Saveetha Dental College Research Articles

Association of severity of malocclusion with socioeconomic status in the South Indian population.

Malocclusion has been linked to various factors out of which certain dietary patterns and unhealthy habits are the most overlooked. The dietary patterns and unhealthy habits vary according to socioeconomic status. The present research was aimed to perform an association of malocclusion severity with socioeconomic status. This study was done in a retrospective manner and was conducted at Saveetha Dental College. A total of 241 clinical case records of the participants with malocclusion reporting for orthodontic therapy were selected and enrolled for the study. Data on the socioeconomic status and the severity of malocclusion as assessed with the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTNs) index were noted. All these records were collected and entered into Excel and then analyzed through statistics. Descriptive statistics and nonparametric Chi-square tests were performed. From the analysis, the proportion of IOTN Grade 1 malocclusion (30%) was found to be the highest. The highest number of patients with Grade 1 malocclusion belonged to the lower socioeconomic class. Socioeconomic status and the severity of malocclusion were significantly associated with each other. Malocclusion prevalence and severity were more among participants belonging to lower socioeconomic groups.

Evaluation of quality of obturation in 6-9-year-old children.

The effectiveness of root canal therapy is dependent on the quality of obturation. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the obturation quality in pediatric patients of age 6-9 years reporting for pulpectomy treatment. Among the comprehensive data of patients attending Saveetha Dental College, a retrospective analysis of all the patients referred for pulpectomy was extracted. SPSS software version 19 was used to analyze the data gathered. Data were statistically evaluated using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: In the present study carried out, it was observed that the most frequent quality of obturation was normal (12.36%) and it is higher in the 7-year-old age category. The second frequent quality of obturation was voids (6.55%) and its higher in the 9-year-old age category. The results obtained were positively significant (P < 0.05). The most frequent quality of obturation was normal and it is higher in the 7 years category. The second frequent quality of obturation was voids with higher level in the 9 years category.

Knowledge and awareness on neurolept anesthesia among dental students.

N20 omission or addition to the combination of an opioid and neuroleptic is referred to as neuroleptanalgesia and neuroleptanesthesia, respectively. Conscious sedation is the result of this evolution. The requirement for high-quality anesthesia that is also related with speedier recovery, improved comfort, and lower costs all support the concept of neuroleptanesthesia. A set of eight questions was formulated and circulated among the undergraduate and postgraduate students of Saveetha Dental College. Responses were collected and the data were entered into MS Excel sheet and transferred to SPSS for the analysis. Results were made into graphs and interpreted. In the present study, among the students who took part in the study, 36.3% of the students were postgraduates and 63.7% of them were undergraduates. About 45.2% of the students were not aware and 54.8% of the students were aware that neuroleptanalgesia refers to the combination of a potent sedative analgesic agent and a tranquillizer. Many of the students were not aware of what neuroleptic esthetic is and how it evolved. The current study showed that most students did not have enough knowledge about neurolept anesthesia. However, dentists should make efforts to improve knowledge, awareness of neurolept anesthesia for further advancement, and the need for high-quality anesthesia.

Assessment of independent variables of periodontal disease among selected South Indian population.

Periodontal diseases are chronic diseases that affect the surrounding tissues of the teeth and the alveolar bone. As the disease progresses, it can lead to tooth loss. Several risk factors may increase the risk of periodontal disease. The objective of the study was to assess the independent variables of periodontal disease among the few of the Southern population of India. The current study was done on 155 patients who visited Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. Data of demographic details (age, gender, educational status) and periodontal status (clinically healthy gingiva, gingivitis, and periodontitis) were recorded. The demographic and the periodontal parameters were associated using Chi-square test (SPSS Software, Version 23.0). 20-30-year-old patients were mostly affected with gingivitis (25.8%) and 51-60-year-old patients were affected with periodontitis (22.58%). This showed statistical significance (P < 0.05). More males were affected with periodontal diseases than females and were statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). Periodontitis was more common among illiterates (26.45%) and was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The study shows that periodontitis was predominantly seen among males of 51-60 years of age and illiterates. The results of the study reveal a positive association between age, gender, and educational status of patients with their periodontal health.

Effect of herbal and nonherbal dentifrice on gingival health - A clinical study.

The main causative factor for periodontal diseases is dental plaque. The most effective way to remove plaque is tooth brushing using dentifrice. Recently, due to the side effects of commercially available chemical dentifrices, herbal toothpaste is gaining popularity. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of herbal and nonherbal toothpaste on gingival health. The current study involved 100 outpatients reported to Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. Each patient received oral prophylaxis and for 3 days, they were told not to use any other oral hygiene products. The subjects were assigned randomly into the test group (Colgate Herbal) and control group (Colgate). Thirty days later, the plaque and gingival indices were recorded and compared with the baseline using an unpaired t-test (SPSS software, version 23). The mean plaque index at baseline was 1.4 ± 0.6 (herbal) and 1.3 ± 0.7 (nonherbal), and after 30 days, the scores were 1.0 ± 0.5 and 0.9 ± 0.3, respectively. The mean gingival index score for herbal and nonherbal dentifrice at baseline was 1.19 ± 0.5 and 0.9 ± 0.2, and at 30th day, it was 1.1 ± 0.4 and 1.0 ± 0.4, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Herbal dentifrices are just as effective as nonherbal dentifrices at reducing plaque and improving gingival health.

Isolated IgG4-related disease of the left maxillary antrum

A 48-year-old Dravidian Indian female (linguistically Tamil) presented to Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals (Chennai, India) in October, 2021, with a swelling on the left side of her face of six months duration. The swelling gradually increased in size with concomitant restriction in mouth opening. Additionally, there was mild tenderness over the affected area. However, the overlying skin appeared normal. Routine blood and urine values were unremarkable. The orthopantomogram revealed obliteration of left maxillary space by an ill-defined radiopacity suggestive of space occupying lesion (appendix).

A Retrospective Evaluation of Centric Relation Techniques Used in Different Edentulous Conditions for A Temporary Partial Denture Fabrication

The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the commonly used technique for recording centric relation in temporary partial denture cases among dental students. A total of 820 data entries were taken, duplicate and missing entries were omitted. So a total of 665 entries were evaluated. The data was collected from patient records in Saveetha Dental College, over a period of one year. The evaluation was based on the technique used by the dental students, to record centric relation for temporary partial denture cases. The results of the study were subjected to statistical analysis. Data analysis was done using SPSS software version 23.0.Chi-square test and frequency evaluation was done to evaluate the most frequently used method to record centric relation. It was found that about 93.08% of the dental students have used the pressure method and 6.92% of them have used the pressure less method.(P value = .001) and found to be statistically significant. The present study concluded that most of the dental students preferred the pressure method to record Centric Relation while fabricating a temporary partial denture.

Awareness On Current Status of Orthodontic Implant Among Dental College Students

Orthodontic implants have become a reliable method in orthodontic practice for providing temporary additional anchorage and are useful to control skeletal anchorage in less compliant patients or in other cases where absolute anchorage is necessary. The advantages are easy insertion, decreased patient discomfort, low price, immediate loading, reduced diameter, versatility in the forces to be used, ease of cleaning, and ease of removal. This study was done as a questionnaire survey which was done in April 2021 and answered by the UG students of the Saveetha Dental College. Students who were involved in the survey included third years, final years and CRRI (Interns). The survey involved completion of a predesigned questionnaire containing 2 sections with a total of ten questions. Set-1 questions were about the demographic details like their Name, gender and the year of study. Questionnaire was sent through an online forum Survey planet only to students practicing in clinics (Third years, Final years and CRRIs). From the results obtained it showed that 55% of them were third year students, 28% were 4th years and 17% were Interns. 62% of them were Females, 38% were Males. The year of study of students was in association with awareness of orthodontic implants, Orthodontic implants can contribute significantly to being more efficient than traditional anchorage methods besides making treatments more predictable.

Awareness On Zygomatic Implants Among Dental Students

Introduction: Functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of maxilla or posterior maxillary defects is challenging and zygomatic implants have been an effective option in the management of atrophic edentulous maxilla and maxillectomy defects. Zygomatic implants were introduced by Branemark. Bone grafting and augmentation procedures involve two step procedures and lead to economic and financial loss for the patient, thus zygomatic implants have proved to be a good non-grafting option for the rehabilitation procedures for treating posterior maxillary and atrophic maxillary cases. Aim: This study aims to assess the awareness of zygomatic implants among undergraduate students.Materials And Method: A online questionnaire based survey was circulated among the students of Saveetha Dental college and the answers were compiled in excel sheet and tabulated and analysed using the statistical software IBM SPSS version 20.0 and the results of the survey were represented using tabulations and graphical illustrations. Results: Totally 100 participants took part in the the survey and out of which 90% of them were aware of zygomatic implants. 80% of the participants who took part in the survey were aware of the indications of zygomatic implants. 80% of the participants were aware of the most common complication being sinusitis. And the rest of the participants were aware of the other complications that can occur due to zygomatic implants. Conclusion: This survey was done to create an awareness on zygomatic implants. From the study most of them were aware of zygomatic implants, their indication, surgical procedure, contraindication and treatment protocol.

COMPARISON OF MAXILLARY AND MANDIBULAR ARCH FORM IN CLASS I, CLASS II AND CLASS III PATIENTS REPORTING FOR TREATMENT

Background: - Archforms play an important role in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. Limitations for tooth movement, especially for incisor retraction arise from the basal bone where teeth are rooted. If teeth move excessively over the alveolar bone, periodontal complications and unstable treatment effects, even the tooth exfoliation may occur. The aim of this study is to compare the maxillary and mandibular arch forms of class I, class II, class III patients reporting for treatment in Saveetha dental college and hospitals, Chennai, Tamil nadu from June 2019 to January 2021.Materials and method: - It is a single centered retrospective study conducted in a private dental institution, Chennai. The data of patients reporting was collected from the dental hospital management system and the arch form was compared. Ethical clearance for this study was obtained from the Institutional review board. Statistical analysis was obtained using SPSS version 20.Results:-The results showed that there is no significant correlation in maxillary and mandibular arch forms among Angle’s Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion. Class I occlusal relationship was the most common class of malocclusion followed by Class II malocclusion. Ovoid arch was more common in class I, Class II, Class III malocclusion. Conclusion: - Within the study limits, it was concluded that Class I occlusal relationship was the most common class of malocclusion followed by Class II. Ovoid arch was more common in class I, Class II, Class III malocclusion followed by v-shaped and square arch forms in class I and class III and V-shaped arch was more prominent in class II patients.

PREVALENCE OF CROSSBITE MALOCCLUSION AMONG PATIENTS VISITING A DENTAL HOSPITAL

Introduction: When the upper teeth lingually contact the lower teeth, this is known as a crossbite. Both unilateral and bilateral crossbites are possible. An entire arch of teeth or a single tooth may be misaligned. Numerous solutions have been put forth to address this issue. The upper arch will be expanded during treatment, and the lower arch will also be corrected. It is imperative to address the underlying cause of the crossbite, such as respiratory issues or a habit of sucking.Aim: This study's objective was to determine the number of patients at a dental hospital with crossbites.Materials and methods: The Saveetha Dental College's Digital Information Archiving Software (DIAS) was used to gather the data. The information was gathered between January 2020 and December 2020. Patients who had undergone a clinical evaluation were included in the data. Excel was used to tabulate and enter the data, and the SPSS package software was used to analyse it.Results: 1030 patients out of 10048 had crossbites. 5.6% of cases of posterior crossbite and 4.5% of cases of anterior crossbite were reported. Angles class 1 malocclusion was present in a sizable percentage of crossbite patients (83.01%). It was discovered that 89.4% of patients with single tooth crossbite and 79.5% of those had unilateral crossbite.Conclusion: Within the constraints of the study, we discovered that 10.2% of cases of crossbite were widespread, with posterior crossbite being more common than anterior. In order to ascertain the prevalence of crossbite, study is required because epidemiological data varied according to location.

Skeletal discrepancies in patients with skeletal class 2 malocclusion treated at a private dental hospital - an OP report

Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine whether patients with class 2 skeletal malocclusion in a private dental hospital had skeletal discrepancies.Materials and methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective study, and the dental information archiving software was used to collect all the data from the patients who attended the dental clinics at Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Chennai, India (DIAS). March 2020 through March 2021 saw the collection of patient records. We gathered and tabulated the data. The gathered data underwent additional processing, was entered into Microsoft Excel, and then went through statistical analysis using IBM SPSS statistics analyzer v.23.0.Results: The current study used a total sample size of 88950 patients. Skeletal class 2 malocclusion was seen in 0.01 percent of cases overall. The data in this study was examined for the occurrence of different skeletal inconsistencies. Results were satisfactory and showed that there were skeletal differences. A gender bias was evident, with 50.4 percent of the sample population being female. Mandibular deficit was the most frequent skeletal discrepancy, and class 2 div 1 dental malocclusion was most frequently detected.Conclusion: Mandibular deficit was shown to be the most common skeletal discrepancy within the constraints of the current investigation, and a substantial correlation between the skeletal discrepancies and the gender of the study group was found.

ASSESSMENT OF MICRO ESTHETICS IN PATIENTS REPORTING FOR ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT

Background: Patients today seeking esthetic treatment are looking for enhancement of their appearance for improved quality of life. We advocate the use of the term “appearance” in conjunction with the term “esthetics'' because it involves a broader assessment of the patient other than the smile. So, in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning we have created an approach in evaluation divided into three divisions:1 Macro Esthetics—this includes the profile, vertical facial dimensions—in other words—the face. (2)Mini Esthetics—the smile attributes—buccal corridors, smile arc, incisor display, etc. (3) Micro esthetics—the teeth and their many attributes such as contacts and connectors, embrasures, gingival shape and contour.Aim: The aim of this is to the micro esthetics in patients reporting for orthodontic treatment in Saveetha Dental College.Material and Methods: This is a retrospective clinical study carried out at Saveetha Dental College, Chennai. This study involves the assessment of micro esthetics in patients reporting for orthodontics treatment. The data were taken over a period of 2 years from June 2019 to February 2021. The sample/data were retrieved based on micro esthetics , crown length and width ratio, gingival embrasures, midline, tooth shape.Results: According to the study 66% of the individuals had different crown length and crown width ratio and 34% of individuals had the same crown length and crown width ratio. Most of the patients had midline deviations.Conclusion: Within the limits of the study most of the patients have micro esthetic assessment after orthodontic treatment.

Relationship between deep bite and periodontal problems in the anterior teeth in patients reporting for Orthodontic treatment

INTRODUCTION: Deep bite causes a traumatic occlusion, which exerts pressure on the supporting structures with increase in the rate of inflammation and damage to the periodontal tissue. The continuous pressure produces an injury to the gingival surface and periodontal tissues of the opposing teeth in the arch.AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the present study was to determine the correlation between deep bite and periodontal problems in the anterior teeth in patients requiring Orthodontic treatments.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was based on data collected from the digital database of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. Over 86000 patient records were reviewed and analyzed over a six month period from September 2020 to February 2021. A total of 1000 case sheets were cross verified for error was done by presence of additional reviewers and by photographic evaluation. Simple random sampling was done to minimize sampling bias. After reviewing, 1000 case sheets were filtered based on data required. The final sample size was 171 patients with a deep bite. Inclusion criteria: Patient with deep bite, periodontal problem, lip competence. The data was entered in Excel Spreadsheets. And the collected data was analysed using SPSS software version 19. Chi square test was used to statistically evaluate the results.RESULTS: In the present study, the OHIS score was poor in 10% of the patients within the age group of 61-72, fair in 35% of patients within the age group 21-30. Males were found to have slightly better status of gingiva (40%) compared to females (30%). 6% of the male patients were found to have generalised chronic periodontitis compared to 3% of female patients. The results obtained were statistically significant (p&lt;0.005). This study showed that there was a significant relationship between patients with deep bite and periodontal problems.CONCLUSION: The current study showed that there is a relationship between patients who seek orthodontic treatment for deep bite and periodontal problems in the anterior teeth.

INCIDENCE OF SUPERNUMERARY TEETH IN UCLP PATIENTS VISITING SAVEETHA DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL

Introduction: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) is the most common orofacial congenital malformation in live births. CLP can occur individually or in combination with other congenital deformities. Affected patients experience a number of dental, aesthetic, speech, hearing, and psychological complications and have a higher incidence of severe dental conditions.Aim: The objective of the study was to determine the incidence of supernumerary teeth in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients.Materials and Method: A cross sectional retrospective study of, study population will 28 patients visiting Saveetha Dental College and Hospital with oral Candidiasis. Their antibiotic prescription was found. The data was tabulated and analyzed. SPSS by IBM was used for data analysisResult: From the conducted study we see that there was less incidence of supernumerary teeth in unilateral cleft lip and palate patients out of 28 of them only 2 of them had a supernumerary teeth (7.1%) and 26 of them did not have supernumerary teeth or hyperdontia (92.9%), maybe there are probability of hypodontia.Conclusion: There is a less incidence of supernumerary teeth on unilateral cleft lip and palate patients. Since the OPG for pediatric patients cannot be taken so identification of supernumerary teeth is difficult.

Esthetics using monolithic zirconia and hand-layered zirconia fixed partial denture.

Edentulism and dental disease have a major effect on the standard of lifetime of patients. Fixed partial dentures have become the treatment of choice for many people for the replacement of edentulous space in the oral cavity. Therefore, it is of interest to correlate and compare the esthetics between monolithic zirconia and hand layered zirconia among fixed partial dentures in Saveetha Dental College. 100 patients who monolithic zirconia and hand layered zirconia had fixed partial dentures were included within the study. Pink and white esthetic scores were evaluated. Data collected were entered in SPSS and analyzed through Chi square test. It was observed that hand layered zirconia have better white esthetic score (p<0.000) and pink esthetic score (p<0.003) when compared to monolithic zirconia fixed partial dentures, which were statistically significant. It was concluded that hand layered zirconia fixed partial dentures have better esthetics than monolithic zirconia fixed partial dentures.

A questionnaire survey of dental students' attitude toward denture cleansing

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the dental students’ attitude and preference toward denture cleansing methods using a questionnaire survey. Materials and Methods: This survey was conducted on 200 undergraduate dental students of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of questions regarding students’ opinions, viewpoints, and recommendations about denture cleansing routines. Results: A total of 200 students studying in final year and interns were reviewed in thisstudy. About 78% of students felt denture hygiene is important to maintain esthetics and longevity of the denture. In the present study, 63% of the patients recommended mechanical method, 35% combination, and 2% chemical method. Regarding the frequency of denture cleansing, 40% of students recommended denture cleansing more than thrice a day, 37% recommended twice a day, and 23% once a day. This study reveals only 10% of students were aware of commercially available brands of cleansers in the market, 3% were aware of side effects, andonly 2% were aware of recent advanced methods of denture cleansing. Conclusion: Despite having theoretical knowledge, most of students do not give importance to proper denture hygiene maintenance in patients. As dental professional students must take responsibility for their patients’ health even after treatment, students should update themselves about new materials available in the market to create the denture hygiene practice efficient among the patients.

Perception of orthodontics

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the factors that influence the desire for orthodontic treatment among outpatients of Saveetha Dental College. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was prepared and handed out to 100 random outpatients of Saveetha Dental College. The questionnaire contained four questions, of which the last one pertained to the reason for not undergoing orthodontic treatment. Results: Of 100 people, 23% were not aware of the treatment options available, 16% were not interested, 14% felt they did not have time to spare, 14% said they would start treatment soon, 11% felt they could not afford the treatment, 9% were satisfied with their appearance and did not feel the need to undergo any treatments, 5% had fear of dentists, 4% had a fear of pain, 3% felt they were too old to start any treatment now, and 1% felt it would cause discomfort while eating. Conclusion: From the above study, it can be concluded that lack of awareness is the main factor that keeps people away from undergoing orthodontic treatment. Self-perception of orthodontic treatment motivated only a small percentage of the study population.

Analysis of various accessory foramina in mandible

Introduction: The unnamed openings present in mandible are called accessory foramina. The distribution and importance of these foramina are variable, as they may serve as a conduct for nerve fibres or blood vessels. They may be important for dental surgeon and anaesthetists in performing complete nerve block and avoiding injury to the transverse get neurovascular structures. Materials &amp; Methods: In the present study a total of 50 dry human mandibles of unknown sex and without any gross abnormality were collected from the Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College, Chennai for evaluation. With the help of Vernier Calliper and Ruler, the measurements like the length, breadth and diameter of sacral hiatus will be measured. The results obtained were analysed, tabulated and represented graphically. Results: The Accessory foramina on the internal surface of the mandible was examined.Frequency of accessory mandibular foramen in 0.5mm is 40% ,in 1.0mm is 18%, in 1.5mm is 9%. Frequency of accessory mental foramen and frequency of accessory retromolar foramen in 0.25mm is 20% and 9% respectively.Conclusion: The accessory foramina transmitting during nerve block.

Root canal morphology of mandibular premolars

The root canal system is complex and the canal may branch, divide and rejoin taking various pathways to the apex.One of the predominant causes of the failure of root canal treatment in mandibular premolars is due to the variations in root canal anatomy. The aim of this study was to survey the root canal morphology of mandibular first and second premolar teeth in a South Indian population using CBCT analysis.The sample included 150 CBCT images comprising mandibular first premolars and second premolars were collected from Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals.The study showed that Type 1(1-1) vertucci classification is seen in most of the mandibular first and second premolars.Within the limits of this study, Type I [1-1] Vertucci's classification is seen in most of the first premolar and second premolars.It can be concluded from the results of this study that mandibular first and second premolar teeth present a wide variety of radicular features, with one root and one canal being found in majority of cases.