Saturated Domain Research Articles

Darcy–Forchheimer gravity currents in porous media

We theoretically and experimentally study gravity currents of a Newtonian fluid advancing in a two-dimensional, infinite and saturated porous domain over a horizontal impermeable bed. The driving force is due to the density difference between the denser flowing fluid and the lighter, immobile ambient fluid. The current is taken to be in the Darcy–Forchheimer regime, where a term quadratic in the seepage velocity accounts for inertial contributions to the resistance. The volume of fluid of the current varies as a function of time as $\sim T^{\gamma }$ , where the exponent parameterizes the case of constant volume subject to dam break ( $\gamma =0$ ), of constant ( $\gamma =1$ ), waning ( $\gamma <1$ ) and waxing inflow rate ( $\gamma >1$ ). The nonlinear governing equations, developed within the lubrication theory, admit self-similar solutions for some combinations of the parameters involved and for two limiting conditions of low and high local Forchheimer number, a dimensionless quantity involving the local slope of the current profile. Another parameter $N$ expresses the relative importance of the nonlinear term in Darcy–Forchheimer's law; values of $N$ in practical applications may vary in a large interval around unity, e.g. $N\in [10^{-5},10^{2}]$ ; in our experiments, $N\in [2.8,64]$ . Sixteen experiments with three different grain sizes of the porous medium and different inflow rates corroborate the theory: the experimental nose speed and current profiles are in good agreement with the theory. Moreover, the asymptotic behaviour of the self-similar solutions is in excellent agreement with the numerical results of the direct integration of the full problem, confirming the validity of a relatively simple one-dimensional model.

Reconfigurable magnonic crystals: Spin wave propagation in Pt/Co multilayer in saturated and stripe domain phase

To control the spin wave (SW) propagation, external energy sources such as magnetic fields, electric currents, or complex nanopatterning are used, which can be challenging at the deep nanoscale level. In this work, we overcome such limitations by demonstrating SW propagation in Pt/Co multilayers at a remanent state controlled by stripe domain patterns, using Brillouin light scattering and micromagnetic simulations. We show that parallel stripes with a periodicity around 100 nm exhibit reconfigurability, as the stripes can be rotated by applying the in-plane field without damaging their shape. This allows us to study SW propagation perpendicular and parallel to the stripes. We observe multimodal SW spectra—three bands in perpendicular and five in parallel geometry. Numerical results allow us to identify all observed modes and to explain the differences between two configurations by the unequal contribution of all three magnetization components in the SW dynamics. We find that the experimentally measured non-reciprocal dispersion (for the wavevector perpendicular to the stripes) is not the breaking of time-symmetry but the asymmetry in intensity of the measured signals of two different low-frequency modes, which is due to the inhomogeneous SW amplitude distribution over the multilayer thickness and the limited light penetration depth. Our results pave the way for easy reprogrammability and high energy efficiency in nanomagnonics.

Depinning of domain walls in a notched ferromagnetic nanostrip: role of inertial and nonlinear damping effects

Abstract In this work, we investigate theoretically the static and kinetic depinning field of a domain wall in a notched magnetic nanostrip under the generalized framework of the Landau–Lifshitz-Gilbert equation, which combines inertial and nonlinear viscous-dry friction damping effects. We assume a head-to-head transverse domain wall configuration and analyzed its motion subject to a time-varying external magnetic field. To deduce the equation ruling the spatio-temporal evoution of the magnetic domain wall, we adopt the Schryer and Walker trial function approach. The results show that static and kinetic depinning fields increase as the dry friction dissipation increases. Moreover, viscous dissipation exhibits a weak dependence on the kinetic depinning field and saturated domain wall velocity, while inertial damping due to the relaxation time of angular momentum significantly impacts the kinetic depinning field, depinning time, and breakdown velocity. Our numerical results are in good qualitative agreement with the recent observations reported in the literature.

The U1-70K and SRSF1 interaction is modulated by phosphorylation during the early stages of spliceosome assembly.

In eukaryotes, pre-mRNA splicing is vital for RNA processing and orchestrated by the spliceosome, whose assembly starts with the interaction between U1-70K and SR proteins. Despite the significance of the U1-70K/SR interaction, the dynamic nature of the complex and the challenges in obtaining soluble U1-70K have impeded a comprehensive understanding of the interaction at the structural level for decades. We overcome the U1-70K solubility issues, enabling us to characterize the interaction between U1-70K and SRSF1, a representative SR protein. We unveil specific interactions: phosphorylated SRSF1 RS with U1-70K BAD1, and SRSF1 RRM1 with U1-70K RRM. The RS/BAD1 interaction plays a dominant role, whereas the interaction between the RRM domains further enhances the stability of the U1-70K/SRSF1 complex. The RRM interaction involves the C-terminal extension of U1-70K RRM and the conserved acid patches on SRSF1 RRM1 that is involved in SRSF1 phase separation. Our circular dichroism spectra reveal that BAD1 adapts an α-helical conformation and RS is intrinsically disordered. Intriguingly, BAD1 undergoes a conformation switch from α-helix to β-strand and random coil upon RS binding. In addition to the regulatory mechanism via SRSF1 phosphorylation, the U1-70K/SRSF1 interaction is also regulated by U1-70K BAD1 phosphorylation. We find that U1-70K phosphorylation inhibits the U1-70K and SRSF1 interaction. Our structural findings are validated through in vitro splicing assays and in-cell saturated domain scanning using the CRISPR method, providing new insights into the intricate regulatory mechanisms of pre-mRNA splicing.

The underground performance analysis of compressed air energy storage in aquifers through field testing

Compressed air energy storage in aquifers (CAESA) has been considered a potential large-scale energy storage technology. However, due to the lack of actual field tests, research on the underground processes is still in the stage of theoretical analysis and requires further understanding. In this study, the first kilometer depth compressed air injection-production field test with multiple flat aquifers is controlled. For all three production rates considered, the minimum pressure drop rate can reach 0.9 MPa/h. An actual wellbore-aquifer-coupled numerical model simulated by T2Well/EOS3 is verified using monitoring data. Due to the limitation imposed by the injection rate, air only flows into the top three sandstone aquifers to build air bubbles. During the production stage, air is first produced from the aquifers and then the air stored in the wellbore is gradually extracted due to the weakened air bubble support effect. Finally, an air-water two-phase occurs and the water level rises in the wellbore. Considering a hypothetical long-term cycle, the designed single aquifer scheme has a better underground performance. A concentrated and larger high air saturation domain can support a stable cycle pressure and above 95% underground efficiency. However, the wellhead pressure drops once water coning happens in the wellbore. With an air bubble replenishment scheme in each cycle, it becomes feasible to maintain stable pressure, ensuring a production pressure difference below 0.94 MPa without water production, over a 100-day cycle in the field. The results provide support for future practical engineering applications.

Acoustic sensor based on a PVDF-TrFE/BTO composite structure with improved ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties

Ferroelectric composite structures of poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene)/ barium titanate (PVDF-TrFE/BTO) were prepared using a solvent casting method and altered using electrical and mechanical modes to improve their ferroelectric characteristics. The PFM and P-E loop analytic studies validated the enhanced ferroelectric and piezoelectric capabilities of the modified composite structures following mechanical stretching and electrical poling. The stretched and poled samples (PT-BT-s-p) were able to achieve a maximum saturated polarization of 5.98 µC/cm2 with suitable saturation loops and domain switching points. The presence of ferroelectric domains was further confirmed by the PFM amplitude and PFM phase graphs of the PT-BT-s-p composite structures. Furthermore, the suggested composite structure achieved a maximum piezoelectric coefficient (d33) value of 11 pC/N. Finally, a lab-scale experiment with a sound wave sensing application was performed and seen with superior outcomes with varying waveforms, amplitudes, and frequencies, making it a promising contender for future sensory devices.

Extended analysis of benchmarks for gas phase appearance in low-permeable rocks

This manuscript presents a comprehensive study on the numerical simulation of gas transport in clay rock using the finite-element method, with a specific focus on the transition of the transport regime from single-phase to two-phase conditions. Our code demonstrates the capability to cover this transition seamlessly, without relying on common approaches such as the use of persistent primary variables or the switching of primary variables. In our simulations, the primary variables are gas pressure, capillary pressure, temperature, and displacement of the solid phase. To validate our approach, two benchmark tests were conducted. The first benchmark replicates a well-known scenario in the field of radioactive waste disposal, where gas injection induces a transition from single-phase to two-phase flow. The second benchmark simulates a core drilling experiment, where the mechanical unloading of a fully saturated domain results in the appearance of a gas phase. In addition to analyzing primary quantities, a comprehensive set of secondary variables was introduced to gain deeper insights into the model’s operation and enhance understanding of the underlying processes. By plotting these secondary variables alongside the primary quantities, a comprehensive understanding of the system’s behavior during the transition of flow regimes was obtained. The primary objective of this work is to improve our understanding and confidence in the model used for simulating large repository systems, particularly in the context of nuclear waste disposal and CO2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$_2$$\\end{document} storage. By successfully capturing the transition from single-phase to two-phase gas transport, our study provides valuable insights into the behavior of gas in clay rock. This enhanced understanding lays the groundwork for utilizing the model effectively in large-scale repository simulations, contributing to the advancement of the field of gas transport in clay rock.

Inter-Facility Evaluation of Machine Learning Based Deep Hematopoietic Cell Classifiers for Cytological Evaluation of Hematopoiesis

Introduction: Cytology, histology, flow cytometry, cytogenetics and molecular genetics are the cornerstones of diagnosis in hematology. Cytological evaluation of blood and bone marrow is performed by trained experts. However, this task is time consuming and subject to inter- and intra-rater variability. Several studies proposed processing pipelines for peripheral blood and bone marrow smears. Deep learning approaches by neural networks have been evaluated for automated classification of blood and bone marrow cells. Nevertheless, issues concerning the evaluation methodology with respect to real-world applicability remain, e.g., accuracy of designation of cell types, differences in staining and imaging protocols, dataset splitting, number of cell types as well as hierarchy and selection of regions of interest. Methods: We present a slide and facility cross-validated evaluation of machine-learning based automated hematopoietic cell classifiers of bone marrow smears. The analysis is based on the DenseNet121 and ResNet152 architectures of our own database collected at University Hospital RWTH Aachen consisting of 11,899 labeled objects from 24 different classes collected from 6 different patients. In addition, we analyzed 3 publicly available bone marrow and blood cell datasets for staining, color variability and other quality parameters. Coupled with cross-validation we employed model ensembling, augmentation, normalization, and pseudo-labeling to train domain-adapted models for each dataset. Our evaluations are contrasted by an inter-rater analysis performed on a subset of our labeled granulocytic cell line data. Results: A review of performance scores from related works in the field revealed that Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures were used in all analyses, except for Krappe et al. where a tree of polynomial classifiers was employed. Only one publication used slide cross validation (SCV) und the number of cell classes applied was variable as well as the number of cells annotated by experts and used for analysis. Different numbers of cell classes were defined. Accuracy of cell classification was also variable, and F-scores were used to improve interpretation of results also for small cell populations. Fig 1 shows Facility cross-validation results for baseline evaluation (pink) and new model training considering brightness, contrast, saturation, and hue (gold) with DensNet and ResNet CNN for granulopoiesis divided into 5 classes of cells. Dark bars indicate bagging performance. X-axes indicate the evaluation data set. Green shaded regions denote the lower bound for optimal performance, red shaded regions show the upper bound for worst performance. The variations in smear preparation, fixation, and embedding as well as the usage of different staining protocols and scanning devices lead to biases in data collected from different sites. Accuracies of in 13-, 8- and 5-class cross-validation setups were obtained when using different amounts of available data each. Incorporating confusion tolerance fields (one-class difference in granulocytic precursors) yields accuracies of , whilst classifier ensembling increases performance scores similarly well to training on larger combined datasets. The interrater accuracy of experts was 96 % when the one-class difference was applied as confusion tolerance. Conclusion: Deep neural network models as suggested here are most sensitive to color augmentations in the domain of brightness, contrast, hue, and saturation. If configured properly, respective augmentations increase performance scores significantly. However, if not accounted for, the models experience severe performance drops when evaluated on slide data from other sites. Enlarging the corpus of training data via pseudo-labeling improves results only slightly, whilst normalization approaches are outperformed by color augmentation strategies. Even though, our results show inferior accuracy by deep learning approaches compared to medical experts. Deep neural network approaches will become the platform for automated cytological analysis of blood and bone marrow smears in the future. However, harmonization of preanalytical and technical aspects will be necessary to improve accuracy of cell classification and further extension for recognition of specific morphological abnormalities e.g., dysplasia, will be necessary.

Heat and mass transfer analysis of nonmiscible couple stress fluid in a porous saturated channel

The present flow problem analyzes the impact of radiative heat and mass transfer with inclined magnetic field on thermal exchange and entropy production of two immiscible nature of electrically conducting couple stress fluid in a static porous saturated conduit. In this model, the lower and upper porous regions of the rectangular channel are occupied by two different types of couple stress fluids. The static horizontal parallel plates of the porous duct are completely isothermal and the flow of immiscible fluid through the porous duct develops because of a constant pressure gradient at the entry zone of the duct. The Brinkman model is utilized in the modeling of fluid flow through porous saturated domain and Rosseland’s approximation is utilized to compute the radiative thermal exchange effect on nonmiscible couple stress fluid. In this work, authors have analyzed the effect of various thermo-physical parameters such as the Hartmann number (Ha), permeability parameter (Da), Schmidt number (Sc), Soret number (Sr) and couple stress parameter ([Formula: see text]) on the entropy generation characteristics, Bejan number distribution, thermal behavior, concentration distribution and flow characteristics of immiscible couple stress fluid which passes through the porous channel. The parameters Ha, Da, [Formula: see text], Sc, Sr correspond to magnetic field effect, permeability of porous media, couple stress, mass diffusion and thermal diffusion, respectively. The most significant findings of this research work are as follows: • In a porous saturated channel, the immiscible couple stress fluid velocity, entropy production number and thermal profile get enhanced on increasing the couple stress parameter. • On increasing the Hartmann number and decreasing the permeability of porous region, the thermal properties and entropy production number both decrease. • The couple stress fluid’s concentration field and Bejan number distribution get decreased on enhancing Soret number Sr and Schmidt number Sc. • The entropy generation near the wall of the channel rapidly increases on increasing the Schmidt number and Soret number. The emerging finding of this research work exhibits excellent agreement with previously published work. This research work can be utilized in food processing, petroleum products and chemical process.

Magnetic Hyperthermia of Polyvinylpyrrolidone Coated La<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Auto Combust Method

Lanthanum strontium manganite (La0.6Sr0.4MnO3) nanoparticles have been synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion method. Four sets of LSMO nanoparticles have been synthesized by varying the reaction pH from 10 to 13. LSMO nanoparticles were further functionalized with Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Structural properties of LSMO nanoparticles were determined by powder X-ray diffraction. Rietveld refinement of diffractograms revealed that irrespective of synthesis conditions, LSMO nanoparticles were synthesized with rhombohedral and orthorhombic crystal phases. Magnetic properties (saturation magnetization, domain magnetization and Curie temperature) of LSMO nanoparticles have been determined by vibration sample magnetometer. Synthesized LSMO nanoparticles are soft ferromagnetic and possesses Curie temperature in between 360 – 370 K. Their saturation magnetization increases with increases in reaction pH, which is in good agreement with the corresponding increase in their rhombohedral phase fraction. PVP coated LSMO nanoparticles when exposed to AC magnetic field produces magnetic hyperthermia temperature (45 °C) within 10 minutes of exposure. Hyperthermia efficiency of LSMO nanoparticles measured in terms of specific loss power (SLP) increases with magnetic field frequency and field strength and it decreases with nanoparticle concentration. LSMO nanoparticles synthesized at pH 10, 11 and 12 are suitable for the magnetic hyperthermia therapy of cancer while the one synthesized at pH 13 is not suitable for magnetic hyperthermia as it could not produce the requisite temperature of 45 °C needed to induce cell apoptosis in in-vivo experiments. Highest hyperthermia efficiency (15.69 W/g) was observed for PVP coated LSMO nanoparticles (concentration: 12.5 mg/mL) synthesized at pH 10 when exposed to an AC magnetic field of strength 10 mT and field frequency of 935.6 KHz.

The Role of Idle Waves, Desynchronization, and Bottleneck Evasion in the Performance of Parallel Programs

The performance of highly parallel applications on distributed-memory systems is influenced by many factors. Analytic performance modeling techniques aim to provide insight into performance limitations and are often the starting point of optimization efforts. However, coupling analytic models across the system hierarchy (socket, node, network) fails to encompass the intricate interplay between the program code and the hardware, especially when execution and communication bottlenecks are involved. In this paper we investigate the effect of "bottleneck evasion" and how it can lead to automatic overlap of communication overhead with computation. Bottleneck evasion leads to a gradual loss of the initial bulk-synchronous behavior of a parallel code so that its processes become desynchronized. This occurs most prominently in memory-bound programs, which is why we choose memory-bound benchmark and application codes, specifically an MPI-augmented STREAM Triad, sparse matrix-vector multiplication, and a collective-avoiding Chebyshev filter diagonalization code to demonstrate the consequences of desynchronization on two different supercomputing platforms. We investigate the role of idle waves as possible triggers for desynchronization and show the impact of automatic asynchronous communication for a spectrum of code properties and parameters, such as saturation point, matrix structures, domain decomposition, and communication concurrency. Our findings reveal how eliminating synchronization points (such as collective communication or barriers) precipitates performance improvements that go beyond what can be expected by simply subtracting the overhead of the collective from the overall runtime.

Input-to-State Stability of Nonlinear Impulsive Systems Subjects to Actuator Saturation and External Disturbance.

This article mainly explores the local input-to-state stability (LISS) property of a class of nonlinear systems via a saturated control strategy, where both the external disturbance and impulsive disturbance being fully considered. In terms of the Lyapunov method and inequality techniques, some sufficient conditions under which the system can be made LISS are proposed, and the elastic constraint relationship among saturated control gain, rate coefficients, external disturbance, and domain of initial value is revealed. Moreover, the optimization design procedures are provided with the hope of obtaining the estimates of admissible external disturbance and domain of initial value as large as possible, where the corresponding saturated control law can be designed by solving LMI -based conditions. In the absence of an external disturbance, the locally exponential stability (LES) property can also be presented with a set of more relaxed conditions. Finally, two examples are presented to reveal the validity of the obtained results.

Facilitators and barriers to implementation of suicide prevention interventions: Scoping review.

We know that suicide is preventable, yet hundreds of thousands of people still die due to suicide every year. Many interventions were proven to be effective, and dozens of others showed promising results. However, translating these interventions into new settings brings several challenges. One of the crucial obstacles to success is not anticipating possible barriers to implementation nor enhancing possible benefits of factors facilitating the implementation. While we witnessed great support for suicide prevention activities globally in the past years, implementation barriers and facilitating factors are yet to be comprehensively mapped to help implementation activities worldwide. This scoping review maps current knowledge on facilitators and barriers to the implementation of suicide prevention interventions while using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) for classification. We included 64 studies. Barriers and facilitators were most commonly identified in the outer setting CFIR domain, namely in the sub-domain of patient needs and resources, which refers to the way in which these needs and resources are reflected by the reviewed interventions. The second most saturated CFIR domain for facilitators was intervention characteristics, where relative advantage, adaptability and cost of intervention sub-domains were equally represented. These sub-domains refer mostly to how the intervention is perceived by key stakeholders, to what extent it can be tailored to the implementation context and how much it costs. While intervention characteristics domain was the second most common also for barriers, the complexity sub-domain referring to high perceived difficulty of implementation was the most frequently represented. With reference to the results, we recommend adapting interventions to the needs of the target groups. Furthermore, carefully selecting the intervention to suit the target context concerning their adaptability, costs and complexity is vital for a successful implementation. Further implications for practice and research are discussed.

RNA Deadenylation Subunit CNOT3 Promotes Myeloid Leukemia By Driving Translation of Oncogenic Targets

While somatic alterations in genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in tumorigenesis have been studied extensively, how processes that affect post-transcriptional and translational regulation impact leukemia development is much less well developed. To identify novel regulators of post-transcriptional and translation control in AML, we surveyed several genome-wide CRISPR screens and observed that a number of subunits in the RNA deadenylation CNOT complex were highly ranked among genes essential for survival of human and mouse leukemia cells. The CCR4-NOT (CNOT) complex is one of two major multi-subunit polyA deadenylation complexes which mediate the shortening of the poly(A) tails. The CNOT complex was found to be recruited to m6A transcripts to mediate mRNA degradation. An involvement of the CNOT complex with RNA methylation, mRNA degradation and translation suggest a role of CNOT in bridging these processes to mediate complex gene expression regulation in pathogenesis of AML. Among the subunits of CNOT complex, we found that the highest ranked CNOT3 adaptor subunit demonstrated elevated expression in human AML cell lines (7/9 AML cell lines) and in primary AML patients (8/11 primary samples) assayed by immunoblots. Intracellular staining analysis further demonstrated that CNOT3 is highly expressed in leukemia stem cells-enriched CD34+ compartments in 13 out of 17 tested primary AML samples. Notably, high CNOT3 mRNA was associated with a poor prognosis in 3 independent AML patient cohorts i.e. TCGA-AML, Beat-AML and AMLCG 1999. Depletion of CNOT3 by shRNA-mediate knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout in a panel of genetically diverse human leukemia cells (MOLM13, MV4-11, HL-60, NB4 and OCI-AML3) resulted in strong inhibition of cell growth, increased myeloid differentiation and apoptosis and significantly delayed leukemia development in vivo (median survival of 42 days, control versus 93.5 days, sh#1 and "not reached", sh#2). CNOT3 ablation also reduced survival and colony forming ability of primary AML patient cells. On the other hand, loss of CNOT3 function in normal cord-blood derived CD34+ (CB-CD34+) robustly induced myeloid differentiation without causing cell death, suggesting a potential therapeutic window to target CNOT3 in leukemia cells. In addition, overexpression of CNOT3 promoted cell growth in both CB-CD34+ and leukemia cells. Taken together, the data strongly indicates that CNOT3 promotes leukemogenesis. To uncover the mechanisms underpinning CNOT3 function in leukemia cells, we employed a CRISPR/Cas9 saturation domain mutagenesis screen by tiling the entire CNOT3 gene with sgRNAs. We identified the NOT box in the C-term domain of CNOT3 to be most critical for AML cell viability. In addition, truncation of the NOT box in CNOT3 abrogated its ability to drive proliferation in leukemia cells. This suggests a functional dependence of leukemia cells on CNOT3 interaction with the deadenylation complex via this domain. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of leukemia cells depleted of CNOT3 revealed an increase in p53 pathways, IFN-g immune response and downregulation of genes in G2/M checkpoint and MYC- target genes. We further observed a marked decrease in c-MYC protein upon ablation of CNOT3. We also noted the presence of c-MYC mRNA with longer poly(A) tails in CNOT3 depleted cells. However, there is no significant alternation in total abundancy and half-life of c-MYC mRNA, indicating a post-transcriptional regulation of c-MYC protein expression. In fact, depletion of CNOT3 significantly reduced the abundancy of c-MYC mRNA in the polysome-enriched and actively translated mRNAs, indicating that CNOT3 regulates translation of c-MYC. Immunoprecipitation of CNOT3 and mass spectrometry analysis of co-precipitated proteins captured proteins involved in protein synthesis including translation elongation factors and ribosomal proteins, suggesting a functional interaction of CNOT3 with the translation machinery. Overall, we uncovered a critical role of the CCR4-NOT deadenylation complex in myeloid leukemia and nominated CNOT3 as a potential target for AML therapy.

Running coupling effect in next-to-leading order Balitsky-Kovchegov evolution equations * *Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12165004, 12061141008, 11975005); the Fund of Science and Technology Department of Guizhou Province ([2019]5653); the Education Department of Guizhou Province (KY[2021]131); the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFE0104700, 2018YFE0104800)

Balitsky-Kovchegov equations in projectile and target rapidity representations are analytically solved for fixed and running coupling cases in the saturation domain. Interestingly, we find that the respective analytic S-matrices in the two rapidity representations have almost the same rapidity dependence in the exponent in the running coupling case, which provides a method to explain why the equally good fits to HERA data were obtained when using three different Balitsky-Kovchegov equations formulated in the two representations. To test the analytic outcomes, we solve the Balitsky-Kovchegov equations and numerically compute the ratios between these dipole amplitudes in the saturation region. The ratios are close to one, which confirms the analytic results. Moreover, the running coupling, collinearly-improved, and extended full collinearly-improved Balitsky-Kovchegov equations are used to fit the HERA data. We find that all of them provide high quality descriptions of the data, and the obtained from the fits are similar. Both the analytic and numerical calculations imply that the Balitsky-Kovchegov equation at the running coupling level is robust and has a sufficiently strong predictive power at HERA energies; however, higher order corrections could be significant for future experiments, such as those at the EIC or LHeC.

A study of heat and mass transfer of Non-Newtonian fluid with surface chemical reaction

Considering the significance of non-Newtonian fluid usage in manufacturing such as molten plastics, polymeric materials, pulps, and so on, significant efforts have been made to investigate the phenomenon of non-Newtonian fluids. In this article the influences of heat and mass transfer on non-Newtonian Walter's B fluid flow over uppermost catalytic surface of a paraboloid is encountered. An elasticity of the fluid layer is considered in the freestream together with heat source/sink and has the tendency to cause heat flow in the fluid saturated domain. The flow problem of two-dimensional Walter's B fluid is represented using Law of conservation of mass, momentum, heat, and concentration along with thermal and solutal chemical reactive boundary conditions. The governing equations are non-linear partial differential equation and are non-dimensionalized by employing stream function and similarity transformation. The final dimensionless equations yielded are coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations. Furthermore, shooting technique along with RK-4th order method is used to get the numerical results. Graphs and tables are modeled by using MATLAB software to check the effects of Walter's B parameter, Chemical reaction parameter and Thickness parameter on temperature, velocity, and concentration profiles. Tabular analysis shows the results of some physical parameters like skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number due to the variation of Walter's B parameter, thickness parameter and chemical reactive parameter.

Underwater blast response and pile failure analysis of submerged reinforced concrete piles and pile group foundations

This paper presents three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear finite element analyses of pile foundations in saturated sand deposits subjected to submerged explosions. In this contribution, the explosive response and failure analysis of reinforced concrete piled foundations and blast induced wave propagation are investigated. The arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) analysis tool available in the finite element software LS-DYNA is employed to simulate blast loadings. Parametric sensitivity studies are conducted for pile reinforcement arrangements, explosive charge mass, and the effect of pile head constraint conditions. Also, explosive stress wave propagation in saturated media is investigated. For this purpose, extensive numerical modellings are performed under different explosive charge shape and weights. By adopting suitable material models, the strain-rate-dependent behavior of saturated soil domain, steel reinforcements, concrete piles, and cap piles are simulated. Pile lateral displacements, explosion wave velocity, stress distributions, and pile foundation damages are illustrated in order to study the dynamic response of submerged pile foundations. It has been observed that, the reinforcement arrangement has significant effects on the behavior of the piles subjected to submerged explosions. It was also observed from results that the pile spacing in a pile group affects the bearing capacity of pile groups under explosive conditions. The findings of this research provide valuable information regarding the effects of underwater explosions on submerged piled foundations, guide engineering designers and are considerable for design codes.

Attention-Guided Progressive Neural Texture Fusion for High Dynamic Range Image Restoration.

High Dynamic Range (HDR) imaging via multi-exposure fusion is an important task for most modern imaging platforms. In spite of recent developments in both hardware and algorithm innovations, challenges remain over content association ambiguities caused by saturation, motion, and various artifacts introduced during multi-exposure fusion such as ghosting, noise, and blur. In this work, we propose an Attention-guided Progressive Neural Texture Fusion (APNT-Fusion) HDR restoration model which aims to address these issues within one framework. An efficient two-stream structure is proposed which separately focuses on texture feature transfer over saturated regions and multi-exposure tonal and texture feature fusion. A neural feature transfer mechanism is proposed which establishes spatial correspondence between different exposures based on multi-scale VGG features in the masked saturated HDR domain for discriminative contextual clues over the ambiguous image areas. A progressive texture blending module is designed to blend the encoded two-stream features in a multi-scale and progressive manner. In addition, we introduce several novel attention mechanisms, i.e., the motion attention module detects and suppresses the content discrepancies among the reference images; the saturation attention module facilitates differentiating the misalignment caused by saturation from those caused by motion; and the scale attention module ensures texture blending consistency between different coder/decoder scales. We carry out comprehensive qualitative and quantitative evaluations and ablation studies, which validate that these novel modules work coherently under the same framework and outperform state-of-the-art methods.

Stellar Rotation in the Gaia Era: Revised Open Clusters’ Sequences

Abstract The period versus mass diagrams (i.e., rotational sequences) of open clusters provide crucial constraints for angular momentum evolution studies. However, their memberships are often heavily contaminated by field stars, which could potentially bias the interpretations. In this paper, we use data from Gaia DR2 to reassess the memberships of seven open clusters with ground- and space-based rotational data, and present an updated view of stellar rotation as a function of mass and age. We use the Gaia astrometry to identify the cluster members in phase space, and the photometry to derive revised ages and place the stars on a consistent mass scale. Applying our membership analysis to the rotational sequences reveals that: (1) the contamination in clusters observed from the ground can reach up to ∼35%; (2) the overall fraction of rotational outliers decreases substantially when the field contaminants are removed, but some outliers persist; (3) there is a sharp upper edge in the rotation periods at young ages; (4) at young ages, stars in the 1.0–0.6M ⊙ range inhabit a global maximum of rotation periods, potentially providing an optimal window for habitable planets. Additionally, we see clear evidence for a strongly mass-dependent spin-down process. In the regime where rapid rotators are leaving the saturated domain, the rotational distributions broaden (in contradiction with popular models), which we interpret as evidence that the torque must be lower for rapid rotators than for intermediate ones. The cleaned rotational sequences from ground-based observations can be as constraining as those obtained from space.

Structural, magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of the ternary iron–palladium–silicon ferromagnetic shape memory ribbons

The influence of the partial substitution of Fe by Si and thermal treatments on the structural, magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of the Fe67.5Pd30.5Si2 rapidly solidified ribbons has been investigated. A remarkable decrease in the martensite transformation temperature, with ~ 65 K lower than that of the Fe–Pd archetype alloy, is observed in the as-prepared ribbons. The thermal treatments shift the martensite transformation temperatures upward, with approximately 13 K for the higher thermal treatment. Also, these induce an improvement in the crystallinity in these ribbons with high texture and an increase in the crystallite size as a result of reducing the internal defects and stress. The thermodynamic considerations discussed in the frame of the Clapeyron–Clausius relation by using the calorimetric and thermomagnetic measurements (up to 7 T) reveal a weak influence of the magnetic fields on the martensitic transformation temperatures (~ 0.5 K/T). The magnetostriction decrease with temperature under small magnetic fields was discussed, beside an unusual behaviour in the technically saturated domain. This behaviour is based on the coexistence of the ordinary and forced magnetostrictions, the last one increasing faster with the temperature decreasing.