Salting-out Chromatography Research Articles

Separation and determination of linear and branched chain alkylbenzene sulfonates by salting-out chromatography

The separation and determination of biologically “soft” (LAS) and “hard” (ABS) alkylbenzene sulfonates in blends of the two was investigated by salting-out chromatography. The analytical conditions were as follows: column, 26 mm I.D. and 500 mm long; resin, Amberlite CG-50 (100–200 mesh); developing solution, 0.5 M ammonium sulfate-43% methanol solution; and column temperature, 50°. Quantitative separation of LAS and ABS was satisfactory and the peak resolution between them more than unity.

Preliminary studies on small molecular toxic components of elapid venoms

Abstract Venoms of certain elapid snakes ( Naja , Hemachatus , Ophiophagus , Bungarus , Dendroaspis and Pseudechis ) were dialyzed against distilled water for 48 hr. The dialysates were compared by chromatography and electrophoresis. Unlike viperid and crotalid venoms ( Vipera , Bitis , Crotalus and Bothrops ), elapid venoms are highly dialyzable (30–75 per cent). The toxic dialysates migrated by electrophoresis on Cellogel at pH 7·0 towards the cathode, and could be fractionated by salting-out chromatography. By column chromatography on CM-cellulose, dialysates of Naja naja , Pseudechis collettii and Bungarus fasciatus venom were separated into several fractions having different toxicity. Purified Naja -toxins (Cobrotoxin from Naja naja atra , α-toxin from Naja nigricollis and neurotoxin from Naja naja ) compared by salting-out chromatography showed different behaviour.

Separation of diacetyl, acetoin, and 2,3-butylene glycol by salting-out chromatography

Salting-out chromatography was found suitable for separating microgram quantities of diacetyl, acetoin, and 2,3-butylene glycol at room temperature. One milliliter of a solution containing 25 to 100 μg of each of the compounds to be separated is applied to the top of a column of Dowex 1-X8 anion-exchange resin in the sulfate form. The compounds are separated and eluted from a 1.9 × 27 cm column with 0.5 M (NH 4) 2SO 4 at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min, or from a 3.5 × 54 cm column with 0.5 M Na 2SO 4 at a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min. The compounds emerge from the columns quantitatively in decreasing order of polarity: 2,3-butylene glycol, acetoin, and diacetyl. The separated 2,3-butylene glycol is oxidized to acetoin with bromine water. With the compounds separated and the glycol converted to acetoin, the Westerfeld method can be used to complete the quantitative determinations.

Separation and determination of chlorobenzoic acid isomers by salting-out chromatography

Separation and determination of chlorobenzoic acid isomers by salting-out chromatography

Separation and determination of aminobenzoic acids isomers by saltingout chromatography

Separation and determination of aminobenzoic acids isomers by saltingout chromatography

Separation and Determination of Aromatic Sulfonic Acid Isomers by Salting-out Chromatography. Part. 2

Separation and Determination of Aromatic Sulfonic Acid Isomers by Salting-out Chromatography. Part. 2

Salting-out chromatography of serum proteins

The usefulness of salting-out chromatography is demonstrated by the separation of blood serum proteins on Sephadex. Conventional and highly purous ion exchangers generally can not be used because of irreversible Sorption of protuin.

Separation and Determination of Aromatic Sulfonic acid Isomers by Salting-out Chromatography. Part. 1

Separation and Determination of Aromatic Sulfonic acid Isomers by Salting-out Chromatography. Part. 1

Analysis of mixtures of mono-and di-alkyl orthophosphates

Quantitative separations of mixtures of mono- and di-alkyl orthophosphates by salting-out chromatography on special Dowex 50-X4 resins of low capacity are described. Dimers of some of the mono-alkyl esters have also been isolated.

Salting-out chromatography—VIII : Analysis of mixtures of monoalkyl esters of alkane-phosphonic acids and dialkyl esters of phosphoric acid

A method is described for the determination of each compound in a mixture of 19 acids of phosphorus.

Salting-out chromatography of water-insoluble alcohols and ketones

Salting-out chromatography of water-insoluble alcohols and ketones

Salting-out chromatography. A review.

The term salting-out chromatography is applied to the chromatography of organic nonelectrolytes through ion-exchange resins with salt solutions as eluents.

Salting-out chromatography—VII: Analysis of mixtures of dialkylphosphoric acids, alkanephosphonic acids, and orthophosphoric acid

Attempted separations of several phosphorus acids by gas-partition and anion-cxchange chromatography were unsuccessful. This paper describes a quantitative method of separation by salting-out chromatography on special Dowex 50-X4 resins of low capacity.

クロマトグラフィーによるマオウ・アルカロイドの分離定量 (第2報)

Although separately determination of l-methylephedrine from l-ephedrine or d-pseudoephedrine was found possible by the use of partition or adsorption chromatography, l-ephedrine and d-pseudoephedrine could not be separated by these procedures. Their separation was successfully effected by the use of salting-out chromatography. A column (20×500mm.) of Dowex-50 X 2 (200-400 mesh) carrying the sample was developed with 0.1M tripotassium phosphate to separate the two alkaloids and each alkaloid was determined by nonaqueous titration after extraction with chloroform.Combination of the method described in the preceding paper and the present one enables separatory determination of l-methylephedrine, l-ephedrine, and d-pseudoephedrine.

Salting-out chromatography—VI: Effect of the length of the hydrocarbon chain, the eluent salt, and the crosslinking and ionic form of the resin

Each increment of CH 2 in the hydrocarbon chain causes a nearly constant rise in the logarithm of C, the distribution ratio. Increases in the crosslinking of Dowex 1 cause increases in C, but increases in the crosslinking of Dowex 50 generally cause decreases in C. With water as eluent, the largest C values are obtained when the counter ion of the resin has the least salting-out ability. The interpretation of these effects and the effect of the eluent salt are discussed.

Salting-out chromatography : Aliphatic and polyglycol ethers, carboxylic acids by roger sargent and wm. rieman

Distribution ratios of 15 ethers were determined with various ammonium sulfate eluents and were used to determine the conditions necessary for the separation of five-and seven-component mixtures by salting-out chromatography. The application of this technique was found to be less successful than ion-exchange chromatography for the separation of carboxylic acids.

Salting-out chromatography : Aldehydes and Ketones

Mixtures of aldehydes and/or ketones have been separated by salting-out chromatography. The effects of such variables as sample size, flow rate, concentration of the eluent, cross-linking, mesh size, and type of resin on the elution behavior of the compounds were studied. Salting-out parameters were determined for thirteen ketones and four aldehydes. The differential pH method of Roe and Mitchell is applicable to the determination of carbonyl compounds in aqueous salt solutions.

Solubilization chromatography : Phenols and Alcohols

Mixtures of four phenols and of six aliphatic alcohols C 5 to C 9 have been separated by solubilization chromatography, a procedure in which the mixture is eluted from an ion-exchange resin with aqueous solutions of acetic acid. The effects of such variables as cross-linking, flow rate, and concentration of eluent on the elution behavior of the compounds were studied, and the results were compared with thosc obtained for the lower alcohols in salting-out chromatography.

Salting-out chromatography : Amines

The usefulness of salting-out chromatography to the analysis of amines is illustrated by separations of some complex mixtures The technique is applicable to primary, secondary, tertiary, aliphatic and atomatic amines Variables which affect the clution behavior are discussed and a method is provided by which the conditions necessary for the separation of a given mixture may be determined.

Salting-out chromatography of amino-acids and peptides in filter paper and other media.

EARLIER investigations in this Institute1 have shown that substances like dyestuffs and some proteins show a very marked increase of adsorption on to filter paper and other adsorbents in presence of salts in large concentrations. The adsorption may thus be increased from practically zero (in pure water) to considerable amounts, and the phenomenon may be utilized for chromatographic separations, using salt solutions of lower concentrations or even water for the elution. Similarly, Holman and Hagdahl2 found that the adsorption of fatty acids on to carbon from solutions in ethanol was very markedly increased if the solubility was reduced by adding water to the solution.