Sardine Meal Research Articles

Supplements for Cottonseed Meal in Diets for Chickens

CONSIDERABLE information has been obtained on the dietary deficiencies of soybean meal as a source of protein for chickens, and on supplements that can be included in diets along with soybean meal as sources of its deficient nutrients, but little is known about cottonseed meal. At least two of the few available reports indicate that the same feedstuffs can be used in diets along with either cottonseed meal or soybean meal as sources of nutrients in which they are deficient.Heywang (1947) reported that 15 percent cottonseed meal and 15 percent soybean meal were of about equal value when they were supplemented by small quantities of either sardine meal or meat scraps in diets for laying chickens. Bird and coworkers (1948) found that both cottonseed meal and soybean meal are deficient in a dietary factor essential for the growth of chickens, and found in cow manure and fish meal.That .

The Variability of Protein Supplements in the Hen’s Diet in Supplying the Unidentified Factor or Factors Essential for Chick Growth

SEVERAL investigators have shown that a chick’s viability and its storage of the vitamins at hatching time are influenced by the intake of these specific essential nutrients by the parent stock. It is well established that some other as yet unidentified factor (or factors) is transmitted from the hen to the egg and subsequently to the newly hatched chick. When placed on a diet deficient in this constituent, the chick’s ability to grow at a normal rate is dependent upon an adequate storage of this unknown. Bird and associates (1946) found that the viability of chicks was low when hens were fed a soybean oil meal supplemented diet, adequate in all known factors. Mortality of chicks from hens receiving a soybean oil meal diet was 38.0 percent, whereas, hens receiving this diet plus 5.0 percent cow manure or sardine meal produced chicks with a mortality rate of 12.0 and 11.0 .

Improvement of Vitamin A Deficient Diets for Use in Bioassays

SummaryResults of experiments are given which show that for optimum growth in rats, it is necessary to add at least one factor besides vitamin A to the U.S.P. Vitamin A-free diet. This factor, which has been described by other investigators, is present in liver extract. Replacement of half of the casein in the basal diet either with pork or sardine meal was likewise effective and the addition of liver extract to these ingredients did not give any added benefit. Unfortunately, extraction with ether failed to remove the vitamin A from blood fibrin to make possible its use. Excepting the groups fed blood fibrin the sardine meal diet with supplements promoted the best gains of all the remaining groups.

Condensed Fish Press Water and Fish Liver Meal in Chick Rations ,

NUMEROUS workers have investigated the supplementary effect of small amounts of animal protein feeds in diets containing vegetable proteins. Berry, Carrick, Roberts, and Hauge (1943) pointed out that the proteins of soybean oil meal were of excellent quality, but that rations containing soybean oil meal as a sole protein supplement were deficient in certain vitamins which were adequately supplied by additions of small amounts of animal protein feeds. This work has been confirmed by Hammond and Titus (1944), who mention the necessity of supplementing a diet containing soybean oil meal as the sole protein supplement with adequate vitamins and minerals. The same workers, however, state that “sardine fish meal is of outstanding value as a protein supplement to soybean meal.” Whether sardine meal is of value purely as a protein supplement (chiefly as a contributor of methionine) or partly as a vitamin supplement (choline and other vitamins) has not been .

Winter Protein Requirements of Bobwhite Quail

was nearly as high as on the diet containing 14 per cent sardine meal, but the average live weight per bird was only 139 grams. The difference between this weight and that for the birds on Diet 11 (3% dried whey) was not statistically significant. The general rating for the diet was as high as that for Diet 11, when ground wheat replaced ground millet in the diet containing 3 per cent dried whey. Survival of birds was 5 per cent-units lower, the average live weight was about the same, and efficiency of feed utilization was higher. Using D-activated animal sterol as a source of vitamin D and yellow corn and a good grade of alfalfa leaf meal as sources of vitamin A, fish oils were omitted from the diets without causing symptons of avitaminosis. However, because of the instability of vitamin A in storage, it is advisable to include sufficient fish oil, if obtainable, in quail diets to supply at least 2,000 I. U. of vitamin A per pound of feed on a total feed basis. LITERATURE CITED

Further Observations on Choline and Yeast in Chick Nutrition

RECENTLY, Jukes (1940) and Hegsted, Mills, Elvehjem, and Hart (1941) reported that choline prevented perosis in chicks fed a ration adequate in manganese. These investigators also noted that choline was essential for growth in chicks. Hogan and associates (1941) also observed that choline was one of the specific organic nutrients, in addition to manganese, needed to prevent perosis in chicks. Jukes (1941) also showed that choline was effective in preventing perosis in turkeys and that egg lecithin gave similar results. He also reported that soybean oil meal and sardine meal were good sources of the anti-perotic factor.At the time Jukes (1940) reported that choline was effective in preventing perosis in turkeys fed a ration adequate in manganese, we had in progress studies employing a ration similar to that described by Bauernfeind et al. (1938) on which a large percentage of the chicks developed perosis. This type of the chicks .

魚粉の簡易水分測定法に就て

The proposed method is based on the red colour change of cobalt-chloride due to water, and can be used for determining very simply the moisture in sardine meal, for the range of 9 to 12%. An apparatus as shown in Fig. 1. is emlployed. If a filt-paper, which has been made to absorb the solution of crystaline cobalt-chloride and to dry, is inserted into the sardine meal, the time required for the colour change depends upon the moisture content of the sardine meal as shown by the curve in Fig. 2, which may be used for the calculation.

フィッシュミール關する研究 V

During the preservation of sardine meal and the dried flesh of fish, their colour changes to dark brown. Though it is clearly due to the presence of fish oil, such a remarkable change in colour is not observable in the case of preservation of the oil obtained by pressing the boiled sardine in the process of manufacturing the sardine cake. Such oil, being depot fat, differs in property from the oil extracted by ether from the sardine cake, which is, as reported previously, the tissue fat mixed with depot fat. Whether the presence of tissue fat or the difference in chemical properties of the adsorbent adsorbing the oil may cause the colour change, is yet unknown. In the present study, the sardine oil and the sardine-meal-oil were adsorbed with various adsorbents, defatted sardine meal, defatted casein, defatted kaolin and defatted dextrin, and after having been preserved for 30 days, were extracted by ether and examined, with the result that the protein or the proteinous substances as adsorbent have a great bearing to the change of colour of the fish oil.

フィツシュミールの吸濕に就て

Maximum moisture content W in sardine meal was observed when equilibrium was established in air at several temperatures from 0°C to 75°C, and at several humidity ranging from 10 to 100%. W is almost indifferent to temperature but varies with relative humidity r, according to an empirical equation: - W=k(r/1-r)n, k and n being constauts, depending rather slightly on temperature. Before the equilibrium is reached, moisture content w increases with time t, so that in the equation W-w=We-k1t, k1 becomes constant, depending largely on temperature but not on humidity.

Dried Skim Milk and Other Supplements in the Ration During Gaecal Coccidiosis of Chicks

SummaryFurther evidence is supplied for the unfavorable effect of dry buttermilk in the ordinary type of growing ration when White Leghorn chicks become infected with sizable doses of Eimeria tenella. It is now shown that dry skim milk has an effect similar to that of dry buttermilk. It made little difference when soy bean oil meal (expeller process) was substituted for a considerable part of the meat element in meat scraps, or when a fine grade of low-temperature sardine meal was substituted for dry milks.Further, it was brought out in chicks on 2 different rations that there was no difference in mortality from infective inoculations of 100,000 and 200,000 oocysts (Experiment 3).

鰮ミールの榮養價値に就て

A series of feeding experiments on mice have shown that the sardine meal furnishes sufficient quantities of protein and inorganic matters to the diets which mainly consists of rice or wheat. The ration composed of rice, sardine meal, and small quantities of yeast and cod liver oil was the best one in maintaining the growth of the experimental animals.