Willingness Scale Research Articles

The effect of erector spinae plane block on postoperative pain and quality of recovery in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is the preferred surgical procedure for treating renal stones larger than 2 cm. Patients may experience significant pain in the postoperative period due to factors such as the catheter entry site and tension in the renal capsule. Erector Spinae Plane (ESP) block provides perioperative muscle relaxation and reduces analgesic use. In this study, we investigated the effect of ESP block on postoperative pain scale and quality of recovery in patients undergoing PNL. The study was conducted with a total of 96 patients, with 45 patients receiving the ESP block and 51 patients not receiving the ESP block. Following the surgery, the visual pain scale (VAS) was completed at 0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h, and the Quality of Recovery-15 (QoR-15) scale along with the willingness scale were completed at the 24-hour mark. The normal distribution of data was evaluated with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, histogram, and skewness-kurtosis coefficients. For comparing paired groups, the Student’s T-test was used for normally distributed variables, while the Mann-Whitney U test was used for parameters that did not have a normal distribution. The comparison of postoperative pain, as measured by VAS scores between the groups, revealed statistically significantly lower scores in the ESP block group at 0, 2, 6, 12, and 24 h (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.008, p = 0.010, respectively). Our study results indicated that patients who received the ESP block experienced reduced pain levels and had higher QoR-15 scores compared to those who did not receive the ESP block.

Are nurses and patients willing to work with service robots in healthcare? A mixed-methods study

IntroductionScholars have become increasingly interested in incorporating robots into healthcare. While there is a growing body of research examining nurses’ and patients’ attitudes towards using robots in healthcare, no prior research has specifically explored their willingness to integrate service robots within the Egyptian healthcare context.AimThe aim of this study was twofold: (a) to explore the behavioral intentions of nurses to accept robots in their workplace, and (b) to examine the willingness of patients to use service robots in healthcare settings.MethodsA mixed-methods study was conducted. Quantitative data were collected from 301 nurses using the Behavioral Intention to Accept Robots in the Workplace Scale and from 467 patients using the Service Robot Integration Willingness Scale through convenience sampling at three tertiary public hospitals in Port Said, Egypt. Qualitative data were obtained through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 16 nurses, focusing on their perspectives and concerns regarding robot integration. Descriptive analyses were used to analyze quantitative data, and thematic analysis was used to analyze qualitative data.ResultsQuantitative results indicated a moderate level of behavioral intention to use robots among nurses. Patients demonstrated low willingness to use service robots. In the qualitative analysis of the data obtained from the interviews with nurses, three categories (Concerns about Robots, Roles and Competencies, and Potential Benefits) and eight themes (interaction and emotions, maintenance and reliability, job insecurity, role clarity, competence in critical care, trustworthiness, reducing physical strain, and specialized applications) were identified.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that nurses’ behavioral intention to accept service robots in healthcare settings is moderate and their acceptance is influenced by various factors related to their concerns about robots, roles and competencies, and potential benefits they could gain. Patients showed a low level of willingness to use service robots in healthcare settings.ImplicationProviding targeted educational programs to nurses and patients, assuring them with the provision of robust maintenance protocols, enhancing their confidence in the capabilities of robots, and defining clear roles for robots are crucial for the successful integration of robots into healthcare settings.

Willingness of Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease to Accept a Kidney Transplant and Related Factors.

The prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Taiwan is among the highest in the world. Although kidney transplant is the most effective treatment for ESRD, the willingness of patients with ESRD to undergo kidney transplantation is low in Taiwan. The factors associated with willingness to accept kidney transplantation remain unclear, and studies on kidney transplant willingness and associated factors among Taiwanese patients with ESRD are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess willingness to undergo a kidney transplant and related factors among patients with ESRD in Taiwan. A cross-sectional design was employed. Two hundred fourteen participants from a single medical center in Taiwan were recruited, and 209 valid questionnaires were collected (valid response rate: 97.7%). The study instruments included a kidney transplant knowledge scale, a kidney transplant attitude scale, and a kidney transplant willingness scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson's product-moment correlations, t tests, one-way analyses of variance, and multiple regressions. The mean kidney transplant willingness in the sample was 13.23 (out of 20). Being male, younger, married, or employed; having a college education or above; and having a shorter dialysis duration were all associated with higher kidney transplant willingness. Sociodemographics, dialysis duration, knowledge, and attitudes explained 45.4% of the variance in kidney transplant willingness, with two of these, kidney transplant attitudes (β = .61, p < .001) and dialysis duration (β = -.11, p = .041), identified as significant. The findings support the important role of cultivating positive attitudes in patients with ESRD to increasing willingness to undergo kidney transplantation interventions.

Ingroup religious identification and attitude towards intergroup interaction among Muslim youth of the North Caucasus

The article presents the results of the analysis of the relationship between the intensity of ingroup religious identification and the willingness to defend and protect the interests of one’s religious community. The study was conducted on a sample of Muslim youth from the North Caucasus in winter 2023. The total number of 180 participants, representing various ethnic groups of the North Caucasus, consisted of 109 females and 71 males. The author used the scale of willingness to defend the group’s interests (Swann, Gómez) to study the attitudes towards intergroup interaction. The intensity of social religious identity was examined by the methodology for measuring ingroup religious identification (Leach, van Zomeren, adapted by E.R. Agadullina, A.V. Lovakov). The results of the correlation analysis confirmed the hypothesis that the stronger the ingroup religious identity manifested in a young Muslim from the North Caucasus, the more inclined he would be to defend his religion and protect the interests of the religious community in intergroup interactions.

Knowledge, Attitudes, Willingness, and Associated Factors to Organ Donation Among Intensive Care Unit Health Care Workers: Findings of a Cross-Sectional Study

The lack of donor organs is a major barrier to the advancement of organ transplantation. This study aimed to understand the current status of knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to donate organs among intensive care unit (ICU) health care workers and analyzed the influencing factors to provide a scientific basis for improving the situation of a serious imbalance between the ratio of organ supply and demand. From November 2021 to March 2022, 160 ICU health care workers from 3 level 3A hospitals in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China were chosen as subjects by the cluster sampling method. A cross-sectional study of the participants was carried out using a general information questionnaire, Organ Donation Knowledge Scale, Organ Donation Attitude Scale, and Organ Donation Willingness Scale. The determinants of ICU health care workers' knowledge, attitudes, and willingness toward organ donation were examined using multiple linear regression analysis. A total of 150 ICU health care workers completed the survey within the prescribed time, and the recovery rate of this questionnaire was 93.75%. The score on the Organ Donation Knowledge Scale was 7 (5, 7) points, and the full score was 10 points. The score on the Organ Donation Attitude Scale was (3.87 ± 0.93), and the full score was 7. The Organ Donation Willingness Scale score was 2 (2, 3) out of 5. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis revealed that several factors significantly influenced the score of organ donation knowledge. These factors were identified as the professional title and persuasive experience related to organ donation. Additionally, the score of organ donation attitude was found to be influenced primarily by the persuasive experience of organ donation. Furthermore, the score of organ donation willingness was influenced by 3 main factors: marital status, professional title, and persuasive experience in the context of organ donation. Although the level of ICU health care workers' knowledge and attitudes toward organ donation was above the median level, they still needed to be improved. The current status of ICU health care workers' desire to donate organs is not optimistic; thus, relevant departments should take specific actions to improve the situation.

Construction and validation of the Scale of Willingness for Emotional Learning in a Chilean sample

This study aimed to build and validate a self-reported measure to assess the construct willingness for emotional learning to study individual differences in the development of emotional competences. This scale was validated by expert raters and then administered to a sample of 320 adults, mostly from northern Chile. An adequate model fit of the theoretical structure was demonstrated using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The internal structure of the scale consists of two dimensions: (a) willingness to learn about the subjective aspects of emotions (feelings) and (b) external aspects of emotions (expression and recognition). They showed positive correlations with the three dimensions of perceived emotional intelligence and negative and positive associations with the three dimensions of alexithymia. The scale was also found to have adequate levels of internal consistency. Theoretical and practical implications of using the Scale of Willingness for Emotional Learning in the Chilean adult population are discussed.

DEGRADASI SELF-CHARACTER PEMUDA BANJAR: TELAAH SKALA KESOPANAN BERELAAN DALAM MASYARAKAT BANJAR DAN TINJAUAN AL-QUR’AN

Banjar society is very thick with religious values and cultural customs, both in interaction and communication. However, nowadays the value of politeness begins to decline. This study aims to understand the value of the politeness scale of willingness and instilling self-concept of character in Banjar youth and to identify the content of the meaning of will in studying the Qur'an from time to time in Banjar society. This study uses qualitative research with a literature study approach. The results of this study found that the values contained in the meaning of volunteerism are the values of tawadhu, qana'ah, resignation, sincerity, gratitude, and forgiveness. This content can be revived by mengaji beduduk reading as contained with papadah of Banjar scholars such as Prince Antasari, Sheikh Muhammad Arsyad Al-Banjari, and Guru Sekumpul

IMA LI MEĐUGRUPNI KONTAKT JEDNAK UČINAK NA MANJINU I NA VEĆINU? ODNOS MEĐUGRUPNOG KONTAKTA, PERCEPCIJE MEĐUGRUPNE PRIJETNJE I SPREMNOSTI NA KOLEKTIVNU AKCIJU

ABSTRACT The aim of the research was to examine the moderating role of the group status (minority or majority) on the relationship between intergroup contact and willingness to get involved in a collective action with the aim of reducing inequalities of the persons with homosexual orientation with regard to the heterosexual majority. Additionally, the aim was to analyse the moderating role of the group status on the relationship between intergroup contact and perceived intergroup threat. The research was conducted via online survey on a sample of 286 respondents out of whom there were 187 heterosexual persons and 99 members of the LGBTIQ population. The respondents completed a survey which included a measure of quality of contact with the members of the other group, the scale of perceived symbolic threat and the scale of willingness to take collective action aimed at the improvement of the position of the LGBTIQ population. The results show a significant connection between intergroup contact and willingness to take collective action and perceived intergroup threat. The moderating role of the group status was confirmed, whereas on the sample of heterosexual persons a more positive contact with the members of the other group increases willingness to take collective action, while for homosexual persons the intergroup contact is not connected with the willingness to take collective action. Furthermore, the moderating role of the group status was confirmed on the relationship between the quality of contact and perception of symbolic threat, at which a more positive contact with the members of the other group was connected with the reduced perception of that group as a threat in both samples of respondents, but a higher effect of it was observed in the case of heterosexual persons. The results are analysed from the perspective of the contact theory and the neglected role of group status in that context. Key words: intergroup contact; symbolic threat; collective action; sexual orientation

How to win the succession race: empirical analysis of Palestinian family businesses

PurposeFamily businesses (FBs) have a high rate of extinction through generations; hence, it is crucial for their owners to give succession planning top priority. In light of this, the study aims to determine the key factors that significantly influence effective succession.Design/methodology/approachThis study illuminates the crucial factors of effective succession among Palestinian FBs (PFBs) by relying on the relay race model. A self-administered questionnaire used to gather the data; partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data obtained from 282 participants based on the two-step approach to evaluate structural equation models. In the first analysis stage, measurement items’ validity and reliability were tested. Convergent and discriminant validity tests for the measurement (outer) model were performed. The square root of average variance extracted (AVE) and the correlation between latent constructs were compared to evaluate the discriminant validity. The structural (inner) model and hypotheses were tested in the second analysis stage. The research model’s hypotheses relations were predicted using the coefficient of determination (R2).FindingsAs they draw attention from existing and future founders and incumbents of FBs that successfully complete a succession process within the Palestinian setting, the findings offer a deeper understanding of the primary familial succession factors. Where it is important to place a focus, among other things, on familial bonding and trust placed in the next generation, as well as on next generation’s credentials and capabilities, financial and operational performance of FBs, next generations desire to join the business beside the job satisfaction and the financial returns they will earn. Additionally, findings show that the size of the FB and generation, as well as the incumbent’s age and education, have positive impact on the incumbents’ willingness to step down.Originality/valueThe value of this study comes from the following: first, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first that conduct a quantitative analysis on succession factors, the thing that adds value to the PFBs literature. Second, this study adheres to its own willingness scale, as it aims to analyze other success factors that PFBs are not fully aware of, particularly, family bonding and trust, the qualifications and capabilities of the next generation, plus financial and operational performance of the FB.

The internal consistency and validity of marriage values scales among young married women in Isfahan

Background and Aim: One of the important issues that can help the survival or collapse of the family is the values of people. In fact, the values that people have give direction to their life and help them in the path of family life. Methods: This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the validity and internal consistency of marriage values among married women in Isfahan city. Therefore, the research was of the type of contextualization and tool making. All married women between 20 and 30 years of age in Isfahan made up the statistical population of this research. The statistical sample was 300 married women between 20 and 30 years old who were selected as available. The research tools included the scale of marriage values and the scale of willingness to divorce (Dehgani &amp; Yousefi, 2019). The data were analyzed in two descriptive and inferential sections. Results: The results showed that the internal consistency of the dimensions of this scale and the internal consistency of the questions were appropriate. The frequency distribution of the dimensions was close to the normal distribution, except for the dimensions of own family values and peace, which had a positive skew, the other dimensions had a normal distribution. The evidence of convergent validity showed that all values had a meaningful relationship with the desire to divorce, except for religious values, having children, and peace. Which confirms divergent validity for the three mentioned values and convergent validity for other values. The results of exploratory factor analysis using varimax method showed that this scale has 15 factors. Conclusion: Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the scale of marriage values has desirable psychometric properties and can be used in educational and research fields.

Factors influencing consumers' willingness to accept service robots: Based on online reviews of Chinese hotels.

The application of robots in service industry is increasing. Compared with related studies in other countries, the research on users’ acceptance of mid-range and high-range hotel service robots in China is preliminary. Based on the interaction between Chinese consumers and hotel service robots, this study explored the factors that influence consumers’ willingness to accept robots in human–robot interaction. According to the service robot integration willingness scale (performance efficacy, intrinsic motivation, anthropomorphism, social influence, facilitating conditions, and emotion), this study conducted content analysis and sentiment analysis on 4,107 online reviews from 68 mid-range and high-range hotels in Qunar. The results showed that users’ overall evaluation of robot service in mid-range and high-range hotels is positive. The most frequently mentioned dimension by users is performance efficacy, followed by intrinsic motivation, anthropomorphism, and emotion, finally, the facilitating conditions, the five dimensions have positive impact on users’ evaluation of service robots; the influence of social influence on human–robot interaction evaluation has not been found. This study supplements the research on service robot and provides a reference for hotel managers to make decisions.

How Media Literacy, Trust of Experts and Flu Vaccine Behaviors Associated with COVID-19 Vaccine Intentions.

PurposeTo assess how previous experiences and new information contributed to COVID-19 vaccine intentions.DesignOnline survey (N = 1264) with quality checks.SettingCross-sectional U.S. survey fielded June 22-July 18, 2020.SampleU.S. residents 18+; quotas reflecting U.S. Census, limited to English speakers participating in internet panels.MeasuresMedia literacy for news content and sources, COVID-19 knowledge; perceived usefulness of health experts; if received flu vaccine in past 12 months; vaccine willingness scale; demographics.AnalysisStructural equation modelling.ResultsPerceived usefulness of health experts (b = .422, P < .001) and media literacy (b = .162, P < .003) predicted most variance in vaccine intentions (R-squared=31.5%). A significant interaction (b = .163, P < .001) between knowledge (b = −.132, P = .052) and getting flu shot (b = .185, P < .001) predicted additional 3.5% of the variance in future vaccine intentions. An increase in knowledge of COVID-19 associated with a decrease in vaccine intention among those declining the flu shot.ConclusionThe interaction result suggests COVID-19 knowledge had a positive association with vaccine intention for flu shot recipients but a counter-productive association for those declining it. Media literacy and trust in health experts provided strong counterbalancing influences. Survey-based findings are correlational; thus, predictions are based on theory. Future research should study these relationships with panel data or experimental designs.

The Effects of Debating Technique on Science Prospective Teachers’ Willingness to Argue: An Example of Discussion as Regarding Renewable Energy Sources

This study aimed to investigate the effect of debating activities on prospective science teachers’ willingness to argue. The sample group consisted of 27 students studying in the second year of Science Teaching. The Argumentation Willingness Scale and a structured interview form were used as research tools to collect data in the present study, conducted with an exploratory sequential mixed methods design lasting for five weeks for the purpose of examining the variation in prospective teachers’ willingness to argue. The Argumentation Willingness Scale was used to determine the prospective teachers’ level of willingness to argue before and after the implementation procedure. The resulting data were analysed with the paired samples t-test (a repeated measures t-test). Content analysis was also used to analyse the data obtained from the structured interview forms, which were administered after the procedure was completed in the qualitative dimension of the study.As a result of the quantitative data analysis, the debating activities were found to be efficacious in increasing the participants’ willingness to argue. The analysis of the qualitative data, on the other hand, revealed the prospective teachers’ views indicating that debating activities helped them acquirea number of skills such as research skills, discussion skills, and self-expression, and that they would use such activities especially while teaching socio-scientific issues in their professional life in the future.

Which Volunteering Settings Do Medical Students Prefer During a Novel Respiratory Virus Pandemic? A Cross-Sectional Study of Multiple Colleges in Central Saudi Arabia During the COVID-19 Pandemic

PurposeNovel respiratory virus outbreaks are a recurring public health concern. Volunteering medical students can be a valuable asset during such times. This study investigated the willingness of medical students to volunteer during the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the barriers to doing so, considering the possibility of exposure to COVID-19 and mode of contact.Patients and methodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered online questionnaire adapted from the literature. The questionnaire comprised four parts: demographic variables, COVID-19-related variables, willingness scale, and barrier scale. The target population was medical students at four different colleges in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ResultsA total of 802 students participated in the study. A small proportion of students (10.6%) were willing to participate in volunteering activities that could involve contact with patients with COVID-19 as compared to other settings (39.4–43.4%). More than one-quarter of students (26.8%) had risk factors for severe COVID-19. The main barrier to volunteering was the concern of transmitting the infection to family members (76.8%). Registration to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was positively associated with more willingness to volunteer (β=0.17, p <0.001), whereas residing in a household with an elderly person was negatively associated (β=−0.13, p <0.001). Female sex was positively associated with higher barrier score (β=0.12, p <0.001).ConclusionMedical students were more willing to volunteer in activities that did not involve direct contact with patients with COVID-19. A considerable proportion of participants had risk factors for severe illness. Sharing a household with an elderly person or child was associated with lower willingness to volunteer. Organizers of volunteering activities should offer various volunteering options considering the risk of infection; and be mindful of barriers to volunteering, especially risk factors for severe illness and eldercare and childcare responsibilities.

The effects of narrative pedagogy on increasing nursing students' willingness to practice older people care: A mixed-methods research

AimThis study aims to discuss how narrative pedagogy of improving the positive attitude toward older people among nursing students and increasing students’ willingness to practice older people's care. BackgroundConsidering the progress of population aging, the requirement for nursing manpower in older people care is on the rise. However, related studies have demonstrated that nursing students generally have a negative attitude toward older people, which affects students’ willingness to engage in older people's care in the future. DesignThis study applied mixed method research design. For the quantitative study design, we have adopted a quasi-experimental study, pretest-posttest design. MethodsThe study adopted purposive sampling. A total of 87 nursing students in two classes of five-year junior college program in northern Taiwan were selected as the study subjects. The students were randomly allocated into an experimental group of 43 subjects and a control group of 44 subjects. The experimental group received narrative pedagogy of geriatric care course for 18 weeks with 2 h per week, the control group received general lectures. This study was conducted between October 2019 and February 2020. The quantitative data were collected using the structured questionnaire. The qualitative data were collected by individual interviews and students’ reflective writing. ResultsThe average scores of the older people's attitude (F=4.60, p < 0.05) and the willingness to care for the older people (F=4.19, p < 0.05) in the experimental group increased significantly, reaching a statistically significant level. According to the adjusted post-test score averages of the two groups, under the control of the pre-test, the Older Adults Attitude Scale (64.02 >60.22) and the post-test of the Older Adults Care Willingness Scale (11.63 >9.93) in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group. In the qualitative analysis, four themes were emerged, which were negative stereotypes about the older people, myth-breaking for prejudice against the older people, new older people impression for replacement and rethinking for older people care. ConclusionNarrative pedagogy is an effective teaching method, which can improve nursing students' older people's positive attitudes and increase students’ willingness to practice older people's care.

Factors affecting nurses' willingness and competency to provide anticipatory grief counseling for family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer.

To explore factors associated with nurses' willingness and competency to provide anticipatory grief counselling for the family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer. Family caregivers often experience anticipatory grief due to the imminence of a loved one's death. However, few studies have identified factors associated with nurses' willingness or competency to provide anticipatory grief counselling for the family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer. This descriptive correlational study recruited a convenience sample of nurses from cancer-related wards at a regional teaching hospital in Taiwan. The Anticipatory Grief Counseling Willingness Scale and Anticipatory Grief Counseling Competency Scale were employed. This cross-sectional study followed the STROBE checklist. The nurses' average scores for willingness and competency to provide anticipatory grief counselling for the family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer were 44.28±8.36 and 171.84±30.83, respectively. Multivariate linear regression revealed that interest in participating in anticipatory grief counselling for the family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer was significantly associated with the nurses' willingness to provide such counselling. Similarly, their willingness to provide such counselling was significantly associated with their counselling competency. Nurses' willingness and competency to provide anticipatory grief counselling for the family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer can be enhanced through in-service education programmes, including bedside teaching and scenario simulation. To improve nurses' competency in anticipatory grief counselling for the family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer, factors related to nurses' willingness to provide such grief counselling must be addressed. Diverse strategies of in-service education can be adopted to promote nurses' competency in anticipatory grief counselling.

Pengaruh Moril Kerja dan Kesediaan Menghadapi Perubahan Terhadap Keterlibatan Kerja Personil Satlantas Di Kepolisian Resort Kota Besar Medan

The purpose of this study is to see: the influence of work moril and willingness readiness of changes to the work involvement of satlantas personnel in the Police Resort Kota Besar Medan. The hypothesis proposed is there is a moral influence of work and willingness readiness of changes to work engagement. The research was conducted on 70 Satlantas personnel with sampling techniques is purposive sampling. Data retrieval by scale method is the scale of work engagement, the moral scale of work and the scale of willingness to readiness change. The results showed; 1). There is a significant influence between the morale of work and willingness readiness of changes to work engagement. Coefficient Freg = 110.037; p = 0.000 where p &lt; 0.050. Thus the hypothesis presented in this study is accepted, 2). There was a very significant influence between work morale on work engagement, with a correlation coefficient of 0.716 and an effective contribution of 51.2%. 3). There was a very significant influence between willingness readiness of change and work engagement, with a correlation coefficient of 0.818 and an effective contribution of 66.9%. The moral influence of work and willingness readiness of changes to work engagement is as large. 76,7%. thus there were still 23.3% influenced by other factors not studied in this study.

Compilation and Application of the Scale of Sustainable Knowledge Sharing Willingness in Virtual Academic Community During the Times of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19).

With the outbreak of COVID-19, many offline academic activities have been turned online, and virtual academic communities have been further emphasized. Based on this situation, this study took the Eagly and Chaiken’s Heuristic-System Model of Persuasion and the general rules of behavioral decision as a theoretical basis, established a theoretical model of sustainable knowledge sharing willingness in virtual academic communities. Firstly, this study developed the scale of willingness to share sustainable knowledge based on the heuristic system model of persuasion. After analyzing the data of 62 participants, the scale was revised. Secondly, 256 valid data were collected from China, the United States, Singapore, and Indonesia. Finally, the conceptual model and theoretical hypothesis were tested based on the data. The results show that knowledge sharing satisfaction is affected by heuristic factors (knowledge sharing quantity, knowledge source credibility) and system factors (knowledge sharing quality, knowledge sharing usefulness), and has a significant positive correlation with sustainable knowledge sharing willingness.

Abstract LB-162: Treating elderly glioblastoma patients &amp;gt; 65 years with TTFields - a cost-effectiveness perspective

Abstract Objective: To compare the incremental cost effectiveness results of treating elderly Glioblastoma (GBM) patients age 65 years or older with tumor treating fields (TTFields) and maintenance Temozolomide (TMZ) versus maintenance TMZ alone with reported willingness to pay thresholds for cancer patients. Background: Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of primary brain cancer in adults. Around half of the patients in the real-world setting are diagnosed at the age of 65 and older. The EF-14 trial demonstrated significantly increased five-year overall survival results for all patients in the TTFields plus TMZ group, with the subgroup of patients age 65 and older showing the greatest survival benefit from TTFields plus TMZ treatment. We report on the cost-effectiveness of adding TTFields from a U.S. health system perspective and recent literature on willingness to pay for cancer patients. Methods: We calculated the Incremental cost effectiveness ratio for patients above 65 years using TTFields as part of their first line treatment. Patient outcomes were simulated using a 3-state area under the curve model including alive with stable disease, progressed disease, and death. Survival was modeled over a lifetime horizon by integrating the 5-year survival results for elderly patients reported in the EF-14 trial with long-term GBM epidemiology data and U.S. background mortality rates. Data on patient utilities used to calculate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were based on a previous analysis of GBM-specific health-state preferences. Frequency of adverse events associated with TTFields and TMZ were derived from the EF-14 trial for the patients over 65 years. Costs for adverse events and supportive care cost estimates were used according to published literature. Future survival benefits and costs were discounted to present value at a rate of 3%. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to assess result uncertainty due to parameter variability. A literature research with specific focus on willingness to pay threshold for elderly patients was conducted and the results of the ICER for using TTFields are discussed and compared to the literature. Results: Willingness to pay thresholds is rarely reported separately for older patients. The recent literature reports a large scale of willingness to pay thresholds for cancer patient in general. For patients treated with TTFields and maintenance TMZ the resulting ICER was $109,500 per life year gained (LYG) and $142,400 per QALY gained. The probability of TTFields being cost-effective was 85% at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $200,000 per QALY. Conclusions: TTFields therapy, evaluated at its full list price, demonstrated a high probability of cost-effectiveness at willingness-to-pay thresholds reported in economic literature for the United States. Treating newly diagnosed GBM patients over 65 years of age with TTFields and TMZ has the potential to increase mean lifetime survival and quality-adjusted survival substantially compared to treatment with TMZ alone. These results indicate that patients over age 65 may not only benefit from TTFields treatment more than other subgroups, but also that their treatment may be more cost-effective. Citation Format: Gregory F. Guzauskas, Erqi L. Pollom, Volker W. Stieber. Treating elderly glioblastoma patients &amp;gt; 65 years with TTFields - a cost-effectiveness perspective [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-162.

Willingness to communicate in digital and non-digital EFL contexts: scale development and psychometric testing

This study introduces a new scale of willingness to communicate in a second language (L2 WTC) in digital and non-digital EFL contexts. The psychometric testing of the revised L2 WTC (L2 WTC-R) was undertaken with 114 Indonesian EFL students by means of exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The results yielded an 11-item scale composed of three factors (L2 WTC inside the classroom, L2 WTC outside the classroom, and L2 WTC in the context of informal digital learning of English [IDLE]), with strong reliability and validity evidences. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was subsequently administered for a new sample (215 Indonesian EFL students), confirming the three-factor model that emerged from EFA. These results not only validate the existing L2 WTC scale but also expand its scale into digital settings, which will enable future research to consider another domain of L2 WTC (the IDLE context). From a real-world perspective, this can serve as a useful instrument for practitioners to gauge and foster L2 WTC levels in digital and non-digital contexts.