Muscle Tissue Samples Research Articles

Identification and characterization of differentially expressed circular RNAs in extraocular muscle of oculomotor nerve palsy

BackgroundOculomotor nerve palsy (ONP) is a neuroparalytic disorder resulting in dysfunction of innervating extraocular muscles (EOMs), of which the pathological characteristics remain underexplored.MethodsIn this study, medial rectus muscle tissue samples from four ONP patients and four constant exotropia (CXT) patients were collected for RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) were identified and included in functional enrichment analysis, followed by interaction analysis with microRNAs and mRNAs as well as RNA binding proteins. Furthermore, RT-qPCR was used to validate the expression level of the differentially expressed circRNAs.ResultsA total of 84 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified from 10,504 predicted circRNAs. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the differentially expressed circRNAs significantly correlated with skeletal muscle contraction. In addition, interaction analyses showed that up-regulated circRNA_03628 was significantly interacted with RNA binding protein AGO2 and EIF4A3 as well as microRNA hsa-miR-188-5p and hsa-miR-4529-5p. The up-regulation of circRNA_03628 was validated by RT-qPCR, followed by further elaboration of the expression, location and clinical significance of circRNA_03628 in EOMs of ONP.ConclusionsOur study may shed light on the role of differentially expressed circRNAs, especially circRNA_03628, in the pathological changes of EOMs in ONP.

From watersheds to dinner plates: Evaluating PFAS exposure through fish consumption in Southeast Michigan

Muscle tissue and organ samples of six different fish species were collected from ten locations in Southeast Michigan's Huron and Rouge watersheds. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) were analyzed in 36 samples comprising filets, liver, gut, and eggs using targeted analysis and the direct total oxidizable precursor (dTOP) assay on a subset of six samples. The median concentrations of the ∑PFAS in filets from the Huron and Rouge watersheds were 13 and 6.3 ng/g wet weight (w.w.), respectively. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the most detected and abundant compound in fish organs, with the liver having the largest overall burden of PFAS. The highest percent increase in targeted PFAS after the dTOP assay was observed in the Catfish filet (552%) while the smallest increase was in the Catfish liver (32%) accounting for 1.3 and 8.1 nMole F/g dry weight (d.w.), respectively. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis revealed three distinct PFAS sources, of which the one attributed to PFOS explained 73% of the data. Results from this work have important implications for fish consumption in Michigan waterways. Among the filet samples analyzed, the calculated daily consumption limit of total PFOS was exceeded in approximately 82% and 91% of samples for adults and children over the age of seven years old, respectively.

A microbial inhibition assay in microplates using Bacillus licheniformis for detection of enrofloxacin and sulfamethazine in chicken spiked kidney, liver and muscle tissues.

The presence of antimicrobial drugs residues in animal products at levels higher than the maximum residue level (MRL) may have adverse effects on consumer health such as allergic reactions and resistance development. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor animal products for the presence of antimicrobial residues. The aim of this study was to evaluate the detection limit of microbial inhibition assay (MIA) in microplate by using of Bacillus licheniformis as indicator microorganism for two antibiotics, enrofloxacin (ENR) and sulfamethazine (SMT), in broiler chicken's kidney, liver and muscle tissue samples. Spiked tissues samples for the two antibiotics were analysed separately by this method. The results of the assay were evaluated by the determination of the absorbance after mean 3.47h of incubation at 45°C. Results showed that the detection limits of MIA for ENR and SMT in kidney (124.03 and 23.21μg/kg, respectively) and liver (90.02 and 62.03μg/kg, respectively) as well as SMT in muscle (46.95μg/kg) were lower than EU (European Union) - MRL, whereas the detection limit for ENR in muscle was slightly higher than MRL (136.3μg/kg compared to 100μg/kg MRL). Furthermore, the MIA in the current study was found to be more sensitive to SMT than ENR (92% and 88% sensitivity rate, respectively). No false-positive was observed in the assay. Based on the results, the MIA investigated in this study had the potential to detect ENR and SMT residues in broiler chicken kidney, liver and muscle tissues at levels below or close to EU - MRL but offered lower capability for the detection of ENR compared with SMT in kidney and muscle tissue samples.

Simultaneous determination of enantiomer residues of metalaxyl and its metabolite metalaxyl acid in animal muscle tissues by chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

The toxicity of the two enantiomers of metalaxyl is significantly different and, for food safety concerns, stereoselective analysis of its residues is extremely important in animal muscle tissues. Herein, a simple, sensitive and reproducible method for the simultaneous stereoselective analysis of metalaxyl and its metabolite metalaxyl acid in animal-derived foods has been established based on mixed-mode anion exchange solid phase extraction and chiral liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Under the optimized separation and sample pretreatment conditions, good linearity (r > 0.99) was obtained for four target analytes in four animal muscle tissues including bovine, chicken, swine and fish. Mean recoveries of all enantiomers in muscle tissue samples were 89.5–110.3 % with relative standard deviations below 12.4 %. The limits of quantification of the analytes were 0.3–1.0 µg/kg. The proposed method provides an effective means to monitor the enantiomer residues in real samples whether using highly active R-metalaxyl or racemic mixture drugs.

Pesticide residues detected in Colossoma macropomum by the modified QuEChERS and GC-MS/MS methods

This study aimed to detect pesticides in the muscle tissue of farmed tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), in relation to good management practices (GMP) and prophylaxis and biosecurity measures. There were 54 fish farms randomly selected from the 138 found in the Microregion of Zona da Mata, RO - Brazil, for visits and collection of epidemiological data. There were extracted 24 muscle fragments were extracted from dorsolateral portion of the tail of five specimens tambaqui per fish farming. The methods of detection and quantification of pesticide residues were modified QuEChERS and GC-MS/MS. Most fish farms are small businesses and their production areas are smaller than a rural module. These ventures are an income alternative for rural producers, this information is confirmed in percentage of 88.89% (48/54) of the rural properties visited have livestock and agriculture as their main productive activity. Water monitoring was carried out in 70.37% of fish farms. However, with frequency of two water analyzes per year. Preventive and prophylactic measures taken were performed in 30% (17/54). In addition, 7% (4/54) of fish farmers reported using sodium chloride and/or using formalin as a secondary preventive measure. It is also important to mention that there was a report of administration of potassium permanganate in a fish farm, 2% (1/54). There were 12.49% (3/54) positive for at least one pesticide. The chemical compounds found Azosxystrobin (<LOQ), Epoxiconazole (<LOQ) and Chlorpyrifos (<LOQ). The presence of Azosxystrobin, Epoxiconazol and Chlorpyrifos in tambaqui muscle tissue samples was detected above acceptable limits by the PNCRC.

Genetic identification of Trichinella species found in wild carnivores from the territory of Kazakhstan.

Trichinellosis, also called trichinosis, is a foodborne parasitic disease caused by eating raw or undercooked meat from animals infected with Trichinella spp. larvae and affects both animals and humans. Although on the territory of Kazakhstan, the species characteristics and prevalence of this helminth were studied back in the 90s, the data have not been updated since then. Given the above, our study was aimed at identifying Trichinella spp. using parasitological and molecular genetics methods. In our work, we studied 160 samples of muscle tissue of wild animals living in the natural zones of steppes and semi-deserts. Of the animals examined, 32 were positive for Trichinella spp., including 1 lynx (Lynx lynx), 17 wolves (Canis lupus), 11 foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 1 jackal (Canis aureus) and 2 corsac foxes (Vulpes corsac). Helminths were extracted using the digestion method. DNA was extracted using a Gene Jet commercial kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, United Kingdom). For species identification a multiplex PCR, amplification of ESV, ITS1, and ITS2 genes regions was performed. After that, uniplex PCR was performed on the 5S rDNA and ITS1 genes region for sequencing analysis. The resulting sequences were subsequently used to construct a phylogenetic tree and the studied samples were identified as Trichinella nativa and Trichinella britovi. Thus, we can conclude that there is a circulation of two species of Trichinella in Kazakhstan, highlighting that constant control and monitoring of wild animals are necessary to prevent transmission and protect the health of people.

Trichinellosis dissemination among wild carnivores in the Republic of Kazakhstan: A 10-year study.

Trichinellosis is caused by a species of roundworm called Trichinella and is an invasive disease causing severe medical, veterinary, and socioeconomic problems worldwide. More than 100 mammalian species are Trichinella hosts. Among domestic animals, pigs and dogs are prone to trichinellosis. An essential aspect of controlling the spread of infection is to identify the number and level of infections in wild carnivores in the country. However, the number, habitats, and movements of wild animal Trichinella hosts in Kazakhstan have not been reported yet. This study aimed to monitor the wild animal habitat nearby the settlements for tracking the trichinellosis speading among carnivores. Wild carnivorous animals were captured in seven regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The carcasses of corsacs, wolves, foxes, wild boars, and badgers were studied. Muscle tissue samples from spontaneously infected wild animals were collected. The digestion method in "GASTROS-2M" was used to isolate Trichinella spp. from animal muscles. The species of the parasite was determined by a polymerase chain reaction for 5S spacer of Trichinella ribosomal DNA with subsequent sequencing by Senger. Statistical analysis methods were performed for average value in Microsoft Excel 2010. The results of the research showed that among 155 animals wolves (20.4%) and foxes (26.7%) were the most infected with invasive Trichinella larvae. The invasion intensity was 503.6% in foxes and 289.7% in wolves. However, badgers (164%), wild boars (0%), and corsacs (0%) presented lower invasion levels. Using specific primers, larvae samples were identified as Trichinella nativa. The results of monitoring revealed the spread of trichinosis among wild animals: wolves, foxes, badgers. The Karaganda, Kostanay, Western Kazakhstan, and Akmola regions had the largest distribution of wild animals infected with trichinellosis. In total, 20% of the 155 studied animals were infected. The greatest invasion intensity was typical for wolves, foxes and badgers. It is necessary to monitor the spread of trichinellosis among wild carnivores to control the epidemiological situation and reduce the level of spontaneous infection among animals. Regular monitoring of habitats and carnivores must be conducted within the country and in the border areas.

Changes in the electrical impedance of goat meat in the process of autolysis

The data on the development of meat goat breeding are presented and the prospects of this sub-branch of animal husbandry in obtaining meat products are shown. The dynamics of electrical impedance of goat meat during autolysis is presented. For carrying out of researches the electrophysical method is offered, allowing on the basis of measurement of amplitude of a signal on a sample, phase shift between fluctuations of current and voltage in a circuit to calculate active and reactive components of impedance of a sample of meat and then, according to the equivalent electric scheme of a sample, to find parameters of this scheme - values of electric resistances and capacitances. The object of the study was the longest muscle of the back of goat meat, which has a special value for the production of meat food products, including functional purpose. Measurements were carried out in the frequency range of 10-100000 Hz. It was found that the modulus of complex resistance of muscle tissue samples decreases during storage time, and the phase angle dependence on frequency at frequencies 10 - 500 Hz shifts towards higher frequencies with time, with the value of the extremum at frequencies around 50000 Hz decreasing. Analysis of the dependence of the parameters of the equivalent circuit of the sample on the time of autolysis shows that these changes are associated with the synthesis of adenosine triphosphoric acid in the first hours after slaughter and an increase in the permeability of cell membranes. The results of the analysis have similarity with indicators in the study of microstructure and changes in the hydrogen index of meat during autolysis. The presented data can be used as a basis for the creation of electrophysical express-method of autolysis control and prediction of functional and technological properties of systems of animal origin.

Identifying key DNA methylation sites and their cis-methylation quantitative loci for intramuscular fatty acid traits using genome and methylome data in Yorkshire pigs

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are located near CpG sites have the potential to influence DNA methylation levels, leading to distinct patterns of DNA methylation. These methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) can influence methylation levels across the entire genome, thereby impacting phenotypic traits. In this study, we utilised reduced representation bisulphite sequencing (RRBS) to analyse DNA methylation in muscle tissue samples collected from 140 Yorkshire pigs. Additionally, we assessed SNPs using the Porcine 50K chip, examined 17 fatty acid traits, and conducted epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Our investigation revealed numerous associations between DNA methylation and fatty acid traits, including C16:0, C18:0, C20:3n-3, and C22:6n-3. Notably, a substantial portion of these associations was specifically identified by EWAS and not GWAS. Subsequently, we performed GWAS to identify meQTLs using methylation levels of significant CpGs from the EWAS as traits. The results revealed the predominance of trans-meQTLs; however, we also discovered a cis-meQTL on SSC12. Finally, we reported a crucial CpG site (SSC12:3735523) and its cis-meQTL on SSC12, which are located in close proximity to the FASN gene. Our findings contribute to the identification of CpG sites and their cis-meQTLs associated with fatty acid traits, utilising comprehensive genome and methylome data. Moreover, our study provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying fatty acid traits in pigs.

The use of fish parasitic isopods as element accumulation indicators in marine pollution monitoring

Marine ecosystems are continuously under threat due to pollutants, which endanger marine biodiversity. The present study determines the potential use of the parasitic isopod, Cinusa tetrodontis Schjödte et Meinert, 1884, together with its fish host, Amblyrhynchotes honckenii (Bloch) for marine bioaccumulation monitoring. The concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn were determined in muscle and liver tissues of infested and uninfested fish, and male and female parasites on the South African temperate south coast. The concentrations of Cu and Ni in C. tetrodontis differed significantly between two sampling sites, a near-pristine (Breede River Estuary, Witsand) and a more polluted site (harbour area in Mossel Bay). Mossel Bay isopods had higher concentrations of Ni, while Witsand isopods had higher concentrations of Cu. In contrast to fish hosts, parasitic isopods accumulated significantly higher levels of all elements except Cd. Most significant relationships between elements accumulated by C. tetrodontis and an increase of elements in fish tissues were seen in liver, rather than muscle tissue samples. Specimens of C. tetrodontis can be defined as good bioindicators for elements such as As, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn, as they possess high bioaccumulation capabilities. This study addresses one of several future directions needed within environmental parasitology and highlights the importance of studying and utilising this host-ectoparasite model system.

Fusion of myofibre branches is a physiological feature of healthy human skeletal muscle regeneration

BackgroundThe occurrence of hyperplasia, through myofibre splitting, remains a widely debated phenomenon. Structural alterations and fibre typing of skeletal muscle fibres, as seen during regeneration and in certain muscle diseases, can be challenging to interpret. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation can induce myofibre necrosis followed by changes in spatial and temporal cellular processes. Thirty days following electrical stimulation, remnants of regeneration can be seen in the myofibre and its basement membrane as the presence of small myofibres and encroachment of sarcolemma and basement membrane (suggestive of myofibre branching/splitting). The purpose of this study was to investigate myofibre branching and fibre type in a systematic manner in human skeletal muscle undergoing adult regenerative myogenesis.MethodsElectrical stimulation was used to induce myofibre necrosis to the vastus lateralis muscle of one leg in 5 young healthy males. Muscle tissue samples were collected from the stimulated leg 30 days later and from the control leg for comparison. Biopsies were sectioned and stained for dystrophin and laminin to label the sarcolemma and basement membrane, respectively, as well as ATPase, and antibodies against types I and II myosin, and embryonic and neonatal myosin. Myofibre branches were followed through 22 serial Sects. (264 μm). Single fibres and tissue blocks were examined by confocal and electron microscopy, respectively.ResultsRegular branching of small myofibre segments was observed (median length 144 μm), most of which were observed to fuse further along the parent fibre. Central nuclei were frequently observed at the point of branching/fusion. The branch commonly presented with a more immature profile (nestin + , neonatal myosin + , disorganised myofilaments) than the parent myofibre, together suggesting fusion of the branch, rather than splitting. Of the 210 regenerating muscle fibres evaluated, 99.5% were type II fibres, indicating preferential damage to type II fibres with our protocol. Furthermore, these fibres demonstrated 7 different stages of “fibre-type” profiles.ConclusionsBy studying the regenerating tissue 30 days later with a range of microscopy techniques, we find that so-called myofibre branching or splitting is more likely to be fusion of myotubes and is therefore explained by incomplete regeneration after a necrosis-inducing event.

Unsaturated Long-Chain Fatty Acids Activate Resident Macrophages and Stem Cells in a Human Skeletal Muscle Tissue Model.

Phenotypically heterogeneous populations of tissue-resident macrophages and stem cells play important roles in the regeneration of the skeletal muscle tissue. Previous studies using animal and cell culture models implied a beneficial effect of fatty acid (FA) species on tissue regeneration. Here, we applied a human experimental model using excised muscle tissues from reconstructive surgeries to study the effects of FAs on resident macrophages and stem cells in the natural environment of human skeletal muscle tissue. Muscle tissue samples from 20 donors were included in this study. The expression of 34 cytokines/chemokines was determined, using multiplex protein analysis. The phenotypes of macrophages and stem cells were determined immunohistochemically. The numbers of CD80+ macrophages correlated with the expression levels of IL-1α, IL-1RA, IL-8, IL-17A, and MCP-1, while the PAX7+ and MyoD+ stem cell counts were positively correlated with the expression level of CXCL12α, a recognized chemoattractant for muscle stem cells. Treatment of additional tissue sections with FAs revealed that CD80+ or MARCO+ macrophages- and PAX7+ or MyoD+ stem cells were simultaneously increased by unsaturated long-chain FAs. Taken together, this is the first experimental demonstration of a coordinated activation of macrophages and stem cells in human skeletal muscle tissue.

Detección de Yersinia ruckeri en truchas arcoíris (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) infectadas naturalmente en criaderos de truchas en Anatolia, Turquía

The present study aimed to detect Yersinia ruckeri bacteria in fish samples collected from the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792) farms in the South Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey through bacteriological culturing and polymerase chain reaction. Separate visits were made to trout farming facilities in Diyarbakır, Adıyaman, Şanlıurfa, and Batman in January and February 2021, and 30 fish with an average live weight of 200–250 g were collected from each facility. A total of 1,200 samples were taken from 40 trout farms. Liver, spleen, kidney, and tissue specimens were collected from rainbow trout. Yersinia ruckeri was isolated from the kidney, liver and muscle tissue of fish on McConkey Agar for bacteriological examinations. Isolated strains were identified by MALDİ–TOF and PCR. It was detected the bacteria in the liver, kidney, and muscle tissue samples of fish from 23 out of 40 farms. In conclusion, these bacteria were detected in local farms. These farms must implement vaccination, minimize stress factors affecting the fish, and avoid overstocking. The best methods to protect against infection include avoiding overstocking, low oxygen levels, and underqualified labor force.

Features of accumulation and variability of stable strontium in some organs and tissues of landrace pigs

The authors in the article demonstrated the results of assessing the level of stable strontium in the skeletal muscles, liver, kidneys and spleen of Landrace pigs at the end of the technological cycle. The studies were performed on clinically healthy animals raised in a large pig farm in the Altai Territory. The conditions of keeping the animals corresponded to those typical for meat fattening up to 100 kg. Feeding was carried out with complete feed. Elemental analysis of samples of parenchymal organs and muscle tissue was performed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectral analysis. Data processing was performed using Microsoft Office Excel and the R programming language in the data analysis environment RStudio version 2022.07.2+576 (RStudio, PBC). The distribution did not correspond to normal in all cases. The dispersions are not homogeneous. Based on the mean value and median, an increasing ranked series of strontium content in organs and tissues were established: liver = skeletal muscles < spleen < kidneys, in numerical terms: 1: 1: 3.7: 4.7 and 1: 1: 3.9: 5.7 respectively. Medians for stable strontium in the liver, kidney, spleen, and skeletal muscle were 0.024; 0.130; 0.089 and 0.023 mg/kg, respectively. Reference intervals for the liver are 0.004-0.043 and for the spleen - 0.030-0.145 mg/kg. The most significant range of variability is characteristic of the kidneys of pigs. A considerable uniformity is typical of the liver and skeletal muscles. Using the Kruskal-Wallis test, it was established that the accumulation of stable strontium significantly differs in the examined organs and tissues of pigs (H = 68.9, df = 3, p < 0.0001). Pairwise comparison showed significant differences for the kidney-liver, spleen-liver, skeletal muscle-kidney, and skeletal muscle-spleen pairs. Two clusters were identified according to the similarity of strontium accumulation: liver and skeletal muscles, kidneys and spleen. The calcium-strontium ratio, taking into account medians, for skeletal muscles was 1:1833, and for the liver - 1:1870. The established results can serve as an approximate physiological norm for the concentration of stable strontium in individual structures of the organism of Landrace pigs under the conditions of Western Siberia.

An Instrument for High-throughput Testing of Heart Tissue In Vitro.

Cardiac trabeculae are small samples of heart muscle tissue that can be dissected and studied in vitro to better understand the underlying physiology of cardiac muscle. However, instruments for such experimentation often (1) involve delicate mounting of the muscle, (2) constrain investigations to one muscle at a time and, thus, (3) cannot retain the muscle in the same experimental configuration for post-experimental assessment including imaging analysis. Here, we present a novel device that allows trabeculae to be secured by a visible-light photo-initiated hydrogel, manipulated via a force sensor, and stimulated while being imaged. We use our robust, accurate image registration techniques to measure cantilever and gel deformation during trabecula contraction and thereby provide a measure of trabecula force production during twitches. A variety of experiments can then be conducted, with the potential for the trabecula to be fixed in place using hydrogel for further post-experiment analysis, as well as longitudinal evaluation. The device has multiple wells making it amenable to high-throughput testing.Clinical Relevance- These methods may allow longitudinal and high-throughput studies of cardiac tissue samples in health and disease.

Efectos de la suplementación con hesperidina en la codorniz japonesa Cordonix cordonix japonica sobre la química sanguínea, la capacidad antioxidante, la histopatología intestinal y la microflora fecal

This study was conducted to determine the effects of hesperidin, a flavonoid added to quail diets, on blood serum, enzymes in tissues, intestinal histomorphology and fecal microflora. In the study, first treatment [(control) (0g hesperidin/kg feed)], second treatment [(HES1) (1 g hesperidin/kg feed)], third treatment [(HES2) (2 g hesperidin/kg feed)] was added to with the basal diet through 35 d. The study was carried out with 3 main groups, 20 quails with 5 sub-repeats in each group and a total of 300 quails. At the end of the study, blood, liver and thigh muscle tissue and fecal samples were taken. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) decreased in the HES1 group but increased in the HES2 group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Aspartate transaminase (AST) increased in the HES1 group compared to the control group and decreased in the HES2 group (P<0.05). Amylase, on the other hand, showed a regular increase in HES1 and HES2 groups to which hesperidin was added to the control group in hesperidin added groups (P<0.05). The tissue antioxidant GSH, CAT and SOD enzyme parameters showed a significant increase in the hesperidin added groups compared to the control group, and this increase was found to be significant compared to the control group (P<0.05). In intestinal histomorphology, in hesperidin treatment groups increased the height of villus in the cecum tissue; in colon tissue, it was determined that hesperidin added groups increased villus height but decreased crypt depth (P<0.05). Consequently, diets hesperidin with treatments positively is thought to affect the lipid, thigh, liver and serum antioxidant enzyme levels, intestinal histomorphology and fecal microflora in quail.

Quadratic versus linear models to estimate the mean scattering spacing as a function of temperature in ex-vivo tissue

Previous works have shown the feasibility of temperature estimation during ultrasonic therapy using pulse-echo diagnostic ultrasound. These methods are based on the measurement of thermally induced changes in backscattered RF echoes due to thermal expansion and changes in ultrasonic velocity. They assume a joint contribution of these two parameters and a linear dependence with temperature. In this work, the contributions of velocity changes and thermal expansion to the evolution of the mean scatterer spacing of ex vivo bovine skeletal muscle tissue samples were decoupled. This was achieved by employing an experimental setup which allows measuring the absolute velocity value, using the through-transmission technique in a direct transmission configuration. The mean-scatterer spacing was estimated from spectral analysis of the backscattered signals obtained in pulse-echo mode. We propose a quadratic model of the thermal expansion coefficient to fit the evolution of the mean-scatterer spacing with temperature. The temperature increase estimated by the linear model, in the range of 29.5–47 °C, presents a percentage error (mean square error) of 11 %, while for the quadratic model the error is 4.8 %.

BOVINE SARCOCYSTOSIS IN KOSTANAY REGION

This article presents the results of the prevalence of sarcocystis invasion of cat-tle in the Kostanay region. The selection of cattle muscles and morphological studies were carried out from January to April 2023. In total, 100 carcasses, including 75 carcasses of bulls aged 2-3 years and 25 carcasses from cows aged 7-9 years, were examined at the slaughterhouses of the city of Kostanay, where cattle for slaughter come from different districts of the Kostanay region. During visual veterinary and sanitary examination of carcasses, macrocysts were not found. Microscopy of 300 samples of muscle tissue was carried out to determine the contamination of carcasses. During the research, it was found that sarcocysts were found in the muscles of steers and cows. The localization sites, shape, size of sarcocysts and their intensity were studied. According to morphological features the cysts correspond to the description of Sarcocystis bovicanis (S.cruzi).

Photothermal Effects of High-Energy Photobiomodulation Therapies: An In Vitro Investigation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate photothermal aspects of photobiomodulation therapies (PBMT) in vitro to assist in the development of safe clinical parameters with respect to higher-power devices with large surface applicators. Laser wavelengths in the range of 650 nm-1064 nm were investigated using a thermal camera. Thermographic measures of surface and sub-surface temperature variations of similar lean porcine muscle tissue samples were recorded for a series of calibrated experiments. A thermal comparison was then made between Flat-top and Gaussian beam spatial distribution devices. Outcome data were subjected to statistical analysis using an ANOVA model. Results acquired at similar parameters of irradiance indicated that the application of the 980 nm wavelength was associated with the highest rise in temperature, which decreased with other wavelengths in the order 980 > 1064 ≈ 650 >>> 810 nm (p < 5 × 10-20). All wavelengths assessed were associated with a significant temperature increase, and with the exception of 810 nm, all exceeded the threshold of a 6 °C rise within the prescribed parameter limits. Optical scanning by movement of the applied source over a relevant area was found to offer effective mitigation of these temperature increases. An extended discussion is presented, analysing the clinical significance of the study outcomes. Recommendations are made within the limits of this in vitro study in order to assist future clinical investigations.

Stir-bar sorptive extraction based on hydroxyl-functionalized zirconium-metal-organic framework for the detection of three quinolones in actual samples.

A novel analytical method based on stir-bar sorptive extraction proposed for the determination of three trace quinolones in fish and shrimp samples. UiO-66-(OH)2 , a hydroxyl-functionalized zirconium metal-organic framework, has been coated on frosted glass rods by an in situ growth method. The product, UiO-66-(OH)2 modified frosted glass rods, has been characterized and key parameters have been optimized in combination with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography. The detection limits of enoxacin, norfloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were 0.48-0.8 ng mL-1 , and the detection concentrations were in the range 10-300 ng mL-1 , showing a good linear relationship. This method was used for the determination of three quinolones in aquatic organisms, and the recoveries in spiked fish and shrimp muscle tissue samples were 74.8-105.4% and 82.5-115.8%, respectively. The relative standard deviations were less than 6.9%. The established method combined stir-bar sorptive extraction based on UiO-66-(OH)2 modified frosted glass rods with ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography, has good application prospects for the detection of quinolone residues in fish and shrimp muscle samples. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.