Self-Concept Scale Research Articles

Perbedaan Konsep Diri dan Resiliensi Ditinjau dari Jurusan pada Siswa SMK Negeri 1 Merdeka

This study aims to determine differences in self-concept and resilience in terms of majors in students of SMK Negeri 1 Merdeka. The department is part of the Vocational High School, namely the focus of the field of study chosen and studied by students. The disciplines in a department at SMK in this study are Building Engineering and Light Vehicle Engineering. The hypothesis put forward is that there are differences in self-concept and resilience in terms of majors in SMK. In this study, the samples used were 116 students majoring in Building Engineering and 148 students majoring in Light Vehicle Engineering, totaly 264 students. This research uses self-concept scale and resilience scale. The data analysis method is 1 way ANOVA. Based on the data analysis carried out, the results obtained from differences in self-concept in terms of the Department of Building Engineering and Light Vehicle Engineering with a different F value = 513.430; the difference in resilience in terms of the Building Engineering and Light Vehicle Engineering majors obtained a different F value = 615.864 with Sig (p) = 0.000 <0.050, then the proposed hypothesis is declared accepted.

Sexting, Self-esteem, and Social Media: A Comparison among Frequent, Occasional, and Non-sexting Italian Adolescent Girls.

The phenomenon of sexting consists of sending and sharing sexual images, videos, or messages using smartphones and social networks. Sexting is spreading dangerously among adolescents who share private and explicit sexual content, ignoring the negative and risky consequences associated with this behavior. According to recent literature, sexting behavior is strongly related to the participants' level of self-esteem and social media's influence on them. Our study was a descriptive community-based study focused on the central-south Italian context, which aimed to investigate sexually risky behavior and the main motivations for sexting, and to compare differences in self-esteem and social media's influence among three groups of Italian girls: non-sexters, occasional sexters, and frequent sexters. Our research involved 569 Italian girls (14-19 years old) who completed the following questionnaires: the Health and Sexual Behavior Questionnaire; the Sexting Behavior Scale; the Multidimensional Self-Concept Scale; and the Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3. Our results showed that most participants sexted with their partner, and had a responsible attitude toward sexuality and kept sexual risk low. Moreover, frequent sexters had higher scores on social media's influence relative to the internalization of the body image and model for beauty and athleticism, as well as lower levels of global, academic, and competence self-esteem. Our results could promote interventions in the school context in order to: a) improve awareness among youth about social media use, sexting, and safe sexuality; b) reduce the risk associated with sexting and the influence of social networks; and c) stimulate reflections by teachers and parents on adolescents' sense of identity and self-esteem.

MOTIVAÇÃO E AUTOCONCEITO DE ALUNOS COM SOBREPESO E OBESIDADE NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL

ABSTRACT The present research has as general objective to verify the motivation to learn of Elementary School II students and their self-concept related to a factor, children above ideal weight. For data collection 414 students between 10 and 16 years old participated, among them 74 overweight, obese or severely obese. The instruments applied were the Body Perception Questionnaire, Motivation Scale and Child and Adolescent Self-Concept Scale. The results show that in relation to school motivation, the identified regulation prevailed and in relation to self-concept, it was found that the personal self-concept has a high average and the social self-concept was the lowest. Pearson’s correlation showed a relationship among demotivation and family self-concept, intrinsic motivation also correlated with general and social self-concept. Finally, the regression analysis showed a dependency relationship between intrinsic motivation when dealing with general self-concept and social self-concept.

The Mediating Role of Body Self-Concept in the Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Emotional Eating in Individuals with Obesity

Purpose: This research aimed to investigate the mediating role of body self-concept in the relationship between self-compassion and emotional eating in individuals with obesity. Materials and Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional correlational design. The population consisted of all individuals with obesity in Tehran in the year 2019, from which 378 participants were selected through convenience sampling in two stages. The study utilized the Emotional Eating Scale (Dutch, 1986), the Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003), and the Body Self-Concept Scale (Marsh, 1996), all of which have acceptable reliability and validity. SPSS-V24 and Lisrel-V8.8 software were used for data analysis. Structural equation modeling was also applied to test the research hypotheses. Findings: The findings indicated that the model had a good fit. Furthermore, the results showed that the structural model of self-compassion on emotional eating, with the mediating role of emotional processing, in individuals with obesity has a significant relationship. Conclusion: Therefore, the findings support the presence of underlying psychological mechanisms in the occurrence of obesity. Accordingly, attention to these variables in prevention and designing more appropriate treatments provides aid to researchers and therapists.

Borderline Personality Disorder: Comparison of Two Treatment Modalities.

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two treatment modalities for patients diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). A total of 100 psychiatric patients diagnosed with BPD participated in this study. Among them, 50 patients were outpatients who attended the Reason and Emotion (RIO) program, and the remaining 50 were inpatients who were treated on psychotherapeutic ward at the same hospital. All the participants filled out the following battery of tests when entering the program/psychotherapy ward and 3 months later: Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale, Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (2nd ed), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, The COPE Inventory, and the WHOQOL-BREF scale. The results showed significant positive effects of both treatment modalities on patients' self-esteem, different domains of self-concept, impulsivity, and different domains of subjective quality of life. No significant changes were observed in terms of coping strategies. Thus, the results speak in favor of the outpatient RIO program, which is more cost-effective than the inpatient ward treatment.

SEXTING: NEW INTERACTIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS? A STUDY ON FREQUENT, OCCASIONAL, AND NON-SEXTERS GIRLS

Sexting consists in sending and sharing sexual images, videos, or messages using smartphones and social networks. According to the literature, sexting is related to the level of self-esteem and social media’s infl uence. This study investigates sexually risky behaviours and the main motivations for sexting and compares differences in self-esteem and social media infl uence, involving a sample of  Italian girls (– years old). The sample is divided into three groups according to their attitude towards sexting behaviour (non-sexters, occasional, and frequent), based on the score of the Sexting Behaviours Scale. The participants fi lled out the Questionnaire on Health and Sexual Behaviour (sexual risky behaviours and main motivations for sexting); the Multidimensional Self-Concept Scale (self-esteem) and the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire- (the infl uence of society and the media on body perception and self-image). Our results show that most participants use sexting within the couple and have a responsible attitude towards sexuality and low sexual risks. Moreover, frequent sexters present higher levels of social media infl uence related to the internalization of the body, beauty and athletic model, and a lower level of global, academic, and competence self-esteem. These data could be useful for policy programs on social media use and sexting.

Formative Assessment of Physical Education Teachers and Self-Concept Level of Primary School Children

This study aimed to analyse the relationship between the formative assessment (FA) of Physical Education teachers and the level of self-concept of primary school students. In this descriptive cross-sectional study of 122 schoolchildren, self-concept was assessed using the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale and the teacher's formative assessment practices through the teacher performance questionnaire associated with formative assessment practices whose scores were validated. The analysis of bivariate correlations showed that higher values in proactive FA correlated with lower values in physical self-concept and higher values in behavioural, intellectual, and social self-concept (p < .05, for all) and interactive FA with higher values in social self-concept (p < .05). The simple analysis of variance detected statistically significant differences in proactive and interactive FA (p < .05, for all) in favour of those who had a higher level of self-concept. In turn, the linear regression test indicated that higher values in retroactive FA are associated with higher values in social self-concept (p < .039) and, that higher values in proactive FA are associated with lower values in physical self-concept (p < .023). It can be concluded that the FA of the Physical Education teacher can be a differentiating element in the development of self-concept.

Social Class and Self-Concept of Marginalized Adolescents

The current study aimed to describe adolescents' social class and self-concept at the "Khatulistiwa Berbagi” learning house. The present study used mixed methods combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. The data collection was conducted during the even semester in the academic year of 2022/2023, with 22 marginalized adolescents participating. All participants come from a family with a monthly income of up to IDR 1.800.000 (lower social class). Social class data was gathered using Interviews, observation and documentation studies. While data regarding self-concept was collected using the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS). The current research used descriptive statistics and triangulation as data analysis techniques. The study's results found that parents' socio-economic class has a significant relationship with the formation of self-concept images of marginal adolescents. As a whole, the findings of this study revealed that 73.66% of the self-concept of marginalized adolescents is in the highly negative category. A negative self-concept is associated with the inability to control one's emotions and tends to have deviant behavior. Collaborative activities between parents, teachers, counselors, psychologists, and social welfare institutions are recommended to achieve the self-concept developmental milestone of marginalized adolescents.

Exercise Influence on Self-Concept, Self-Esteem and Academic Performance in Middle-School Children

Studies have highlighted the benefits of regular practice of exercise and a positive contribution in the development of cognitive function. Psychological benefits of exercise have been noticed in the academic performance increasing, the self-trust, the emotional stability, the memory and positive body image and well-being. This study had as main objective to analyse the impact of physical exercise in academic performance of middle-school students of a Portuguese public school. The number of participants consisted of a total of 107 students. Of these 107 students, 55 (51.4%) were males and 52 (48.6%) were female, aged between 10 and 12 years and mean ages =11.19 ± 0.81. A total of 41 children (38.3%) from the fifth grade and 66 children (61.7%) from the sixth grade were randomly selected. For data collection instrument, the scale of Self-concept of Susan Harter validated for the Portuguese population was used, where it was proceeded to a descriptive and inferential statistics data analysis to confront the mean levels of self-concept, in the fields of competence, social competence, athletic competence, physical appearance, behaviour conduct and global self-esteem. Results suggest that the practice of physical exercise for students increases the levels of self-concept, self-esteem and school performance of the students.

Exercise and Academic Performance: Implications of Aerobic Capacity and Hand Grip Strength in Middle-School Students

The regular practice of physical exercise has a positive role on mental health and a positive contribution to the development of cognitive function, considered beneficial to academic performance. The present study aimed to analyse the impact of physical exercise on students' academic performance. 227 students participated, of which 112 (49.3%) were male and 115 (50.6%) were female, aged between 10 and 13 years old, from 5th and 6th grades in a Portuguese public school. The Susan Harter Self-Concept Scale validated for the Portuguese population was used, and a descriptive and inferential analysis of the data was conducted to analyse the levels of handgrip strength, aerobic capacity and academic performance. Linear regression analysis was used to interpret the predictive variables and we calculated the magnitude of the effect. The results suggest that the practice of physical exercise enhances the levels of aerobic capacity, handgrip strength and academic performance of students. In addition to physical education classes, the individual sports combined with the team sports present very positive values in relation to the variables described.

Intervention Effect of Theme Building Block Games on the Mental Health and Behavior of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are mainly characterized by learning difficulties, emotional impulsion, excessive activity, and distracted attention, which have a certain impact on their social ability, physical and mental health, and their living ability. This study aims to explore the effects of theme building block games on the psychological behaviors of children with ADHD, and to provide some reference for promoting the mental health development of children with ADHD. A total of 180 children with ADHD in Healthcare Center for Children from January 2020 to June 2021 were selected via convenient sampling. They were randomly divided into control (n=90) and observation (n=90) groups. Children in the control and observation groups received routine and theme building block games, respectively, once a week and a total of 8 weeks of building block game interventions. Improvement of symptoms, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Achenback Child Behavior Scale List (CBLC), Child Sensory Integration Development Scale, and Piers-Harris Child Self-concept Scale (PHCSS) of two groups were compared before and after intervention. After intervention, children in the two groups showed lower T scores in P and N, and higher T scores in E and L of EPQ; T scores of children in the observation group improved more significantly. Children (boys) in the two groups showed lower scores in discipline violation, hostility, compulsion, immaturity, poor communication, schizophrenia-like, and physical complaints in CBCL. Moreover, those in the observation group obtained significantly lower scores in CBCL than those in the control group. Children (girls) in the two groups showed lower scores in cruelty, aggressiveness, immaturity, depression withdrawal, schizophrenia-like, somatic complaints, and anxiety compulsion in CBCL. Meanwhile, those in the observation group obtained significantly lower scores in CBCL than those in the control group. After intervention, scores of children in the two groups in symptom improvement, sensory integration ability, and PHCSS were significantly improved. Lastly, those in the observation group obtained higher scores in these aspects compared with those in the control group. The theme building block game can effectively improve symptoms of children with ADHD and also help promote their sensory integration ability, self-concept, and personality development, as well as improve their psychological and behavioral status. Accordingly, this rehabilitation intervention method is worthy of promotion, which can be recognized and accepted easily.

Cultural modulation effects on the self-face advantage: Do Caucasians find their own faces faster than Chinese?

The self-face advantage (SFA) is reflected through a faster recognition of a self-face compared with familiar and unfamiliar faces. Nevertheless, as Westerners and East Asians tend to present differences in self-concept styles, it is possible that the SFA is modulated by culture. The present study explored this possibility using a visual search task. British Caucasians and Malaysian Chinese participants were asked to search for frontal view images of self, friend, and unfamiliar faces among an array of unfamiliar faces. Regardless of race, participants were more accurate and faster in searching for the own face and friend's face compared with an unfamiliar face, with no differences in the search between the own and friend's face, and these findings could not be accounted by the cultural differences in self-concept (i.e., operationalised by scores from the Independent and Interdependent Self-Concept Scale and the Horizontal and Vertical Individualism and Collectivism Scale). Altogether our results suggest that culture does not modulate the SFA and that this effect is better explained by a familiar face advantage.

Hubungan antara Konsep diri dengan Kepercayaan diri pada Korban Body Shaming

As a student, self-confidence is important, both in doing assignments and in carrying out every activity. However, most of the students who are victims of body shaming have low self-confidence. The factor that influences self-confidence is self-concept. Self-concept is a requirement for someone to have self-confidence, where by having a good self-concept one will be able to have a self-confidence. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between self-concept and self-confidence in victims of body shaming. Participants in this study were 34 students of class X in one of the high schools in Salatiga who had experienced body shaming behavior. This study uses a quantitative approach with a correlational design. This study uses a psychological scale as a data collection instrument, namely the self-concept scale and the self-confidence scale. The results of this study indicate that there is a positive and significant correlation (correlation) between self-concept and self-confidence in victims of body shaming with a correlation coefficient value of 0.875 and significance = 0.000 (p < 0.05), which means the higher self-concept, the higher self-confidence. to victims of body shaming and vice versa.

Reading Self-Concept and Motivation: A Perspective from Students with Reading Difficulties

This study investigates the relationship between reading self-concept and motivation among a group of male and female students with reading difficulties, also exploring this according to gender variables. The paper also seeks to determine to what extent reading self-concept can predict reading motivation among these target students. The study sample comprised a group of 100 mixed male and female students studying at upper-primary schools in Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia, all of whom faced reading difficulties (RD). The researcher prepared and applied two tools in questionnaire form, the Reading Self-Concept Scale questionnaire (RSCSQ) and the Reading Motivation Scale questionnaire (RMSQ), both of which had acceptable validity and reliability. The study found a significant positive correlation between the total RSCSQ score and its reading ability domain and the total RMSQ score with each of its two domains. There is a significant positive correlation between the reading difficulties domain and the external reading motivation domain but no correlation between the reading difficulty domain and the total RMSQ score and its internal reading motivation domain. Second, the study found that for students with RD, while reading self-concept and its reading ability domain can predict reading motivation; the reading difficulty domain cannot predict reading motivation. These results were consistent both among the group and between gender variables.

SELF-CONCEPT WITH IMPULSIVE BUYING OF CLOTHING PRODUCTS FOR PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS AT UKSW SALATIGA

This study aims to determine the relationship between self-concept and impulse buying (impulsive buying) of clothing products for psychology students at UKSW Salatiga. The participants are SWCU Salatiga psychology students with a total of 40 people. Data collection uses a self-concept scale consisting of 24 items and an Impulsive Buying scale consisting of 20 items and both have met the requirements of good reliability. Data analysis used product moment correlation technique from Pearson. The results of this study show a correlation coefficient of -0.224 with a significance value of 0.00 (p<0.05), meaning that there is a significant negative relationship between self-concept and Impulsive Buying in SWCU psychology students in Salatiga. Through this research, it is hoped that it can help develop a positive self-concept in order to overcome the emergence of impulse buying in them.

The Relationship Between Self-Concept and Anxiety In Facing The Future on Narcotics Prisoners In Class II a Drawing Institutions, Muara Beliti

This research is a quantitative research with the goal to be achievedis to find a relationship between anxiety facing the future with self-concept in narcotics prisoners in Class IIA Narcotics Prison Muara Beliti. The research data was collected using the self-concept scale and the anxiety scale in facing the future with 88 samples of Narcotics Prisoners. Simple random sampling was used as a sampling technique in this study. The hypothesis was tested using the Peorson Product Moment Correlation technique. The results of the hypothesis test show the value of Sig. (2-tailed) between self-concept and anxiety in dealing with narcotics inmates at the Class IIA Narcotics Prison Muara Beliti is 0.00 <0.05, which means there is a significant correlation between self-concept variables and anxiety variables in facing the future at narcotics inmates at the Class IIA Narcotics Prison in Muara Beliti. Furthermore, based on the Pearson correlation value, it is known that the calculated r value for the relationship between self-concept and anxiety in facing the future is 0.453 > r table (0.209). Thus, it can be concluded that there is a relationship or correlation between the self-concept variable and the anxiety variable in facing the future in narcotics prisoners at the Class IIA Narcotics Prison Muara Beliti.

Connecting a health-focused self-concept with orthorexia nervosa symptoms via fear of losing control over eating unhealthy food and disgust for unhealthy food.

Orthorexia nervosa (ON) involves a maladaptive preoccupation with healthy eating through strict dietary rules that negatively affect physical and mental health. Recent evidence suggests that ON symptoms may stem, in part, from having a health-focused self-concept (i.e., overvaluing the importance of health for self-definition and self-worth). Herein, fear of losing control over eating unhealthy foods and disgust for unhealthy foods were examined as potential mediators of the association between health-focused self-concept and ON symptoms. The parallel mediation model was tested using a community sample of people who believe they are currently following a healthy eating diet plan and/or believe they are leading a healthy eating lifestyle (N = 442). Participants were recruited from Amazon's Mechanical Turk and completed a questionnaire battery that included the Health-Focused Self-Concept Scale, questionnaires assessing fear of losing control over eating unhealthy food and disgust with unhealthy food, and the Orthorexia Nervosa Inventory. As expected, a health-focused self-concept was indirectly and positively associated with ON symptoms via fear and disgust. The findings conceptually replicate and extend prior research on anorexia nervosa supporting the transdiagnostic utility of a focused self-concept, fear of losing control, and disgust across eating disorders. Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

Measuring mathematical self-concept in four- to six-year-olds: A comparison of picture and puppet supported procedures

In three mixed designed experiments with four- to six-year-olds we explored the comparability of different measurement tools for mathematical self concept (SC). All participants were asked to perform a picture scale (PIS) and a puppet interview (PUI) in the first experiment (N = 25), a PIS and a puppet scale (PUS) in the second experiment (N = 25) and a PUI and a PUS in the third experiment (N = 26). In all experiments, the order of presenting the scales was manipulated between participants. Mathematical competencies, German grammar comprehension and intelligence were measured. The experiments showed that all of the scales were reliable. In addition, no differences were revealed between the individual procedures for the assessment of mathematical SC. Due to the rather small sample sizes, data was merged across experiments to allow a one-way subject-to-subject comparison of the procedures, resulting in increased statistical power. Again, no differences between the SC scales were observed. Findings of moderate correlations between the PIS with mathematical skills and the PUI with mathematical skills indicated construct validity, but this was not observed for the PUS. When the sample is divided according to median split, a difference emerges in the older age group between PUS and PUI. In general, our findings showed that puppets and pictures are useful supporting materials in the SC measurement of four- to six-year-olds.

Psychometric properties of the French version of the Pictorial Scale of Physical Self-Concept for Younger Children (P-PSC-C).

Psychometric properties of the French version of the Pictorial Scale of Physical Self-Concept for Younger Children (P-PSC-C).

Scaling the Creative Self: An Item Response Theory Analysis of the Short Scale of Creative Self

ABSTRACT Self-report scales have become the most widely used instruments to capture people’s self-perception of creativity. Previous studies, however, provided only a limited insight into the psychometric properties of such measures. This paper reports an extensive item response theory (IRT) analysis of the Short Scale of Creative Self (SSCS): one of the most frequently used scales of creative self-concept. Based on samples from 14 studies (overall N > 26,000), we report IRT parameters of creative self-efficacy and creative personal identity scales’ items. We examined whether the scores obtained in the SSCS depend on the length of the response scale (5-versus-7-point Likert scales) and whether latent scores are comparable across different data collection methods (online, paper-and-pencil, phone), age, and gender. The results confirmed the two-factor structure of the SSCS, good psychometric properties of its items, as well as invariance regarding response scales, age, gender, and method of data collection. At the same time, the items (and consequently—scales) were easy in the psychometrical sense, thus providing much more reliable scores among individuals who scored low or medium in creative self-concept. Longer (7-point) and shorter (5-point) Likert scales performed similarly, with some psychometric arguments favoring fewer points on the scale. Gender differences were negligible (Cohen’s d between 0.00 and 0.01). We discuss potential ways of further improvement and development of the SSCS.