Description Scheme Research Articles

Automatic Semantic Content Extraction from Videos using Genetic Algorithm

Motivated by the needs of semantic search and retrieval of multimedia contents, operating directly on the video based annotations can be thought as a reasonable way for meeting these needs as video is a common standard providing a wide multimedia content description schema. Raw data and lowlevel features alone are not satisfactory to fulfil the user’s requirements; that means, a deeper understanding of the content at the semantic level is necessary. A semantic content extraction system that allows the user to query and regain objects, events, and concepts that are extracted automatically is proposed. In automatic extraction process, starts with object and define class for each process in video data. Objects extracted from consecutive representative frames are processed to extract temporal relations. In addition to that, additional rule to lower spatial relation computation cost and to be able to define some difficult situations more successfully is used. Event extraction process uses objects. Similarly, objects and events are used in concept extraction process.

Development of the generalized configuration management process mathematical model in project management

The process of configuration management (CM) in the field of project management (PM) solves the problem of consistency support of the project product and the project itself. The problem is caused by the inevitability of the changes during the project implementation. If the CM processes of specific material objects (project products) are studied deeply enough, the CM processes of the project elements, for example management processes, risks, works, commands, procurement, etc., and, in general, the project itself are investigated only at the conceptual level, and require further work in this direction. In the research, the next step in this direction, namely developing the mathematical, formalized description of the generalized CM process without regard to the object of its application was made. In particular, a formal description of the individual action of the CM process at the abstraction level that allows to present an operation or procedure, or a sub-process in the form of such action was obtained. The classification of actions was introduced, and it was found that the whole CM process can be divided into five groups of actions, each being performed as a response to a specific event. The presence of these groups allows to specify the actions that are executed once, after the object mismatch, periodically and randomly, what is necessary to calculate the performance indices of the process under study. It was also found that the CM process is a set of its embodiments, for which the description scheme was proposed. In addition, the classification of changes in the controlled object, which may occur during its life cycle was introduced.

Modeling, Mining, and Analyzing Semantic Trajectories: The Process to Extract Meaningful Behaviors of Moving Objects

devices leave a huge number of digital traces that are collected as describing the movement of its users or a path followed by any moving object in geographical space over some period of time. However, those mobile devices provide just raw trajectories (x, y, t), ignoring information about their related contextual data, these additional data contribute in producing significant knowledge about movements and provide applications with richer and more meaningful knowledge. Therefore, researchers focus on transforming raw trajectories into trajectories by combining the raw mobility tracks with related contextual data and creating a new type of trajectories called semantic trajectories, then applying mining techniques. This paper study closely the current researches on modeling and mining trajectories so far, and try to investigate by proposing a descriptive schema including all steps that users can browse from the construction of the trajectories to the analyze of behaviors extracted. Keywordsemantic extracting knowledge, enrichment, spatial data mining.

Using finite transducers for describing and synthesising structural time-series constraints

We describe a large family of constraints for structural time series by means of function composition. These constraints are on aggregations of features of patterns that occur in a time series, such as the number of its peaks, or the range of its steepest ascent. The patterns and features are usually linked to physical properties of the time series generator, which are important to capture in a constraint model of the system, i.e. a conjunction of constraints that produces similar time series. We formalise the patterns using finite transducers, whose output alphabet corresponds to semantic values that precisely describe the steps for identifying the occurrences of a pattern. Based on that description, we automatically synthesise automata with accumulators, as well as constraint checkers. The description scheme not only unifies the structure of the existing 30 time-series constraints in the Global Constraint Catalogue, but also leads to over 600 new constraints, with more than 100,000 lines of synthesised code.

A Radical Empiricist Theory of Speaking: Linguistic Meaning Without Conventions

I propose an account of speaking that draws on radical empiricist philosophy, which conceives of the environment as a network of relations. The argument takes the following form: (a) affordances are relations that exist between an animal and structure in its environment; (b) these affordance relations exist even when the animal is not attending to them; (c) these relations are themselves public and can in principle be perceived by an observer; (d) in the case of language-using humans, these relations can be directly acted upon by other speakers; and (e) one tool for acting upon another person's web of relations is linguistic structure. This description scheme offers a way to incorporate linguistic meaning into the framework of ecological realism while avoiding any notion of conventional meaning. Speech is conceived not as the production of messages to be decoded but as action controlled with reference to relational properties of the environment; the function of verbal actions is to influence the behavior of others in ways that are adaptive to the speaker's purposes. It is argued that the shape of the system of relations must result from the personal learning history of individual language users and therefore that early word learning is the appropriate place to begin an ecological analysis of speaking.

Introduction to editable visual object and its description schema for mobile applications

With the spread of portable smart devices, social networking services are gaining popularity. At the same time, emoticons which can be used a primary tool to deliver the enriched personal feelings are also gaining popularity in the social networking services. Now, emoticon markets are much bigger than before since the territory of emoticons broadens the culture and social issues. However, provided emoticons from the service providers are difficult to express the exact personalized feeling. Thus, users cannot edit what they want to express. In this study, we propose a new concept of emoticons, an editable visual object, to resolve above problems. User can edit the components inside the proposed editable visual object and send it to express exact intention. Further, we propose an efficient editable visual object description schema to represent and transmit the editable visual object. To prove the performance and efficiency of proposed technique, we implement and test the prototype system for the mobile device. As shown in the test results, the proposed description method is at most 100 times superior to the compared screen capturing method in the view of transmission bandwidth. The proposed editable visual object can be exploited not only mobile applications, but also various fields such as education and medical field.

SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOR MULTI-CRITERIA OPTIMIZATION OF PROJECT SCOPE BY THE METHOD OF CONCESSIONS

The article describes software "ScopePro" that created to solve problem of multi-criteria optimization of project scope by the method of concessions and to select a project management methodology. Application architecture is represented by component diagram. Graphic user interface for entering and editing characteristics of the project is reflected by use case diagram. The article contains description of logical schema of data structuring, minimum system requirements to run the application, and detailed user manual of the developed application with screen forms.

Semantic Description of Cultural Digital Images: Using a Hierarchical Model and Controlled Vocabulary

Semantic description and annotation of digital images is key to the management and reuse of images in humanities computing. Due to the lack of domain-specific hierarchical description schema and controlled vocabularies for digital images, annotation results produced by current methods, such as machine annotation based on low-level visual features and human annotation based on experts' experiences, are inconsistent and of poor quality. To solve this problem, we propose a semantic description framework for content description, based on information needs and retrieval theory. The framework combines the semantic description with a domain thesaurus. In this paper we describe the relationship between the semantic levels under this description framework. We conduct a preliminary test with this method in the cultural heritage field using digital images of the Dunhuang frescoes. We discuss the effect of semantic granularity on the annotation cost, from the point view of image semantic description granularity, and control strategies for an image's semantic description quality. Our findings show that this framework is applicable to the description of cultural digital image content.

An Application Profile of MODS to Describe Complex Digital Musical Audio Resources

We describe the development of an application profile of the metadata schema MODS (Metadata Object Description Schema) to describe complex digital musical resources at the University of York (specifically, the Music Preserved archive and John R. T. Davies jazz collection). The profile makes use of the MODS <relatedItem> element to create “bilevel” records, in which component parts of a recording can be described in the same amount of detail as the whole. This is useful where recordings contain several musical works and other nonmusical elements, such as applause or announcements. Such recordings may be regarded as historical, as well as musical, artefacts, and we discuss the implication of this for metadata. We considered the abstract model Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) as an alternative approach to MODS but concluded that our conception of musical recordings as historical artefacts challenged the primacy of the “Work” concept in FRBR. We concluded that MODS was a suitable schema for the kind of metadata we wanted to create but that it could benefit from being more flexible in some of its concepts.

User Edited Contents 생성을 위한 동영상 메타데이터 스키마 설계 및 저작 도구 구현

In this paper, we design new video metadata schema for searching video segments to create UEC (User Edited Contents). The proposed video metadata schema employs hierarchically structured units of 'Title-Event-Place(Scene)-Shot', and defines the fields of the semantic information as structured form in each segment unit. Since this video metadata schema is defined by analyzing the structure of existing UECs and by experimenting the tagging and searching the video segment units for creating the UECs, it helps the users to search useful video segments for UEC easily than MPEG-7 MDS (Multimedia Description Scheme) which is a general purpose international standard for video metadata schema.

Cultural heritage recommendations and user navigation in large scale virtual environments

In this article, an advanced large scale virtual environment aiming at cultural heritage promotion is presented. The advancements proposed are a set of methods and systems integrated into the virtual environment in order to turn it into an interactive cultural guide. The platform is designed to provide recommendations, navigation assistance and access to information resources. This work deals with important issues originating from the large scale factor which affects the process of making recommendations and users' navigation. Moreover, the plethora of entities of interest hosted in the presented virtual environment set the need of a flexible and descriptive information schema to keep and serve its content. The structure of the whole system is designed to enable interoperability and provides interfaces for third-party applications.

Emotional Labour and Employee Performance Appraisal: The Missing Link in Some Hotels in South East Nigeria

The main objective of this study was to determine if emotional labour has become a criterion in performance appraisal, job description, selection, and training schemes in the hotel industry in Nigeria. Our main assumption was that majority of hotel organizations have not built emotional labour into their human resources management schemes. Data were gathered by the use of structured questionnaires designed in Likert format, and interviews. The focus group was managers of the selected hotels. Analyses revealed that majority of the hotels have not built emotional labour into their human resources schemes particularly in the 1, 2, and 3-star hotels. It was observed that service employees of 1, 2, and 3-star hotels have not been adequately trained to perform emotional labour, a critical factor in quality service delivery. Managers of 1, 2, and 3-star hotels have not given serious thought to emotional labour as a critical factor in quality service delivery. The study revealed that suitability of an individuals characteristics is not being considered as a criterion for selection and performance appraisal for service employees. The implication of this is that, person-job-fit is not seriously considered. It was observed that there has been a disconnect between required emotional competency, its recognition, evaluation and training. Based on the findings of this study, it is concluded that selection, training, job description and performance appraisal instruments in use in hotels in Nigeria are inadequate. Human resource implications of the findings in this study are presented. It is recommended that hotel organizations should re-design and plan the emotional content and context of their human resources practices to reflect the emotional demands of frontline jobs in the hotel industry and the crucial role emotional labor plays during service encounters.

Beyond Multimedia Adaptation: Quality of Experience-Aware Multi-Sensorial Media Delivery

Multiple sensorial media (mulsemedia) combines multiple media elements which engage three or more of human senses, and as most other media content, requires support for delivery over the existing networks. This paper proposes an adaptive mulsemedia framework (ADAMS) for delivering scalable video and sensorial data to users. Unlike existing two-dimensional joint source-channel adaptation solutions for video streaming, the ADAMS framework includes three joint adaptation dimensions: video source, sensorial source, and network optimization. Using an MPEG-7 description scheme, ADAMS recommends the integration of multiple sensorial effects (i.e., haptic, olfaction, air motion, etc.) as metadata into multimedia streams. ADAMS design includes both coarse- and fine-grained adaptation modules on the server side: mulsemedia flow adaptation and packet priority scheduling. Feedback from subjective quality evaluation and network conditions is used to develop the two modules. Subjective evaluation investigated users' enjoyment levels when exposed to mulsemedia and multimedia sequences, respectively and to study users' preference levels of some sensorial effects in the context of mulsemedia sequences with video components at different quality levels. Results of the subjective study inform guidelines for an adaptive strategy that selects the optimal combination for video segments and sensorial data for a given bandwidth constraint and user requirement. User perceptual tests show how ADAMS outperforms existing multimedia delivery solutions in terms of both user perceived quality and user enjoyment during adaptive streaming of various mulsemedia content. In doing so, it highlights the case for tailored, adaptive mulsemedia delivery over traditional multimedia adaptive transport mechanisms.

Semantic Driven Automated Image Processing Using the Concept of Colorimetry

Abstract Color is the visual perceptual property of humans. Color obtains from the band spectrum light-weight {of sunshine} (dissemination of wavelength versus light energy) interacting within the eye with the spectral band sensitivities of the sunshine receptors. Color classification and actual descriptions of color are also connected with objects, materials, light-weight sources, etc., supported their physical properties like light-weight absorption, reflection, or emission spectra. Colorimetry (quantitative chemical analysis) is that the science and psychophysical aspects of color that describes colorise numbers or provides a physical color match employing a kind of measuring instruments. Ontologies can be used and designed to reproduce dispense knowledge and control the semantic heterogeneity among color domains. Knowledge is collected by ability of individuals and represented in description logics. Thus ontology is a key implementation strategy of semantic research, which provides knowledge footprint of the corresponding domain. This paper presents ontology for using various color categories. The resulting ontology can be used by human or machine to extract the relevant prominent features from different color categories to find out the inter-connection among physical aspects of color model and therefore the physiological aspects of human vision. This paper is basically an approach to automate the digital image processing method using the concept of colorimetry and semantics. This paper focused on the development of semantic information which represents the color domains of the image resolution pixel value. The aim of this ontology is to modify machines to create and perceive visual color description schemes and descriptors that are expressed in web ontology language (OWL) format.

A Scheme for Hydrogen Evolution from Natural Gas

We discuss one of the schemes of hydrogen evolution from a natural gas mixture. The scheme relies on the use of membranes formed by graphene plates containing calibrated pores in the crystalline structure. We provide the description scheme and the technology for calculating interaction between gas environment molecules and nanosized molecular structures. As an example, we consider mechanisms of hydrogen atoms penetration through defects in a graphene plate.

Multi-perspective and multi-modality joint representation and recognition model for 3D action recognition

In this paper, we proposed multi-perspective and multi-modality discriminated and joint representation and recognition model for 3D action recognition. Specifically, for depth and RGB image sequence, we construct a novel difference motion history image, and then propose multi-perspective projections to capture the target motion process, after that, pyramid histogram of orientated gradients is extracted for each projection to describe the target motion, finally, multi-perspective and multi-modality discriminated and joint representation and recognition model is proposed to recognize human action. Large scale experimental results on challenging and public DHA 3D and MSR-Action3D action datasets show that the performances of our difference motion history image on two modalities are much better than traditional motion history image, at the same time, our description scheme is also very robust and efficient, what is more, our proposed multi-perspective and multi-modality discriminated and joint representation and recognition model further improves the performance, which outperforms the state-of-the-art methods, and whose best performances on MSR-Action3D and DHA datasets reach 90.5% and 98.2% respectively.

Petroduric and 'petrosepiolitic' horizons in soils of Namaqualand, South Africa .

Indurated, light-coloured 'sepiocrete' horizons have been found in Namaqualand Calcisols and Durisols. These horizons resembled calcrete but were non- to only mildly calcareous, resisted slaking in acid and alkali, and often broke with a conchoidal fracture. The presence of elevated quantities of sepiolite in the bulk-soil was confirmed by XRD analysis. The degree of induration in some these horizons suggested cementation by silica, and so in this paper the slaking properties, bulk chemistry, mineralogy and micromorphology of these horizons are compared with the typical silica-cemented, reddish-brown petroduric/duripan (dorbank) encountered in the region. 'Sepiocrete' horizons are chemically, mineralogically and morphologically distinct from the petrocalcic and petroduric horizons with which they are commonly associated. Micromorphology of the petroduric horizons revealed prominent illuviation in the form of oriented clay parallel to grains and crescent coatings on voids, a red matrix due to iron oxides, and translucent, isotropic amorphous silica coatings on grains and voids. In the 'sepiocrete' horizons, sepiolite appeared as a matrix of interlocking, sub-parallel fibres while the amorphous material was localised. The amorphous material was silica-rich with prominent aluminium and lesser magnesium; light brown under plane polarised light; not completely isotropic and had a lower birefringence than the sepiolite. The calcite was usually micritic, but also appeared as loose granules and as elongate crystals in a sepiolite matrix. The presence of the laminar Si-Al -rich areas on the sections suggested at the least localised duric properties and so mutual reinforcement of sepiolite and silica is possible. However, the 'sepiocrete' horizons did not meet the slaking requirements of the petroduric (dorbank) horizons and are distinct in appearance to the typical petroduric horizons in the region. They contained more MgO than the region’s typical petroduric, and too little SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; to be silcrete. While the '-crete' terminology provides a useful expression of the cemented nature of the horizon, in order to fit existing soil classification and description schemes the terms 'sepiolitic' and 'petrosepiolitic' (in the same sense as 'calcic' and 'petrocalcic') are proposed and defined. The term 'sepiolitic' would be useful in the adjectival form in petrocalcic or petroduric horizons where sepiolite is significant but not the primary cement. The genesis of the 'petrosepiolitic' horizons is likely to be essentially similar to that of petrocalcic and petroduric horizons, except for chemical differences in the matrix solutions from which secondary minerals were precipitated, dictated by the pH and evaporative evolution of the soil solution.

Welcome to Science Class

You have accessThe ASHA LeaderApp-titude1 Sep 2014Welcome to Science ClassNot comfortable in the chem lab? No worries. Apps can help you wow students with science in a controlled, language-based way. Sean SweeneyMS, MEd, CCC-SLP Sean Sweeney Google Scholar More articles by this author , MS, MEd, CCC-SLP https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.APP.19092014.44 SectionsAbout ToolsAdd to favorites ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Do speech-language pathologists need to be science experts? No, of course not. But using science in your work with students is a double bonus, helping them develop language strategies and science knowledge simultaneously. By using science, we scaffold students’ success in the classroom (which is, after all, why they receive our services!). With “curriculum-relevant therapy,” as it’s called by SLP and educational-relevance maven Barbara Ehren, SLPs can use science contexts to teach the “language underpinnings” of the curriculum: vocabulary, descriptive schema, text structure such as lists and sequences, and complex syntax. That’s where apps come in. Their interactivity provides a hands-on science- and language-learning experience that is simple to plan. Leaf-IDing and chemicals reacting Take Leafsnap (free for iOS), which has been on my and many others’ list of best science apps for several years. The app is an electronic “field guide,” allowing you to snap and “scan” a photo of a leaf to identify a tree. In a recent lesson with a social cognition group, we used this app to emphasize social concepts before going out to collect leaves, and schematic language aspects (such as the difference between a flower, bush and tree). Through the fun experiences of exploration and scanning, this app provides great visuals of leaves and tree parts to develop observation skills and descriptive language. Tying science to real life can also be very helpful for students with language disorders. goReact, from the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago, is a prime example of making chemistry practical and accessible (free for iOS, and Android). This interactive periodic table allows for not only working with categories of chemicals, but also for dragging elements together to form reactions that produce compounds helpful in real life. The “Featured Reactions” tab provides guides to “make” chemicals used in personal and household products, electronics and automobiles, and environmental processes. goReact features vibrant pictures that support comprehension, description, narration, conditional language and even following directions. Stargazing and life cycles Astronomy is a curriculum theme that’s continually revisited, from the simplicity of seasons to the complexity of planetary bodies. At any level, Star Chart (free for iOS, and Android) is a window on the heavens, with kinesthetic learning to boot! Move your device across the sky, and the app uses augmented reality technology to display the stars and planets above. Selections within the app display detailed pictures and text related to topics such as the planets and phases of the moon. Your SLP lens will easily detect the underpinnings of vocabulary and descriptive language that can be tapped with this app. A helpful series of science apps for iOS from Sprout Labs ($1.99–2.99) covers topics from plant, butterfly and water cycles to identifying rocks and minerals. Each app explores a key topic with supportive images, videos and quizzes, tapping not only knowledge but higher-level thinking, aligning with Bloom’s Taxonomy and the Common Core State Standards. For young learners, the Smithsonian’s Shutterbugs Wiggle and Stomp is a simulated trip to the National Zoo to observe animals and “photograph” them. In the process, students follow auditory directions and can practice verbs and -ing forms. This activity is available for free across multiple platforms: for iOS, Android and on the Web for laptops and desktops. And don’t forget the vast array of interactive science activities available at sites such as www.learningscience.org. The many “virtual labs” featured here develop scientific understanding along with vocabulary, sequencing and complex language. Many of these sites are Flash-based but can be accessed on a laptop, Android device or through a “flash-enabled” iPad browser such as Puffin ($3.99. Here’s to many new “discoveries” this school year! Author Notes Sean Sweeney, MS, MEd, CCC-SLP, is an SLP and technology specialist working in private practice at the Ely Center in Newton, Mass., and consultant to local and national organizations on technology integration in speech and language interventions. His blog, SpeechTechie (www.speechtechie.com), looks at technology “through a language lens.” [email protected] Advertising Disclaimer | Advertise With Us Advertising Disclaimer | Advertise With Us Additional Resources FiguresSourcesRelatedDetails Volume 19Issue 9September 2014 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in print: Sep 1, 2014 Metrics Downloaded 209 times Topicsasha-topicsleader_do_tagleader-topicsasha-article-typesCopyright & Permissions© 2014 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationLoading ...

Quantifying uncertainties in marine volcanic ash layer records from ocean drilling cores

Ocean drilling provides a global record of deposits throughout the oceans. An international collaborative ocean research programme was established in 1966, and the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) is the most recent manifestation of this. During each expedition a large amount of data are generated and collected by the shipboard science team. It could be suggested that due to the different staff and objectives during each expedition there would be significant variations in the consistency of data recorded in the shipboard visual core descriptions (VCDs). Use of shipboard VCD data in a global study of volcanism through time required the ground truthing of VCD data, to assess the consistency of ash layer reporting and to identify the amount of under/over recording of volcanic ash layers in cores. Approximately 1400 ash layers in DSDP, ODP, IODP and JAMSTEC cores were examined and it was found that on average 70–75% of recorded volcanic ash layers were present as described, an average of 17–20% were over recorded and 10–15% were under recorded. A number of factors could contribute to this variability, such as VCD format, lack of time for shipboard sampling of every ash layer, significant ash layer colour changes since time of coring, or differences in VCD recording and volcanic ash layer identification and description schemes between expeditions. These findings are important and will allow greater confidence in further studies based on data compiled from shipboard VCDs. • Core descriptions provide a high quality source for volcanic ash layer data. • On average 70–75% of volcanic ash layers are correctly recorded. • Approximately equal amount of over and under recording

One Automatic Control Equipment IETM Making Research Based on GJB6600

The process and design scheme of IETM system based on GJB6600 standard was introduced in this paper, and automatic control equipment maintenance was studied with IETM data description and storage technology,the data description scheme, data storage and query framework were established, realized the conversion from XML data to relational database, and the small IETM browsing prototype was developed. This project had important significance to shorten the maintenance time and improve the efficiency of equipment protection.