to inform future research.

A Spatial Equilibrium Evaluation of Primary Education Services Based on Living Circle Models: A Case Study within the City of Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, China

Primary education services are a key component of public infrastructure. These services exert significant impacts on public activity, sustainability, and healthy socio-economic development. This research applies the concept of a ‘living circle’ in order to evaluate the spatial equilibrium of education services in existing primary schools. This has enabled equilibrium planning schemes to be proposed for primary schools as well as the promotion and construction of livable and defensible living spaces. This area remains a key issue, however, one that urgently needs to be addressed in terms of the layout of public infrastructural services to facilitate livable living space construction. Thus, from the perspective of livable and defensible living space construction, the aim of this study was to construct a primary education equalization assessment method based on the walking living circle method. An equilibrium index was also designed based on the number of primary school students; this was then combined with the standard construction of new primary schools to optimize the spatial equilibrium of these education services. The city of Zhangjiakou City was then used as a case study; the spatial equilibrium of primary education services was evaluated across four living circle scenarios (i.e., 15 min, 20 min, 25 min, and 30 min). Results reveal that the city of Zhangjiakou currently offers dramatically spatially negative non-equilibrium primary education services (i.e., supply < demand) across four living circle scenarios, but most notably in rural areas away from urban areas and towns, especially in the counties of Shangyi, Chicheng, Chongli, Kangbao, and Guyuan. It is interesting to note that all living circle scenarios could enable positive non-equilibrium primary education services (i.e., supply > demand), mainly within the urban districts of Qiaodong, Xuanhua, Qiaoxi, Wanquan, and Xiahuayuan. It is also clear that equilibrium living circles are distributed across all counties. A spatial optimization proposal for primary school services should therefore be presented that alleviates the issues inherent to non-equilibrium primary education services. The results of this study offer a number of suggestions for education service optimization across the city of Zhangjiakou as well as for other cities in China. We also provide further scientific foundations for research on livable space and defensible unit construction as well as the spatial equilibrium evaluation of other public infrastructural service facilities

New Progression in China's Narratology Studies: Extensive Reform of Western Narratology and Embryonic Construction of Chinese School of Narratology

ABSTRACT As China's narratology studies begin to draw attention from international scholarship, this article aspires to map the current development of narratology in China with the main focus on renowned Chinese narratologists such as Dan Shen, Biwu Shang, Xiuyan Fu, and Weisheng Tang. In particular, this article seeks to comb the Chinese narrative research underpinned by and further contributing to the tenets of Western narratology, as well as to scrutinize the thriving schools of Chinese narratology that take Chinese narrative as its main concern. Based on a review of the situations of narratology in China, especially during this decade, this article concludes with tentative suggestions for the future evolution of narratology in China, and looks forward to the future when narratology with unique Chinese nationality can be widely recognized by the world.

Long-Term and Intergenerational Effects of Education: Evidence from School Construction in Indonesia

Abstract We study long-term and intergenerational effects of the 1970s Indonesian school construction program. Exploiting variation across birth cohorts and districts in the number of schools built suggests that 43 years later men are more likely to work formally, outside agriculture, and migrate, and that men and women have better marriage market outcomes. Households with exposed women have higher living standards and pay more taxes. The mother's program exposure leads to increased schooling for her children, with larger effects in secondary and tertiary education. Cost-benefit analyses indicate that school construction leads to higher tax revenues and improved living standards, offsetting construction costs within 18–54 years.

Exploring the Modernization Path of the Internal Governance System and Governance Capacity of Local Universities Under the Background of "Double First-class"

Under the requirements of national policy, the internal governance work of colleges and universities with the help of modern office technology and means, has made certain progress, modern governance level significantly improved, effectively assist colleges and universities to promote the teaching and research cause, improve the teaching construction level and teaching work level. However, there are still some problems of imperfect governance system and relatively low governance ability in the internal construction work of colleges and universities. Some colleges and universities even ignore the internal governance work, whose teaching and research work is not coordinated, and they cannot create a high-quality school environment for students. In addition, the internal governance work of colleges and universities is also faced with all kinds of problems, such as the lack of modern management talents, miscellaneous management institutions, the lack of internal governance power operation, resource allocation to be optimized, resulting in the smooth operation of the university governance and teaching work are deeply affected. In view of this, this paper will be the construction of double first-class universities, under the background of the requirements of internal governance and the importance of internal governance modernization development, and then focus on the problems in the internal governance work, on the basis of the internal governance system and governance ability modernization path, in order to provide reference for school construction and discipline construction, promote the development of university education system, play the important role of universities in talent training and talent transmission. With the modernization development of university governance work, we will cultivate high-quality and high-quality application-oriented and academic talents for our country social modernization construction, and promote the smooth operation of discipline teaching and research work and undertakings in various industries.

Kriteria Fī Sabīlillāh sebagai Mustahik Zakat pada Lembaga Amil Zakat Nasional Wahdah Islamiyah Pusat

This study aims to determine and understand the criteria of fῑ sabῑlillāh as zakat mustahik at the National Amil Zakat Institution (Laznas) of Centre of Wahdah Islamiyah. The study use a qualitative type of field research using a normative approach. The research results found are as follows; (1) Fῑ Sabῑlillāh is one of the eight groups who are entitled to receive zakat. The definition of fῑ sabῑlillāh itself is a deed that leads to the pleasure of Allah swt. and His heaven, especially jihad to elevate the sentence of monotheism. At present, there are more categories of fῑ sabῑlillāh, such as the construction of mosques, hospitals, schools, orphanages, orphans and other da'wah facilities. (2) The criteria for fȋ sabȋlillāh as zakat mustahik at Laznas Wahdah Islamiyah as also used as a reference by the National Amil Zakat Agency (BAZNAS), that fȋ sabȋlillāh are all activities that support da'wah activities, both da'wah implementers (da'i), da'wah institutions and facilities infrastructure that supports the da'wah itself. The determination of mustahik anāf fȋ sabȋlillāh is carried out after going through several stages of the survey of mustahik candidates. The data obtained from the survey is then processed whether the prospective mustahik deserves to receive zakat or not, the next is sorting the program according to the needs of the mustahik. (3) The distribution of zakat fȋ sabȋlillāh at Laznas Wahdah Islamiyah is carried out after the mustahik selection process using the survey method. Laznas Wahdah Islamiyah's strategy in distributing zakat is to see which asnaf is a priority and is encountered in its management. The distribution of funds is carried out directly by Laznas Wahdah Islamiyah.

Multicontractor multiproject matching optimization for planning modular school construction programs

In a practical context of construction management, a number of special contractors are selected to deliver a multiproject program in a definitive time frame. Research has yet to address how well contractors are matched to projects in scheduling and how to evaluate this criterion in scheduling optimization analysis. This research formulates a novel resource scheduling optimization problem termed multicontractor multiproject matching optimization problem (MCMPMO) based on the current practice of planning modular school development programs. The particular goal of MCMPMO is to determine which contractor is a better match for delivering which project in such a way that the program would be completed by available resources in time, resulting in the highest chances of completing the whole program to the satisfaction of all the stakeholders. A bi-objective optimization formulation for MCMPMO is proposed in the application context of planning modular school development programs. A computer program was prototyped to identify a Pareto front of the MCMPMO problem in a case study.

Improving the Well-Being of Adolescent Girls in Developing Countries

Abstract This paper conducts a large, narrative review of interventions that might plausibly (a) increase educational attainment, (b) delay childbearing, and/or (c) delay marriage for adolescent girls in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Using 108 interventions from 78 studies, predominantly in LMICs, the paper summarizes the performance of 15 categories of interventions in improving these outcomes. Transfer programs emerge as broadly effective in increasing educational attainment but their effects on delaying fertility and marriage remain mixed and dependent on context. Construction of schools in underserved areas and the provision of information on returns to schooling and academic performance also increase schooling. No category of interventions is found to be categorically effective in delaying pregnancies and reducing child marriages among adolescent girls. While targeted provision of sexual and reproductive health services, including vouchers and subsidies for family planning, and increasing job opportunities for women seem promising, more research is needed to evaluate the longer-term effects of such interventions. We propose that future studies should aim to measure short-term outcomes that can form good surrogates for long-term welfare gains and should collect detailed cost information.

Effects of concept mapping strategy on sentence construction, paragraphing and editing in junior secondary schools students’ composition writing achievements

This study investigated the effects of concept mapping on sentence construction, paragraphing, and editing in composition writing achievement of secondary school students in Kafanchan Education Zone, Kaduna State Nigeria. The study answered three research questions and tested three hypotheses. Quasi-experimental (non-equivalent pre-test-post-test control group design) research design was employed for the study. The population of the study included all the 1,242 Junior Secondary School two (JS II) students in 35 public secondary schools in Kafanchan Education Zone of Kaduna State. Sample of 66 students from two intact classes (experimental group = 36, control group = 30) participated in the study. Students in the experimental group received 8-weeks of training on concept mapping instruction, while those in the control group were exposed to normal conventional teaching. Students’ composition writing achievement test (SCWAT, test-retest reliability = 0.78) was developed by the researcher to obtain baseline information and after-intervention information. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics [means and standard deviation (SD)] and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results indicated that students have the very low ability in sentence construction, paragraphing, and editing in composition writing achievement at baseline. Also, concept mapping instruction significantly improved students’ ability to construct a cohesive sentence, develop a paragraph, and edit composition writing. The study concluded that concept mapping strategy has significant effects on sentence construction, paragraphing, and editing in composition writing achievement skills of junior secondary school students. The study strongly recommended the use of a concept mapping strategy by teachers, students, and school administrators in Nigeria.

Effect of the Accelerated School Construction Program on the Students' Academic Achievement in Public Secondary Schools of Rwanda

Effect of the Accelerated School Construction Program on the Students' Academic Achievement in Public Secondary Schools of Rwanda

Saints of Tonga: A Century of Island Faith

Saints of Tonga: A Century of Island Faith

Деятельность Общества восстановления православного христианства на Кавказе в деле школьного строительства в Абхазии (середина XIX – начало XX веков)

В исследовании выявляются основные направления и этапы процесса организации школьного образования в досоветской Абхазии, связанного с деятельностью Абхазской миссии Общества восстановления православного христианства на Кавказе (ОВПХК) в середине XIX – начале XX вв. Проанализированы отчеты Общества, рассмотрены работы дореволюционных, советских, а также современных абхазских и российских исследователей, касающиеся данной проблемы. Установлена и изучена фактография формирования и развития сети школ ОВПХК, выявлены проблемы школьного строительства, охарактеризована деятельность талантливых педагогов, показано значение общественных инициатив и государственной поддержки в ходе формирования сети абхазских школ, раскрыты пути решения проблемы дефицита педагогических кадров. Разработана периодизация процесса развития в Абхазии сети действовавших под эгидой ОВПХК школ, являвшихся источниками народного просвещения, распространения грамотности и культуры в регионе. The study identifies the main directions and stages of school education organizing in pre-Soviet Abkhazia that are associated with the activities of the Abkhaz mission of the Society for the Restoration of Orthodox Christianity in the Caucasus (SROCC) in the mid-19th – early 20th centuries. As research materials, the reports of the Society, archival sources, the acts of the Caucasian Archaeographic Commission were analyzed; works of pre-revolutionary, Soviet, Abkhaz and modern Russian researchers concerning this problem were considered. The representativeness of the analysis of the processes of school construction in pre-Soviet Abkhazia is ensured through the use of comparative-historical, concrete-historical, historical-descriptive and diachronic methods. The factography of the formation and development of the SROCC school network has been established and studied, the problems of school construction have been identified, and the activities of talented teachers have been characterized. The sociopolitical conditions in which the school network functioned are described, and an assessment of these conditions is given. The importance of public initiatives and state support in the forming of a network of Abkhaz schools is shown; ways of solving the problem of shortage of teaching staff are revealed. The importance of using unified teaching methods in the Society’s schools and the facts of popularizing the successful experience of individual teachers are revealed. The importance of teaching in the native (Abkhaz) language is reflected in the aspect of increasing the interest of students and the local population in school education. Activities of professional departments at schools, which gave students craft skills, are characterized. The influence of teachers’ congresses on the development of school education in the region is determined. The restoration of Abkhaz schools after the devastating events of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878 has been studied. It has been determined that for a long time the whole matter of public education in Abkhazia was actually concentrated in the hands of the SROCC. As a result of the study, the author develops a periodization of the process of forming a network of schools operating in Abkhazia under the auspices of the SROCC, and identifies four stages of this process. The author concludes that, during the described period, schools were sources of public education and played an important role in the spread of literacy and culture in the region.

ҚАЗАҚСТАНДАҒЫЗАЙЫРЛЫ БІЛІМ БЕРУ ЖҮЙЕСІНІҢҚАЛЫПТАСУЫЖӘНЕ АҒАРТУ ХАЛЫҚ КОМИССАРИАТЫ

The article considers the radical changes in the field of education, which began with the establishment of Soviet power in Kazakhstan, the role of the People's Commissariat of Education of Kazakhstan in the active implementation of the secular education system. The People's Commissariat for Education raises the issue of decisions and concrete work plans to address pressing issues such as school construction, textbooks and staff shortages in line with the secular education system in Kazakhstan. The article analyzes the positions of the Bolsheviks, who supported the introduction of a secular education system in Kazakhstan, and their views, such as ignoring the continuity of national ideology and educational traditions.In particular, the operation of madrassas operating on Kazakh soil before the October Revolution was banned and considered restricted as a religious education.Similar restrictions were applied to Russian-tolerant schools that began to operate under Tsarist Russia.It is no secret that the secular education system has manyadvantages. However, his first difficulties in Kazakhstan were many.It was especially closely connected with the inability of the Kazakh people to mobilize their children for regular school work due to their nomadic pastoralism. There was also a high demand for textbooks in the Kazakh language and specialists with special education. It was the People's Commissariat for Education that resolved these pressing issues and ensured the regularity of work in this area.

An Evaluation Method for the Construction of Double-Qualified Teachers in Vocational Schools Based on ID3 Algorithm and Neural Networking

In vocational schools, the traditional evaluation approach of forming a double-qualified teaching team has the issue of an imperfect evaluation standard, resulting in low accuracy. Based on the ID3 algorithm, this research develops an evaluation technique for double-qualified teacher team construction in vocational schools. The characteristics of dual-teacher education are gathered, customized training plans are produced, and the selection mechanism for vocational school teachers is maximised based on the requirements of students’ vocational ability training. By calculating the information gain of each attribute, the ID3 algorithm is used to formulate teacher evaluation standards, and dimensionless post-data are comprehensively processed to design the evaluation mode of teacher team construction. Experimental results: the average accuracy of the evaluation method for the construction of double-qualified teachers in vocational schools based on association rules, as well as the other two evaluation methods, was 69.959%, 58.851 percent, and 58.744 percent, respectively, indicating that the evaluation method for the construction of double-qualified teachers in vocational schools integrated with the ID3 algorithm was more accurate.

Analysis of Early Watercolor Paintings by Thomas Girtin and Joseph Mallord William Turner

18. yüzyıl, İngiltere’de Kraliyet Akademisinin kurulmasıyla birlikte ulusal sanat kimliğinin inşa edilmeye çalışıldığı bir dönemi işaret etmektedir. Bu süreç içerisinde Avrupa’da tek başına ön plana çıkmaya başlayan pe resmi, İngiltere özelinde de açık hava suluboya resimleri ile ön plana çıkmaya başlar. Bu araştırma 1775-1802 yılları arasında birbirine paralel bir biçimde çalışan Thomas Girtin ve Joseph Mallord William Turner’ın erken dönem suluboya peyzaj resimlerini incelemektedir. Çalışma, Girtin’in 1802’deki ölümü sebebiyle bir önceki cümlede belirtilen tarih aralığıyla sınırlandırılmıştır. Her iki sanatçının eserlerinin birlikte incelendiği bir çalışmanın Türkçe literatürdeki eksikliği de bu araştırmanın yapılmasına olan gerekliliği ortaya koymaktadır. Yöntem olarak ulusal ve uluslararası literatür taraması yapılmış ve kaynak taramasından elde edilen bilgiler üzerinden sanatçıların çalışmaları incelenmiştir. Çalışma önce, 18. yüzyıl sonlarında İngiltere özelinde peyzaj resminin durumunu irdelemiştir. İkinci başlık altında Girtin ve Turner’ın beraber çalışmalar yaptıkları Dr. Monro Akademisinde ürettikleri eserler incelenmiştir. Üçüncü başlık altında ise çıraklık döneminde yaptıkları çalışmalar incelenmiştir. Dördüncü başlıkta taşra seyahatlerinde yaptıkları çalışmalar üzerinden sanatçıların gelişimleri gözlemlenmiştir. Beşinci başlık altında Girtin’in son yıllarında her iki sanatçının faaliyetleri incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmada araştırmanın tüm bölümlerinden elde edilen bulgular sonuç bölümünde sıralanmış ve sunulmuştur. Çalışma İngiliz suluboya ekolünün oluşumunun bu sanatçılar üzerinden izini sürerek bu sanatçıların erken dönemleri üzerine derinleşmek isteyen ülkemizdeki araştırmacılara kaynak oluşturmaktadır.

Research on the Establishment and Development Strategy of Calligraphy Characteristic School

Calligraphy art is an excellent traditional treasure of China. For Chinese people, calligraphy education is not only the teaching of Chinese character writing skills, but also the cultivation of Chinese culture. It is also the process of experiencing and practicing the rules of square and round, cultivating self-cultivation, aesthetic perception and other spirits in the writing practice. Carrying out characteristic construction reform in schools is an important way to achieve quality education, and creating calligraphy characteristic schools is also an important part of school characteristic construction. The establishment of calligraphy characteristic schools can not only improve students' traditional cultural accomplishment, cultivate their moral sentiments, and cultivate their recognition of the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation and national spirit; Moreover, it can promote the development of schools, balance educational resources and promote educational equity. This paper will take school A in Tianfu New District, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China as an example, sort out the construction and development of its calligraphy characteristic schools, refine and form characteristic, effective and referential calligraphy education experience, explore effective strategies, provide strong support for the construction and development of calligraphy education characteristic schools, form templates and paradigms, and further improve the comprehensive quality of calligraphy education characteristic schools as a whole, Promote the comprehensive popularization and high-quality development of calligraphy education.

The relationship between physical exercise and school adaptation of junior students: A chain mediating model.

ObjectiveThis study explores the relationship between physical exercise and school adaptation of junior middle school students and constructs a chain intermediary model through the intermediary role of psychological resilience and sports learning motivation.MethodsUsing the stratified cluster sampling method, 930 junior middle school students in Anhui Province were measured in group psychology by using the physical exercise rating scale, adolescent psychological resilience scale, physical learning motivation scale and school adaptation scale. The statistical software SPSS 23.0 and process plug-in were used for statistical processing, and the common method deviation test was carried out by Harman single-factor control method. Finally, the bootstrap sampling test method and process plug-in were used to test the significance of intermediary effect.Results(1) The direct prediction effect of physical exercise on school adaptation is remarkable (t = 4.60, p < 0.01); (2) psychological resilience and sports learning motivation are the intermediary variables of the relationship between physical exercise and school adaptation; (3) psychological resilience and sports learning motivation play a chain mediation role in the relationship between physical exercise and school adaptation. The intermediary effect is composed of three indirect effects: physical exercise → psychological resilience → school adaptation (95% Cl: 0.004, 0.041), physical exercise → physical learning motivation → school adaptation (95% Cl:0.019, 0.065), physical exercise → psychological resilience → physical learning motivation → school adaptation (95% Cl:0.002, 0.021).ConclusionsPhysical exercise can directly improve the school adaptation of junior middle school students, which can also affect junior middle school students’ school adaptation indirectly through psychological resilience or sports learning motivation, and it can influence school adaptation through the chain mediation of psychological resilience and sports learning motivation.

Book Culture in the Charitable Enlightenment Activity of the Merchants Talantsevs

The article reveals the life and activities of the Talantsevs merchants family in the pre-revolutionary Chuvashia. At the end of the 19th — beginning of the 20th century, along with entrepreneurship and commercial activities, the Talantsev brothers were also engaged in charity. Unlike many other merchants, who proved themselves primarily as benefactors in the development of temple construction and public charity facilities of religious type, members of the Talantsev family distinguished themselves in the enlightenment direction — in the construction of schools, hospitals, libraries, cultural and educational institutions in multinational Chuvashia, in the organization of agriculture and household life, in preservation and further development of the ethnoculture of Russian and Chuvash peoples. The Talantsevs were particularly active in promoting secular culture and books among the population. That was clearly expressed in their participation in the development of public, factory and private family libraries. The partially preserved library of the Talantsev brothers, located since 1954 in the structure of the National Library of the Chuvash Republic, is a rare example of the noble service of representatives of the merchants of Chuvashia to book culture, enlightenment and preservation of the ethnoculture of the peoples of the Middle Volga region. The historical experience and traditions of merchant families in organizing charity in the field of culture, interrupted in October 1917 and partially revived in the practice of modern entrepreneurs, can now be used in the educational process in all types of educational institutions, taking into account modern realities.