School-based Parental Involvement Research Articles

Spanish-Speaking Hispanic/Latino Families Education-Related Parental Involvement Practices

ABSTRACT Under current and prominent definitions, the rates of parental involvement among Hispanic/Latino families have been historically low. However, empirical evidence suggests that parental involvement can be perceived/practiced in varied ways. This work explored these perceptions held by Spanish-speaking Hispanic/Latino families through focus groups (n = 10) and individual interviews (n = 23) with parents of school-age children. Findings suggest that Spanish-speaking parents define parental involvement to include the emphasis of educación (a recognition that children’s moral compasses and respectful behavior are a part of their formal education) and a parent-centered approach (involving the children in the parents everyday life), while navigating language barriers. Both Spanish- and English-speaking parents endorsed low parent-teacher communication and strong educational aspirations for their children. That is, parents expressed wanting their children to have a better life than the lives the parents have experienced themselves. This study offers empirical evidence that Spanish-speaking families are highly involved in their children’s academic development and perceive themselves to play a critical role in their children’s educational success. A shared understanding of values including culturally responsive measures to assess diverse parental involvement practices and adopting a cultural lens among teachers/educators is needed to accommodate diverse cultural parental involvement practices. Study findings can inform policies and practice to help pre-service teachers and educators to understand factors that determine Spanish-speaking families’ engagement in school-based parental involvement.

Challenges Affecting Parental Involvement in Competence-Based Curriculum Implementation in Tanga

In Tanzania, parents hold dual status in educational matters; they are stakeholders and they are important actors in curriculum implementation. The researcher subscribed to a qualitative approach, which involved a case study design to examine the challenges affecting parental involvement in the implementation of a competence-based curriculum in primary schools. The study used two instruments: a documentary review and an interview. The interview involved four parents whose children study in different primary schools in Tanga. The documentary review entailed reading various academic articles that contained information about parental involvement in education matters of their children. The findings indicated that parental involvement is affected by economic constraints and time constraints, among others. In conclusion, challenges such as financial constraints, less encouragement, perceptions, and insufficient awareness of parents’ roles in the implementation of CBC, specifically in primary schools, have led to unsuccessful home- and school-based parental involvement. Finally, the researcher recommends that school staff and the MoEST should provide education to parents on the significance of parental involvement and encourage parental involvement by educating parents on the importance of CBC implementation. Also, schools should offer a variety of ways through which parents can participate in the implementation of CBC

Ukrainian Parents' Engagement with Czech Public Schools: Challenges and Roles for Parents

Even though school-based parental involvement has been linked to academic and behavioral benefits for children, little is known about the links between parental involvement for Ukrainian refugee families and contextual factors such as Czech language fluency, teaching styles, and student assessment. Identifying the barriers and limitations to cooperation between the home and the school might contribute to helping refugee children adjust to their new life in the host country. The article presents the results of a study with an exploratory qualitative approach using interviews and an interpretative phenomenological analysis for data interpretation. The study was designed to explore the multiple barriers that refugee families face when engaging with their children’s Czech public schools. The results revealed that Ukrainian parents encountered a number of challenges and that a welcoming school environment was crucial for involving them in their child’s school.

Parental Involvement in Palestine

This research study aims to find the relationships between parental involvement and achievements in math of Palestinian students in the fifth and ninth grades. The analysis is applied to data from 5,214 students in the fifth grade from 172 schools and 4,381 studentsin the ninth grade from 142 schools participating in national assessment testing in Palestine in 2018. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Pearson correlations, and intraclass correlations. The results show strong home-based parental involvement, with a higher degree of parental involvement for students in the fifth grade than those in the ninth grade. The analysis shows weak positive relationships between how parents control their children and children's academic achievement for both grades. There were no correlations between parental support and their children's achievement. There were correlations between schoolbased parental involvement and student achievement in math in the fifth and ninth grades. Children need parental support at home and at school; however, not all parents are able to provide that support. Many schools prefer to limit parental involvement since they prefer to manage without parental help.

Parental involvement and learners’ academic performance at primary leaving examination in Rural Government-Aided Primary Schools in Ssisa Sub-county, Wakiso District, Uganda

The study sought to establish the level of parental involvement and learners’ academic performance at P.L.E in rural government- aided primary schools in Sissa Sub-County, Wakiso District, Uganda. Three specific objectives guided the study thus; · To establish the level of home-based parental involvement in rural government-aided primary schools in Ssisa Sub county, Wakiso district. · To establish the level of school-based parental involvement in rural government-aided primary schools in Ssisa Subcounty, Wakiso district. · To examine the relationship between parental involvement and learners’ academic performance at PLE in rural government-aided primary schools, Wakiso district. The study employed a descriptive research design using a mixed methods approach. The study also adopted a cross- sectional research method to gather the data from headteachers and teachers. Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches were applied in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data. Results indicated that the level of home-based parental involvement in government aided primary schools in Sissa Subcounty was high at a mean of 3.64 with a standard deviation of 1.23. The results of school-based parental involvement in government aided schools in Sissa indicated that there was a high level of parental involvement with a mean of 3.66 and a standard deviation of 1.2. Results also revealed a positive and significant relationship between parental involvement and learners’ academic performance at (r = -.120, N = 102, p = .230 > 0.05). The study recommended that; Parents should; provide a conducive learning environment to their children at home, provide quality supervision to children when given homework and show a positive attitude to their learners in home-based activities since it enhances performance of these children at P.L.E. The education department at the dsitrict should fully sensitize the public about the relevance of parental involvement and how it enhances performance. School administrators should create close partnerships between parents and learners.

A systematic review of understanding parental involvement in children’s ESL learning: What the literature says?

A systematic literature review (SLR) regarding parental involvement in children's ESL learning at the primary school level was carried out using electronic data searching. This review considered articles published in the last three years (2020–2022) from an electronic database, specifically SCOPUS. The paper summarizes previous research, examines the current literature, and suggests directions for future research. The results of this evaluation, which include the identification of ten relevant papers, show that the majority of the parental involvement studies were conducted qualitatively and focused more on home-based than school-based involvement. Besides that, reading activities were largely performed by parents to get involved in their children’s ESL learning followed by helping with homework. Several theories have been seen employed by studies shortlisted in this SLR namely Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theory, Epstein Framework, Walker‘s Model of Parental Involvement, and Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory. Bourdieu Social Classes Theory and Asset-based Framework. The findings of this review suggest that for children to benefit most from reading, parents should obtain a better understanding of effective reading strategies. Additionally, more studies are needed on school-based parental involvement to get more insights into implementing home-school partnerships for better student educational outcomes.

Nationally Representative Evidence on the Association Between Preschool and School-Based Parental Involvement in Elementary School

Increasing school-based parental involvement—which has links to improved student outcomes like academic achievement—is a core area of focus in many preschool programs. Yet, little research to date has examined what the association is between attending preschool and school-based parental involvement in early elementary school. This study addresses this gap by drawing on nationally-representative data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Class of 2010 to 2011 ( N = 18,174) to examine the association between preschool attendance and measures of school-based parental involvement in early elementary school. The findings reveal consistent positive associations between preschool attendance and school-based parental involvement. There is little evidence of variation in associations based on the type (e.g., private and Head Start) or location (e.g., center-based and school-based) of the preschool program.

“The PTA intimidates”: racially segregated parent organizations in a dual immersion school

ABSTRACT Previous research highlights how schools value white, middle-class modes of parental involvement, we know less about Latinx parents’ involvement in their children’s schools. This article compares the participatory patterns of Latinx and non-Latinx white parents whose children attend a Spanish/English dual-immersion school in Los Angeles. Drawing from 66 interviews and 20 months of participant observation, I find that all parents participate actively but are channeled into racially segregated Parent Teacher Organizations (PTO) based on the reputation, demographic composition and informal culture of each of these organizations. This organizational segregation disadvantages Latinxs – working-class Latinx parent efforts garner less power and recognition and middle-class Latinx are less active in PTOs, as they feel they do not ‘fit’ in either organization. This article illustrates how school-based parental involvement is stratified in ways that are not fully captured by solely focusing on participation, and demonstrates how parent organizations can function as racialized organizations that perpetuate inequality.

Feasibility, acceptability and preliminary outcomes of implementing a family-based intervention Your Family, Your Neighborhood with Latinx immigrant families

School-based parent involvement is associated with child academic outcomes, positive behaviors, and social skills. However, schools often struggle to engage low-income, Latinx immigrant, Spanish-speaking parents and are tasked with finding new and creative ways to involve these parents. Despite the need to engage this diverse group of parents, culturally and linguistically responsive programs to engage parents are limited. This study sought to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary outcomes of a family-based intervention—Your Family, Your Neighborhood (YFYN)—with Latinx immigrant Spanish-speaking families. YFYN is an empirically supported, dual-generation, in-person, manualized curriculum that supports and strengthens bonds between parents and their children while fostering neighborhood social cohesion among families living in low-income communities and project-based subsidized housing. Parent-child dyads (N = 15) residing in a mid-sized city within a southwestern state participated in the YFYN intervention. Participating families attended 10 two-hour skills-based curriculum sessions during which they gathered for a community dinner and participated in parent- and child-specific skills-based groups (e.g., learning skills such as parent–child communication, school engagement strategies, positive youth development and leadership, and community strengths and challenges through photovoice). Intervention feasibility and acceptability were evaluated based on parent attendance (parents attended a mean of 8.39 out of 10 sessions), attrition rates and qualitative post-participation focus groups. Parents demonstrated a statistically significant change in parent–child relationships from pre-assessment to post-assessment and positive trends for participation in school activities, positive child behavior and community connections. Findings from this study reveal that the YFYN intervention is feasible and highly acceptable with Spanish-speaking Latinx immigrant families, demonstrated by high session attendance and low attrition. Focus groups with parent participants indicated improvements in their parent–child relationships, changes in participants’ perspectives of their impact on their child’s education and the development of new connections with other YFYN parent participants. This study offers preliminary findings regarding the effects of the YFYN intervention among Latinx families living in low-income neighborhoods. Future directions for engaging Spanish-speaking Latinx immigrant families in schools are discussed.

Not your cup of coffee? An ethnographic study on interparental dynamics during parental involvement activities in Dutch primary schools

ABSTRACT Parental involvement in children’s education contributes to children’s educational success. Most schools, therefore, aim to increase parental involvement and organise school-based activities that provide parents with interaction opportunities with teachers, school administrators, and other parents. Although the impact of parental involvement is studied frequently, little attention has gone into examining the interparental dynamics during school-based parental involvement activities. An ethnographic study conducted in five primary schools in The Netherlands shows how interactions among parents shape school-based parental involvement activities (in specific Parent Coffee Mornings). On the one hand, the interactions during Parent Coffee Mornings contributed to increased parental involvement, parents’ network, and social capital of parents. On the other hand, these interactions created patterns of exclusion among parents in what were intended to be inclusionary activities. Knowledge about the dual nature of these activities is likely vital for researchers and school administrations alike.

Linking IEP Status to Parental Involvement for High School Students of First-Generation and Native-Born Families

As educators and policymakers increasingly use parental involvement as a mechanism to increase student achievement, scholars know surprisingly little about the disparities in frequencies of parental involvement for first-generation immigrant compared to native-born parents as well as how involvement may differ for parents of students with Individualized Education Programs (IEPs). Using HSLS:2009, we compared parental involvement of first-generation immigrant parents and native-born parents of high school students with and without IEPs. Our descriptive results indicate that first-generation parents exhibit lower frequencies of school-based involvement compared to native-born parents. In our propensity score matching analysis, we found that IEP status is associated with an increase in school-based parental involvement for both first-generation immigrant and native-born families. We also found that IEP status was negatively associated with academic socialization for both first-generation immigrant and native-born families.

Family Time and Money Inputs in Education and Teenager Development: Interpretation of Social Capital, Cultural Capital, and Shadow Education

This paper utilizes data from the China Education Panel Survey 2013-2015 to examine the effects of family time and money inputs in education on adolescent academic performance from the perspectives of home social capital, cultural capital, and shadow education. Home time input in education is more vital to teenager academic progress than money input. Domestic social capital and cultural capital as well as weekend shadow education positively impact child academic results. Home-based parental participation as a key component of domestic social capital has the most significant influence on teenager academic improvement, while weekend supplementary tutoring generates the weakest effect; workday extracurricular tutoring even negatively affects student academic achievement. School-based parental involvement differs among families of different classes, with a significant negative effect on academic results of teenagers from disadvantaged backgrounds. Due to the absence of heterogeneity effects of home time input in education on academic progress of students from various social backgrounds, parental time investment should be taken as the most effective means to improve academic performance of adolescents from underprivileged classes.

Teachers' Perspective on Parent-School Relationships for Moral Development of Young Children

The morality of an individual forms the basis of personality and needs to be fostered and nurtured. Although morality exists in every phase of life, it is apparent that it is more effective if it starts at a young age and must be afforded exceptional attention by parents. This research aimed to obtain the views of Islamic Education teachers who teach in Pre-schools of the Ministry of Education Malaysia through in-depth interviews on what role parents should play concurrently with teachers to establish the sound moral foundation of children at this stage. The study’s findings revealed that parental involvement was imperative in forming pre-school children’s morality which one could achieve through good communication between parents and the school, particularly with teachers and school-based parental involvement. The conclusions also discovered a need for parents to be proactive in building good relations with the school if they want to accomplish these agendas succeed

A Study on the Effects of Parental Involvement on Academic Achievement

This study analyzes the effects of the type of parental involvement on students academic achievement based on the Asian culture of education, which is widely recognized as being different to the Western culture of education. Based on the research assumption, Progress in International Reading Literacy Study (PIRLS) 2006 data are utilized for the analysis. Using two-level hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), this study s three main results related to the research questions are: First, home-based parental involvement has a significant positive relationship with student achievement, whereas school-based parental involvement does not have a significant relationship with student achievement. Second, both student-level and school-level home-based parental involvement have a significant impact on student achievement, with school-level involvement having a stronger effect. Third, the effects of parental involvement on student achievement do not vary between schools. In addition to the results, some suggestions for educational policy and further research are also provided.

Multidimensional profiles of parent involvement: Antecedents and impact on student engagement.

Parent involvement in school is a consistent predictor of educational success. However, research has been inconsistent in addressing how parent involvement ought to be defined and measured, which has led to varied findings across schools and educational systems. Attending to the multidimensionality of the construct, this study adopted a person-centred approach to identify subpopulations of school-based parent involvement. Subsequently, profile differences were investigated in relation to student engagement and three antecedent variables (gender, socio-economic status, and authoritative parenting). Data were obtained from primary (10-year old; N = 4,284) and secondary (14-year old; N = 3,346) school students in Singapore. Latent profile analysis was conducted on student-rated surveys of multiple parent involvement behaviours in school and their perceptions. Subsequently, the manual BCH method was employed to concurrently model covariates and outcomes on the latent profile model. Pairwise comparisons between profiles were examined for statistical significance. Consistent across both cohorts, four distinct profiles emerged that revealed high, moderate, selective, and low parent involvement patterns. High parent involvement reflected high ratings across multiple activities, combined with positive perceptions of parental involvement. These profiles differed significantly in terms of their antecedent characteristics, particularly, authoritative parenting, and in relation to their impact on student engagement. Results from this study clarify relations between multi-faceted dimensions of parent involvement in school. Additionally, there is a case for continued school-family partnerships among secondary students as students remain academically engaged when parents are involved in school and students relate positively to their involvement.

Longitudinal relations among school context, school-based parent involvement, and academic achievement of Chinese American children in immigrant families

Immigrant families face multiple barriers to engaging with children's schools. Yet, school-based parent involvement has been associated with academic and behavioral benefits for children of immigrant families. Although past research has examined links between family contextual factors and parent involvement, less is known about the links between school contextual factors and parent involvement in immigrant families. Identifying socio-cultural barriers to parent involvement across home and school contexts can inform culturally competent family engagement interventions serving immigrant families. In a two-wave (1.5 years apart) longitudinal study of a community-based sample of Chinese American children (N = 210, beginning age = 5.8–9.1 years) attending over 80 schools in a metropolitan area, we assessed school-based parent involvement behaviors and parent involvement-related psychological processes (i.e., parent-teacher relationship quality, parents' endorsement of schools, teachers' perceptions of parents) using parent and teacher report. First, results indicated that significant positive associations were found between school-based parent involvement behaviors and parent involvement-related psychological processes (rs = 0.36–0.53). Next, multi-level modeling was conducted to test concurrent relations of Wave 1 school contextual factors to all four parent involvement constructs (controlling for family-level factors), as well as testing the prospective relations of parent involvement at Wave 1 to children's academic achievement at Wave 2. Student body diversity of schools was negatively associated with school-based parent involvement (rs = −0.18, −0.17), parent-rated parent-teacher relationship quality (r = −0.18), and parents' endorsement of schools (r = −0.36). The concentration of Asian students at schools and schoolwide achievement were negatively associated with teachers' perceptions of parents (rs = −0.18, −0.20). However, neither school contextual factors nor school-based parent involvement at Wave 1 uniquely predicted children's academic achievement at Wave 2. Implications of findings for understanding and addressing barriers to engaging Chinese American immigrant families in their children's schools are discussed.

“Involved Is an Interesting Word”: An Empirical Case for Redefining School-Based Parental Involvement as Parental Efficacy

School-based parental involvement is a common practice in the United States, and yet there is an emerging view that parents’ involvement in schools may have little if any academic benefit for their children. However, such conclusions are often based on narrowly construed survey questions, such as “Did you attend PTA in the past year?”. In our study, we re-examine commonly used measurements of school-based parental involvement using 130 interviews with parents and administrators across three diverse elementary schools. We compare conventional survey measures of school-based parental involvement with our own qualitative assessments of parental efficacy. Notably, we find that highly efficacious parents employed a wide range of involvement strategies, undetected by some traditional metrics of involvement (i.e., attending PTA meetings). As expected, we also find that efficacious parents were largely advantaged themselves and concentrated in advantaged schools. However, school contexts can play a powerful role in shaping the reception of parents’ engagement with schools—the presence of a Spanish immersion program transformed how teachers and administrators interpreted the involvement activities of Latinx parents. Our results point to the importance of (1) recasting parental involvement as parental efficacy and (2) integrating school contexts to understand how efficacy can be more effectively encouraged and deployed.

Parents’ Involvement in Students’ Academic Achievement in Distance Learning Process During the Pandemic of Covid-19

This study examined the parents’ involvement in students’ Distance Learning during the pandemic of Covid-19 concerning with the school’s policy. This research aimed to explore the private junior high school students’ academic achievement in the pandemic of Covid-19 which was influenced by social factors, such as teachers, parents’ motivational beliefs (Hoover-Dempsey & Sandler, 1995) and home-based and school-based parental involvement (Epstein, 1995). Qualitative method was used to do this study specifically employed a case study design. Questionnaire and semi-structured interview were used to collect the data. 20 parents, eight grade students, homeroom teacher and principle would be the participants in this study. Likert scale and open-ended questionnaire were used to know the participants’ responses on parent’s involvement in children’s education in the Distance Learning. Semi-structured interview would be used to interview the three parents, three students, homeroom teacher and principle for exploring their deep opinions on parental involvement in children’s education success in Distance Learning during the pandemic of Covid-19. The results showed the positives beliefs of parents, students, and school in parents’ involvement in order to influence students’ academic achievement, especially in Distance Learning. At home, parents agreed to control and guide their children in doing the assignments, while at school, they took part in school’s meetings and seminars held by the school.

Parents or teachers: whose guidance matters more in students’ alignment of educational plan and achievement? A comparative study of Taiwan and Hong Kong

ABSTRACT While existing research has well-recognized educational plan as an important predictor of students’ educational achievement, the alignment of educational plan and achievement should not be taken for granted. As plan-achievement misalignment is liable to negative psychological and social consequences, this study aims to examine the extent to which parents vis-à-vis teachers could guide students into plan-achievement alignment. Specifically, this study is set within two comparable cases of Taiwan and Hong Kong to explore whether the relative importance of parents’ and teachers’ guidance would differ according to the institutional contexts of education systems. Methodologically, society-specific (multinomial) logistic regression analyses are conducted based on the data of the Taiwan Education Panel Survey and the Hong Kong Survey on High School Students’ Aspirations for Higher Education and Employment. In Taiwan, we find students not only received more guidance from parents, but parents’ guidance was also more effective in helping them reach plan-achievement alignment. By contrast, teachers are found to have played a key role in these regards in Hong Kong. The findings provide support to our propositions that the relative importance of parents’ and teachers’ guidance may vary by the opportunity structures of post-secondary education and the level of school-based parental involvement.

A Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Parental Involvement on Students’ Academic Achievement

This study aims to examine the effect of parental involvement on students’ academic achievement at pre-school, elementary and secondary levels by using the meta-analysis method with respect to home-based and school-based parental involvement strategies. Data consisted of 55 independent research studies in English published between 2010 and 2019, and accessed through ERIC, Academic Search Complete, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, and PsycNet databases. Findings revealed that the effect of parental involvement on academic achievement was positive but small. Parental expectations had the biggest effect on academic achievement and parental control had a negative and small effect. The mean effect of parental involvement on students’ academic achievement does not differ significantly according to moderator variables of education level, measurement type or measurement area but differs by developmental level of the country. The results are discussed using available related meta-analysis studies in the literature.