Scenic Environment Research Articles

Барвисті емоції на сцені «Сірого театру»

The purpose of the article is to consider the peculiarities of a realistic and metaphorical filming in a scenic environment which is built on cinematic principles. The article deals with the scenery of the Kyiv Gray Theater of Sensual Psychoanalysis, which is based on the transfer of complex emotional and psychological components of human actions. The attention of the audience is presented anesthetized sensually-saturated performances, which introduce the principles of film installation on the theater scene. The research methods combine observational and analytical reviews of the principles of the formation of a scenography environment, providing a study of the scenography metaphor against the background of illustrative material. Also, a comparative method has been used, which is conditioned by the need for a comprehensive analysis of scenography techniques and directorial decisions. The scientific novelty consists in the study of the plays that have not yet become the subject of prehistoric art studies. The relatively new theater, founded in 2013, does not have many reviews, comments and professional art critics’ recommendations and theater critics. His productions are in sharp contrasts with traditional ideas about the filming of theatrical scenes, while they show a peculiar, author's vision and directorial, and scenography decision. The composition of the stage environment is similar to the movie frames and the corresponding transitions between the staging highlight the productions of Gray theater among others. Conclusions. The Kyiv Gray Theater of Sensual Psychoanalysis is one of the most interesting phenomena in the contemporary theatrical life of Kyiv, because its productions reveal dramatic problems from the unexpected psycho-psychological side with the help of the principles of cinema installation. The author's interpretation of well-known films and even elements of computer game on the stage demonstrates the ability to comprehensively comprehend contemporary media art and adapt it to the theatrical viewer.

INFLUENCIAL FACTORS ON TOURISTS’ DECISION TO TOURISM DESTINATION: A CASE STUDY OF CHAU DOC, AN GIANG

The study is conducted to identify the influential factors and to evaluate their impact on the tourists’ decision of choosing destination, in the case of Chau Doc City. The study was carried out through qualitative and quantitative methoads by making survey on 400 tourists. The results show that eight factors influencing the tourists’ decision of choosing Chau Doc city as a destination, ranked from the strongest to the least impact including access to infrastructure, scenic environment, destination information, leisure activities, economy and politics, cuisine and shopping, history and culture, and tourism motivation.

A system dynamics model to analyse the impact of environment and economy on scenic’s sustainable development via a discrete graph approach

Sustainable development is the key factor which attracts managers and scenic scholars attention. In the scenic system, economic subsystem, environment subsystem and scenic space subsystem are the major factors affecting the scenic sustainable development. In this paper, we analyze the relationship among them and build a system dynamics model to simulate the operation of scenic system which can show scenic states in the future. In order to provide workable proposals for sustainable development, we take Jiuzhai Valley as a research object, and use sensitivity analysis to find the impact of quantity of pollutants discharged, quantity of pollutants disposed, and average daily tourist reception capacity on the scenic development. From the sensitivity analysis, we conclude that adjusting quantity of pollutants discharged and disposed and average daily tourist reception capacity can improve the sustainable development of scenic. Finally, Some suggestions are put forward to Jiuzhai Valley managers.

The role of heritage tourism in attracting “active” in-migrants to “low amenity” rural areas

Tourism can influence in-migration to rural areas by enhancing the attractiveness of rural communities and providing opportunities for employment, entrepreneurship and volunteer engagement appealing to in-migrants. Much research on the rural tourism-migration nexus has focused on “high amenity” areas characterized by scenic environments and well-developed tourism and service infrastructures. Many communities in inland Australia, however, are in “low amenity” areas where tourism opportunities are limited to exploiting industrial and cultural heritage assets. This article examines the role of heritage tourism in facilitating in-migration to such areas based on interviews with in-migrants to three communities in South Australia’s Mid-North, focusing on the experiences of “active” in-migrants who get economically or socially involved in their new communities. Findings suggest heritage tourism minimally affected migration decisions. Key attractors were housing, employment, cost of living and easy access to the city. Business opportunities in tourism were attractors where the tourism industry was relatively well developed. Overall, the factors influencing in-migration differed among communities suggesting locally, not regionally, focused place marketing strategies are required to target in-migrants.

Quantifying the Impact of Scenic Environments on Health.

Few people would deny an intuitive sense of increased wellbeing when spending time in beautiful locations. Here, we ask: can we quantify the relationship between environmental aesthetics and human health? We draw on data from Scenic-Or-Not, a website that crowdsources ratings of “scenicness” for geotagged photographs across Great Britain, in combination with data on citizen-reported health from the Census for England and Wales. We find that inhabitants of more scenic environments report better health, across urban, suburban and rural areas, even when taking core socioeconomic indicators of deprivation into account, such as income, employment and access to services. Our results provide evidence in line with the striking hypothesis that the aesthetics of the environment may have quantifiable consequences for our wellbeing.

Application of subsurface wastewater infiltration system to on-site treatment of domestic sewage under high hydraulic loading rate

In order to enhance the hydraulic loading rate (HLR) of a subsurface wastewater infiltration system (SWIS) used in treating domestic sewage, the intermittent operation mode was employed in the SWIS. The results show that the intermittent operation mode contributes to the improvement of the HLR and the pollutant removal rate. When the wetting-drying ratio (RWD) was 1.0, the pollutant removal rate increased by (13.6 ± 0.3)% for NH3-N, (20.7 ± 1.1)% for TN, (18.6 ± 0.4)% for TP, (12.2 ± 0.5)% for BOD, (10.1 ± 0.3)% for COD, and (36.2 ± 1.2)% for SS, compared with pollutant removal rates under the continuous operation mode. The pollutant removal rate declined with the increase of the HLR. The effluent quality met The Reuse of Urban Recycling Water – Water Quality Standard for Scenic Environment Use (GB/T 18921-2002) even when the HLR was as high as 10 cm/d. Hydraulic conductivity, oxidation reduction potential (ORP), the quantity of nitrifying bacteria, and the pollutant removal rate of NH3-N increased with the decrease of the RWD. For the pollutant removal rates of TP, BOD, and COD, there were no significant difference (p < 0.05) under different RWDs. The suggested RWD was 1.0. Relative contribution of the pretreatment and SWIS to the pollutant removal was examined, and more than 80% removal of NH3-N, TN, TP, COD, and BOD occurred in the SWIS.

Gabions: evaluation of potential as low-cost roadside barriers

This paper evaluates the potential of gabions as roadside safety barriers. Gabions have the capacity to blend into natural landscape, suggesting that they could be used as a safety barrier for low-volume road in scenic environments. In fact, gabions have already been used for this purpose in Nepal, but the impact response was not evaluated. This paper reports on numerical and experimental investigations performed on a new gabion barrier prototype. To assess the potential use as a roadside barrier, the optimal gabion unit size and mass were investigated using multibody analysis and four sets of 1:4 scaled crash tests were carried out to study the local vehicle–barrier interaction. The barrier prototype was then finalised and subjected to a TB31 crash test according to the European EN1317 standard for N1 safety barriers. The test resulted in a failure due to the rollover of the vehicle and tearing of the gabion mesh yielding a large working width. It was found that although the system potentially has the necessary mass to contain a vehicle, the barrier front face does not have the necessary stiffness and strength to contain the gabion stone filling and hence redirect the vehicle. In the EN1317 test, the gabion barrier acted as a ramp for the impacting vehicle, causing rollover.

Relationship between Number of Tourists and Environment of Scenic

The environmental bearing capacity of tourism resources has important significance for the sustainable development of tourism scenic spot. Papers from the relationship between the number of tourists and scenic environment between the established model, and model analysis obtained by the specific relationship between the number of visitors and the number of environmental pollution levels. By analyzing the results in favor of tourism environmental systems and components, and accurately grasp the scale between tourism development and resource protection, and development of tourism resources can be scientific.

CANON process for nitrogen removal from effluents of municipal sewage treatment plants

The feasibility and performance of nitrogen removal from municipal sewage were investigated through the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process in a continuous reactor. CANON process was successfully started up with the transformation of nitrogen into gas by mass-balance analysis. For the synthetic wastewater (up to 480 mg NH4+-N/(L · d)), removal rates of the ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen (TN) were about 80% and 55%, respectively, at 1.25 h hydraulic retention time (HRT). For the secondary effluent of municipal sewage, the effluent concentrations of NH4+-N and TN were below 5 mg/L and 9 mg/L, respectively. It is in accordance with the water quality standard for scenic environment with the reuse of urban recycling water (GB/T 18921-2002).

Second home owners' perceptions of a polluted environment: the case of Hartbeespoort

Second homes tourism has shown that the scenic natural environment influences the location and development of second homes. Little attention has been paid to the potential impact degraded environments can have on second homes tourism and more specifically their owners. The impacts associated with the degraded environment of Hartbeespoort in South Africa include the decline in property values of second homes, their recreational place utility and consequently the place attachment value of the owners. Potential knock-on effects include the undermining of second home tourism, which directly affects the local economy of Hartbeespoort. Knowing the implications of a degraded environment for second home tourism may incite more responsible behaviour by tourists themselves in addition to an improved tourism policy by government and the acknowledgement of the importance of the natural environment across municipal and provincial boundaries.

Membrane Bio-Reactor Process for the Expressway Service Center Wastewater Treatment

A membrane bio-reactor (MBR) process was used as a backbone system to treat the expressway service center wastewater. This paper describes the design of the process as well as the operating results of the system. The design of the process emphasized efficiency, economy, simplicity, reliability, low construction cost and low land requirement. The process was formally put into operation in September, 2011. The eight months operating results of the process demonstrate that the MBR process is both effective and efficient in meeting the water discharge and reuse quality requirements (Chinese national effluent standard (the reuse of urban recycling water - water quality standard for scenic environment use, GB/T 18921-2002).

Research on Phthalic Acid Esters Removal and Its Health Risk Evaluation by Combined Process for Secondary Effluent of Wastewater Treatment Plant

This paper analyses the treatment effect of the “coagulation-sedimentation-O3-biological sand filtration-GAC” combined process on phthalic acid esters in secondary effluent of municipal wastewater treatment plant and meanwhile evaluate its health risk. The results indicated that when the concentrations of DBP and DiOP in secondary effluent were at range of 0.41 mg/L–0.814 mg/L and 0.23 mg/L–0.36 mg/L, the average total removal rates of DBP and DiOP were 85.10% and 68.11%, and the average concentration of DBP and DiOP in effluent were 0.089 mg/L and 0.091 mg/L, respectively. The quality of the effluent met the requirement of the ornamental scenic environment water in The Quality of Urban Wastewater Recycling and Scenic Environment Water (GB/T 18921-2002), and the health risks of DBP and DiOP in effluent were at range of 1.99 × 10−12 –2.15 × 10−12/a and 1.48 × 10−11 –1.85 × 10−11/a, respectively, which is lower than the acceptable maximum risk level: 1.0 × 10−6.

The Building of Scenic Area Evaluation Index System on Low-Carbon Economy Perspective

The proposition of low-carbon tourism concept gave birth to the new developing rules of scenic area. Understanding the connotation of low-carbon scenic area and build the evaluation and certification of low-carbon scenic area as quickly as possible, which is the theoretical basis of low-carbon transition in scenic area. This paper builds a concept model of low-carbon Scenic Area by referring to the UN Commission on Sustainable Development (UNCSD)'s DSR (Driving — Status — Response) model, and understands the connotation of low-carbon scenic area from five levels which include development stage of scenic area, resources and environment, emission-reduction technology, consumer operation, policy concept. On the base above, to construct the evaluation system of low-carbon scenic area by choosing four level indicators including low-carbon resources evaluation, the development evaluation, the awareness evaluation and the experience evaluation , which can provide a reference for the development potential of low-carbon scenic area and provide the theoretical direction and the technical support for the inspect of future low-carbon scenic area, the cooperation of emission reduction projects and the establishment of discharge compensating system.

Wastewater reclamation and reuse in Beijing: Influence factors and policy implications

Comparative analysis is carried out on fresh water and reclaimed wastewater consumption in Beijing. As well, reclaimed wastewater consumption levels among various sectors are contrasted. Beijing has been integrating reclaimed wastewater as an important water resource since 2003 to solve the persistent problem of water shortage. Currently, reclaimed wastewater is exploited for scenic environment use, agricultural use and industrial use in the place of conventional water resources with higher percentage compared with other uses. Main factors affecting the promotion of wastewater reclamation in Beijing include water price, reclaimed wastewater quality, acceptability and local administrative orders. In order to stimulate the development of wastewater reclamation, local policies should take more rigorous water quality supervision into account, which will in turn improve social acceptability of reclaimed wastewater. Also, provision of reclaimed wastewater with guaranteed quality entails distribution of quality-differentiated reclaimed water to respective water consumers, and the resulted investment can be supported by public finances.

A Decentralized Grey Water Treatment and Reuse System in a Residential Area for Landscaping and Environmental Purposes

A case study was conducted in a residential area in Xi'an, China for grey water treatment and reuse for landscaping and environmental purposes. Through a dual-pipe system, grey water and black water were separately collected from 6 buildings at a flow rate about 100 m3/d. The collected grey water was treated by a hybrid physicochemical process using a fluidized pellet bed separator as the first stage and by ozone enhanced flotation as the second stage. In order to maintain good water quality in the artificial lake, part of the stored water was sent back to the second stage of the treatment facilities for water quality polishing. From the pond, water was also pumped for gardening and other non-potable uses. The average daily consumption (for gardening, surface evaporation and other losses) was about 60 m3/d. The project was proved technically feasible because the treatment system could provide water with good quality to meet the specification of for scenic environment reuse and sustain a beautiful water environment. It was also proved economically feasible because the cost for water reclamation could be well compensated by the cost saved for purchasing fresh water which would be consumed for the same purpose of landscaping and environmental water use. This case study provided a good example of decentralized wastewater treatment and reclamation for landscaping and environmental reuse.

Phosphorus elimination of reclaimed water by different kinds of constructed wetlands

Because of water shortage in Beijing, most ponds and moats there have not enough water. In some times of each year, there is even no water. Therefore, wastewater reclamation and reuse has been paid more and more attention. Reclaimed water used as scenic water such as to supplement city moats, lakes etc. is considered. In this paper, some experiments were done to investigate whether constructed wetlands can reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration further in order to avoid the eutrophication of water bodies through use of reclaimed water for scenic environment. As we know, phosphorus is an important factor to cause algae bloom directly in water bodies. So investigation on phosphorus elimination is a key object for this study, which is composed of two main parts. The first part is laboratory scale testing to select the appropriate substrates of constructed wetlands among some materials. The second part is pilot scale experiments to find out optimal operational condition of different kinds of constructed wetlands. Based on the lab tests, we found that foamy-brick could provide a good condition for plants and microorganisms. According to the pilot scale experiments, it could be concluded that under optimal operational conditions, horizontal flow wetlands could work well. The results of the experiments also showed that integrated vertical flow wetlands are not suitable for phosphorus elimination of reclaimed water.

Grand Canyon National Park: Assessment of Transportation Alternatives

Continuing traffic growth on roadways in the Grand Canyon National Park is a significant problem, detracting from the park as a natural, scenic environment and generating unacceptable levels of noise, air pollution, and congestion. A 1995 General Management Plan for the park identified transportation as the most significant issue affecting preservation of the park’s unique natural resources. In FY 1999, the U.S. Congress directed FTA and FHWA to undertake a review of the transportation alternatives considered by the National Park Service for the Grand Canyon. These alternatives included light rail, standard bus, articulated bus, and articulated bus on busway. The review concluded that transit is an appropriate solution to the transportation problems in the popular South Rim area of the Grand Canyon because of the concentration of visitors at a small number of destinations requiring motor-vehicle access and the viability of walking and bicycling as modes of transportation within the park that can complement transit service. Light-rail service, which is the preferred alternative identified by the National Park Service, has the advantage compared with bus service that it can accommodate high levels of peak-hour, peak-season demand. Although the lowest-cost alternative considered is articulated bus operated on a busway, the costs of several light-rail and bus alternatives are not substantially higher. The use of transit services by park visitors will result in substantial environmental benefits, reducing vehicular emissions and noise dramatically through a major reduction in the use of private vehicles.

Chapter 13. Methodology for Determining Wildfire and Prescribed Fire Air Quality Impacts on Areas in the Western United States

Summary Colorado has long been known for its scenic vistas and majestic mountains. Wildfires which are common in the summer months can significantly impact scenic environments close to the wildfire location. There are also concern as to the health impact to people in towns and cities located on the urban/wildland interfaces where the impact can also include loss of life and property. For these and other reasons, a concerted effort is underway to better understand the implications of these wildfires on areas potentially impacted by smoke. This study created a methodology for evaluating air quality impacts on both a statewide and regional basis using a state-of-the-art meso-scale meteorological model to simulate the meteorological conditions which correlate with prescribed fire and wildfire activity. These meteorological fields are input into an air quality model which simulates transport and secondary aerosol formation for certain pollutants. This modeling effort makes use of climatological analyses derived from observational data provided by the Grand Canyon Visibility Transport Commission (GCVTC). Locally, the model examines impacts within the urban/wildland interface to the extent possible. The regional analysis evaluates the impact of long range transport on neighboring states and the relative impacts on states downwind from areas with the potential for extreme wildfire events.

Leone De Sommi and the archaeology of the director's workbook

Leone De Sommi is well known to scholars of the theatre as a leading figure of theatrical activity in Mantua in the late ISOOs'. De Sommi wrote plays2,designed settings and costumes,stage-manged, and directed a variety of theatrical entertainments — ballets, musicals, intermezzi, comedies, tragedies and pastorals— at the Gonzaga court in Mnatua between 1556 and 1592. He directed outside of Mantua,in the Duchies of Savoy and Turin, and, between 1538 and 1556, at the Este court in Ferrara, where he played an active role (as a director, dramaturge, and choreographer) in the early staging experiments of Giambattista Guarini's IIpastor fido. Most historians of the theatre claim the director emerged as an independent professional towards the end of the nineteenth century. The Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (1826-1914) is generally cited as the first modern regisseur (Cole and Chinoy 22). The accepted view is that the rise of naturalism and the new dramas of realism (embodied in works such as Zola's Therese Ragni)!. Checkliov's The Cheny Orchard and Gorkys The Lower Depths) demanded an ensemble interpretation with an emphasis on scenic realism. Thus the appearance of the modern director— a commanding visionary in control of every aspect of production, who could visualize, interpret, harmonize all the elements of the scenic environment and express the soul of the play (Cole and Chinoy 25). The general assumption of most theatre historians is that prior to the 1850s or so the director is a shadowy, underdeveloped figure rather than a professional functionary. Impromptu at Versailles{\<obo)'ar\i Hamlet (l601)are cited as seminal but embryonic considerations of the director's craft. Both Moliere and Shakespeare figure prominently as director-authors but with the emphasis on their activities as authors, while the medieval stage manager is usually regarded as no more than a precursor of the director. In fact, according to standard theatre sources, there were no directors, in the full sen.se of the term, till the end of the nineteenth century. Leone De Sommi is generally described as a forerimner or emi:)r)onic

The Semiotics of Action Design

The Semiotics of Action Design Dennis Christilles (bio) and Delbert Unruh (bio) Action Design, a scenographic methodology with its formative roots in the former Czechoslovakia, is, in fact, an approach to all aspects of theatre production. Its theory encompasses not only the creation and utilization of sets, costumes, and lighting, but also the entire realization of the performance text. A highly metaphorical approach, it eschews decoration for its own sake. The term Action Design designates an approach to scenography that is physically and psychologically functional, and intimately interactive with the actor. 1 Its principles and manifestations, however, have been both embraced and misunderstood. Some dismiss it as an impractical approach to theatre whose only validity lay in its now obsolete strategy of obfuscation in the face of Communist party censors—a fine vehicle in a closed society, but too obscure for practical use in a free world. On the contrary, we will argue that Action Design is a contemporary practice for forward-thinking artists, a practice that has moved beyond its structuralist roots and previous political contexts. Any consideration of Action Design must come to terms with it as a current, ongoing method of creating theatrical performances. Although rooted in the theatrical history of the Czech people, it is contemporary and relevant to theatrical artists throughout the world. 2 The Principles of Action Design Action Design is an approach to scenography based upon four main principles. The first is function: everything placed onstage must be either physically or psychologically functional and vital. Mere decoration or interior design tends to dull and obscure direct and effective theatrical communication. Fanciful flights of abstraction, however, can have an equally deadening effect. Abstraction, if not well connected to the dramatic action and the actor’s physical and psychological movement through the dramatic action, is, after all, only another form of decoration. A second principle of Action Design is its emphasis on collaboration. The scenic environment must be created after a rigorous examination of the text in close collaboration with the director. The focus on collaboration leads to a common misunderstanding about Action Design: that it happens magically, and [End Page 121] only if the designer and director have known each other for a long time or they are somehow psychically joined at the hip. An effective collaboration in the United States between Jaroslav Malina and Ronald Willis has been fully documented in the article, “Jaroslav Malina Designs Antigone,” published in Theatre Design & Technology in 1988. Willis and Malina had known each other less than a month at the time of the collaboration. Other successful collaborations with Malina have occurred in Ohio with Joseph Brandesky and in California with M. Ursyas. The subject of the collaboration must be the moment-to-moment action of the dramatic text; for Action Designers, textual examination is key. The object of the collaboration is not to arrive at vague, general interpretations, but rather to allow each moment to speak specifically. The thorough nature of this examination and its aspirations are hinted at by Vladimír Jindra in his explication of the philosophical aspects of Frantisek Tröster’s scenography. He calls it an “analytical destruction,” undertaken in order to create a new reality which would reflect the creator’s opinions, a reality which would be a topical interpretation of the subconscious of a generation and an expression of an epoch. (qtd. in Jindra 67) 3 A third principle of Action Design is its pursuit of a complex, ever-shifting metaphorical structure. Jaroslav Malina, in particular, attempts to create what he calls a “big synthesis,” the collective action of all the languages of theatre to explicate a play’s many-faceted metaphorical systems. To Malina, such systems are not predetermined or prepackaged, but are dynamic, open, and fluid. Not only does “synthesis” imply an open-ended process rather than an outcome, synthesis implies the thesis and antithesis that lurk within it. Here we are concerned with the offspring of contradictory entities. The synthesis (the perceived “meaning” of a form or image) is but another “plus” or “minus” that will “morph” into some other “plus” or “minus” along the winding road of theatrical performance. This “big synthesis” is sometimes called “dynamism...