A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Research Field, Gazipur, RARS, Jamalpur, RARS, Jashore, RARS, Burirhat, HARS, Hathazari, ARS, Rajbari and OFRD, Shyampur of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, during rabi season of 2022-23 to study the effect of yield and yield contributing characters of chia seeds as affected by sowing date and spacing at different location. The experiment consisted of four sowing dates viz. (15 Nov., 30 Nov., 15 Dec. and 30 Dec.) and two spacing viz. (30 cm × continuous in solid line and 40 cm × continuous in solid line). Sowing date showed great influence on total dry matter (TDM) production, leaf area index (LAI), yield and yield components of chia. The November sowing produced the maximum TDM and LAI at Gazipur. These parameters finally contributed to higher seed yield in early planting than later sowing date. The days required for the events of maturity (109 days,108 days,106 days, 112 days, 108 days, 110 days and 108 days at Gazipur, Jamalpur, Jashore, Burirhat, Hathazari, Rajbari and Shyampur, respectively) was obtained from 15 November sowing. It was also found that 15 November sowing with 30 cm row spacing produced the higher yield (1059.41 kg ha−1, 823.80 kg ha−1, 849.42 kg ha−1, 1037. 94 kg ha−1 and 828.64 kg ha−1 at Gazipur, Jamalpur, Jashore, Burirhat and Hathazari, respectively) but at Rajbari and Shyampur produced the highest yield in 15 November sowing with 40 cm row spacing (1273 kg ha−1 and 1327.00 kg ha−1). The results revealed that November sowing produced higher yield might be due to favourable air temperature for growth and development of chia. Late sowing after November 30 produced lower yield due to high temperature prevailed at the later growth stage (March) of chia at all locations. Results revealed that November sowing with 30 cm × continuous in solid line performed better and with the advancement of sowing dates the temperature increased reduced the grain growth duration and decreased the seed yield. The results revealed that November 15 to November 30 sowing would be the optimum sowing date for chia in relation to air temperature. The temperature co-efficient of chia was estimated at 131.81 kg ha−1 decreased per increasing 1 °C air temperature. Effect of temperature on the seed yield of chia was estimated at 74-94 %. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2025, 28(1): 35-45

Biostimulatory effect of silicon on Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) salinity tolerance during seedling emergence

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed oil, the richest vegetable source of α-linolenic acid (omega-3), faces challenges in food applications due to its hydrophobicity and susceptibility to oxidation. Encapsulation technologies are therefore required to deliver this bioactive compound, with amylose inclusion complexes emerging as promising systems. This study investigated the potential of amylose inclusion complexes as delivery systems for α-linolenic acid from chia seed oil in a real food matrix. These complexes were incorporated into an instant soup, and their in vitro digestibility was assessed using the INFOGEST 2.0 protocol. Gas chromatography analysis confirmed a significant increase in the omega-3 content of soups through the addition of inclusion complexes, and this bioactive compound showed high stability during the soup preparation. After in vitro digestion, approximately 20% of α-linolenic acid was released from the complexes, which was not significantly influenced by the soup matrix. Monitoring of maltose released during starch degradation indicated that the complexes remained stable under gastric conditions, achieving selective degradation in the intestinal phase. These findings highlight amylose complexes as promising carriers for protecting and delivering omega-3 from chia oil in instant soups, contributing to the development of functional foods and the valorization of the chia crop.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of chia seed inclusion on productive variables and internal characteristics of eggs from Creole hens. Methodology: Sixty 24-week-old Creole hens were selected, and five concentrations of whole chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) were evaluated (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%), incorporated into a diet based on corn, soybean meal, corn starch, vitamins, and minerals. The variables evaluated included feed intake (g), egg production (g), feed conversion (g/g), egg mass (g), egg weight (g), Haugh units, yolk (%), albumen (%), yolk color and eggshell thickness (mm). Results: Significant differences (p≤0.05) were found only in average egg weight, Haugh units, and yolk color. Limitations on study: This study focuses on Creole hens; future research could compare these results with commercial strains or other breeds to validate and expand the findings. Conclusions: The addition of whole chia seed in the diets increased egg weight and improved Haugh units compared to the control diet, and the inclusion of chia did not affect the productive variables in Creole hens.

The effects of salvia hispanica (chia seeds) on insulin sensitivity, hematological inflammatory indices and liver function in obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)

Chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) have attracted interest for their potential health benefits, yet their overall effectiveness remains uncertain due to limited high-quality evidence and heterogeneity across studies. This umbrella review critically synthesizes data from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effects of chia supplementation on key health outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Eligible studies assessed outcomes including blood pressure, lipid profiles, inflammation, and anthropometric measures. Methodological quality was evaluated using AMSTAR-2, and certainty of evidence was graded using GRADE. Meta-analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software v3.7, with Hedges' g and 95% confidence intervals (CI); significance was set at P < 0.05. Eight meta-analyses involving approximately 2,500 participants were included. Chia supplementation resulted in significant reductions in diastolic blood pressure (g = -0.550; 95% CI: -0.718 to -0.382), systolic blood pressure (g = -0.119; 95% CI: -0.228 to -0.010), total cholesterol (g = -0.300), LDL-C (g = -0.300), triglycerides (g = -0.200), waist circumference (g = -0.289), and C-reactive protein (g = -0.165). However, a small reduction in HDL-C was also observed (g = -0.093). Overall, chia supplementation may offer modest but statistically significant benefits for improving blood pressure, lipid profiles, inflammation, and central obesity. The certainty of evidence, based on GRADE assessments, ranged from moderate to low for most outcomes. .

Corrigendum to “Effect of essential oils as vitamin C preservatives and chia seed (Salvia hispanica) in the fortification of pineapple jam” [Heliyon Volume 10, Issue 23, 2024, Article e40711

Sustainable remediation of cadmium using succinate-functionalized glucoxylan from chia (Salvia hispanica) seeds hydrogel

BAU Chia-1, registered in 2019 in Bangladesh for countrywide cultivation, is considered a superfood due to its high amount of ω-3 fatty acids. A field experiment was conducted from November 2024 to February 2025 to evaluate the effect of different seed rates on the growth, reproductive traits, and yield performance. Four seed rate treatments (T1 = 200 g ha-1, T2 = 250 g ha-1, T3 = 300 g ha-1, and T4 = 350 g ha-1) were assessed with three replications and a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). T3 produced the tallest plant (145.067 cm), the highest fresh weight (28.67 g), and dry weight (8.1 g). The efficiency of photosynthetically active radiation and the number of leaves per plant were highest in the T4 treatment. On the other hand, canopy spread (44.67 cm) and inflorescence number plant-1 (8) were highest in T1. However, spikelet spike-1 was almost similar (7) in T1 and T2 seed rates. Despite that, the highest seed yield (1116.67 kg ha-1) was recorded in T2, followed by T3 (1083 kg ha-1), T4(933 kg ha-1), and T1(883 kg ha-1). In contrast, a lower population may be influenced by a lower seed rate in T1, whereas reduced growth and yield parameters from higher seed rates (T4) may be associated with increased intraspecific competition. Taken all together, the seed rate of 250 g ha-1, designated as T2, showed the most effective crop performance and productivity at the BAU research field in Mymensingh. However, further multi-location trials are required to validate these findings before making any recommendations. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 23(3): 304–310, 2025

The purpose of this study was to determine: Increased oxidative stress as seen from malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels after overtraining and the effect of chia seeds (Salvia Hispanica L) can reduce oxidative stress as seen from malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels after overtraining. This study used a true experimental design method with a post-test only control group design. The number of samples in this study was 18 rats, then divided into 3 groups. The Control Group was only given standard feed, group I was given overtraining swimming start at 09.00 am - 12.00 noon every day for 28 days. and standard feed. Group KII was given overtraining swimming start at 09.00 am - 12.00 noon every day for 28 days and chia seed extract at a dose of 4.5 mg / kgBW. Blood serum samples were taken on the 29th day. Then the samples were examined by The Research Center of Biology and Chemistry Laboratory of IBL FK Unissula for SOD and MDA analysis. The results of this study indicate that SOD levels in the control group (4.83), group I (1.45), group II (3.11). The results of the ANOVA test were p&lt;0.05. MDA levels in the control group (1.67), group I (1.91), group II (1.28) with ANOVA test results p&lt;0.05. Thus overtraining can decrease SOD and increase MDA. Giving chia seed extract at a dose of 4.5 mg/kgBW can significantly overcome the decrease in SOD and increase MDA.

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of chia seed extract as a protective against fenitrothion toxicity in male rats. Total forty rats were divided into four groups: the first group was the control group (no treatment), the second group was treated with Chia (Salvia hispanica) seeds at a dose of 400 mg/kg body weight daily, the third group was treated with Fenitrothion at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, and the fourth group was treated with both Chia (Salvia hispanica) seeds and fenitrothion. Rats were treated orally for three weeks daily. The results showed changes in the concentration of hormones and sperm characteristics in rats treated with fenitrothion compared to the control group. The exposure to fenitrothion has a noticeable toxic effect on rats through measuring some vital indicators. The role of chia seed extract in reducing lipid oxidation and improving the antioxidant defense system has been proven. We conclude from the above that exposure to fenitrothion has a noticeable toxic effect on rats through measuring some vital indicators, The role of chia seed extract in reducing lipid oxidation and improving the antioxidant defense system has been proven

The main objective was to formulate and clinical assessment of oral dispersible tablet comprising mucilage of Cordia dicotoma and Salvia hispaica in the management of stomatitis. The mucilage formed from macerating Cordia dicotoma fruits with solvent water and 1% HCl, Salvia hispaica were extracted using a 1:40 water ratio, stirred for two hours, then centrifuged to extract the mucilage. Pre-formulation and post-compressional studies were conducted for all the oral dispersible tablet formulations. A clinical study was conducted using the optimized formulation and evaluated for the clinical parameters such as red patch, blisters, swelling, pain and burning sensation for 14 days and grading of improvement for stomatitis was given by the subjects before and after treatment. When oral dispersible tablets were made with different amounts of mucilage, they dissolved quickly and took less time to release ascorbic acid hence tablet containing 150 mg of Cordia dicotoma, 100 mg of Salvia hispaica and 20 mg of red rock sugar was selected for a clinical investigation. Clinical parameters indicated the improvement of 68.54% for red patch, 70.07% for blisters, 68.86% for swelling, 67.49% for pain and 68.27% for burning sensation. Based on above clinical parameters developed formulation can be used for the management of stomatitis.

Impact of silica nanoparticle size and concentration on the development, growth, health, and transpiration of Salvia hispanica.

Chitosan-Coated Liposomes of Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) Phenolic Extract: Maximising Bioaccessibility and Shelf-Life Stability in Functional Yoghurt

Characterization of two novel chia (Salvia hispanica L.) white and black genotypes via DNA barcoding, physiological, and agronomic traits

Chia (Salvia hispanica) is considered as a functional super-food because of its exceptional seed nutritional profile. A field experiment was conducted to optimize sowing strategies for Tukhm-e-Bulangu (Lallemantia royleana) and different accessions of Chia (UAF-CBK, UAF-CG and UAF-CSLBK) with the aim of improving grain yield and seed quality. During winter season of 2016-17, Chia and L. royleana seeds were sown using three methods including broadcasting, line sowing and nursery transplantation. Data regarding morphological, leaf biochemical and yield-contributing parameters were recorded. Results indicated that all morphological traits, leaf biochemical properties and yield-related attributes were significantly influenced by sowing methods, accessions and their interactions. However, there was a non-significant effect of sowing methods on nutritional composition of Chia seeds. Line sowing consistently produced the highest grain yield (410.69 kg. ha-¹), outperforming both broadcasting (329.23 kg. ha-¹) and nursery transplantation (227.59 kg. ha-¹). Among accessions, UAF-CBK recorded the highest grain yield (479.37 kg. ha-¹), surpassing UAF-CG, UAF-CSLBK and L. royleana. The study also clarified the common misconception that Chia and Tukhm-e-Bulangu are the same, revealing clear morphological differences.

The present investigation was carried out at Indira College of Pharmacy, Pune, Maharashtra, India, during 2024-25. Tomato fruits are widely used in preparing various food items of Indian cuisine for taste, flavor and colour. However, fresh tomato fruits typically exhibit a short shelf life at room temperature. In this study, coating the tomato fruits with 1 % chia seed mucilage significantly prolonged their shelf life up to 21 days compared to untreated controls. This enhanced preservation is primarily attributed to the hydrophilic nature and effective barrier properties of the chia seed mucilage (CSM). These properties effectively reduced moisture loss and limit oxygen permeability, which are key factors in delaying spoilage. The coating was effective in maintaining critical quality parameters such as titratable acidity, total soluble solids and antioxidant activity, thereby preserving both nutritional and sensory attributes. The findings highlight the potential of chia seed mucilage as a natural and biodegradable alternative to synthetic coatings for the preservation of fresh tomato fruits. CSM coatings not only address consumer demand for sustainable and eco-friendly postharvest solutions but also offer an innovative approach to reduce postharvest losses. Overall, this research underscores the promising role of CSM coatings in enhancing shelf life and maintaining the quality of fresh tomato fruits.

Effect of partial and total fat substitution by pecan nut (Carya illinoinensis) and chia (Salvia hispanica) oil-based hydrogels in beef Patties: Nutritional, sensory and omics-based volatile profile analysis

Effect of nitrogen and boron on growth and yield attributes of chia (Salvia hispanica L.)

Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is an emerging super foodsuperfood and medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and the centre of origin is in mountain areas of Guatemala and Mexico. Chia (Salvia hispanica L.) is gaining prominence as a superfood and medicinal plant within the Lamiaceae family, celebrated for its pseudocereal status and nutritional benefits worldwide. Introduced to India by the Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI) in Mysuru, it has swiftly spread across the country, including Karnataka's Kalyan-Karnataka region, owing to its rich nutritional profile and medicinal properties. The objective of the study is to estimate the economics of chia farming. The present study was conducted to study the efficiency of marketing channels of chia, focusing on Bidar and Kalaburagi districts, which are pivotal due to their significant chia cultivation areas. Primary data was gathered through surveys of 30 sample farmers from each district during the 2023-24 period, and a total of 15 marketing middlemen were chosen from each district. Thus, the total sample size was 90. The study showed that Channel-I is more cost-effective for chia growers, making it the preferred option despite its relatively higher transportation costs in the study area. The study revealed that the extent of producers’ share in consumer rupee in Bidar district was 87.42 and 83.50 per cent in Channel-I and Channel-II, respectively. Similarly, in Kalaburagi district, the extent of the producer’s share in consumer rupee was 87.56 and 85.85 per cent in Channel-I and Channel-II, respectively. The study revealed that chia growers in Bidar and Kalaburagi districts identified a lack of market information as the most critical issue, followed by price fluctuation. Strengthening the marketing information system and implementing a price support mechanism through the government could help empower growers, reduce costs, improve profitability, and ensure more sustainable chia cultivation in the region.