Salt Farmers Research Articles

SOCIALIZATION OF THE APPLICATION OF GEOMEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY IN PEOPLE'S SALT PRODUCTION AND MARKETING STRATEGY IN KUALA CANGKOY VILLAGE FIELD DISTRICT NORTH ACEH REGENCY

Socialization of service is aimed at salt farmers in developing geomembrane technology for smallholder salt businesses in accordance with local resource conditions and capacities, potential and capacity for salt development and marketing, and the availability of technology to increase sales of salt based on information technology, as well as technical management capabilities in one management. The problem with salt farmers is mostly coastal communities which are identical with helplessness, poverty and backwardness, especially from the socio-economic aspect. Traditional production technology, small production scale, and limited marketing and promotion strategies cause the products they produce are still far from prosperous due to low income. The low income of salt farmers makes it difficult for salt farmers to implement innovations and increase the productivity of salt farmers in various regions. The objectives of implementing science and technology activities for the community (PKM) are, firstly, geomembrane technology to increase the resource capacity of salt farmers in an effective and efficient manner, secondly to increase sales marketing results of salt production, thirdly to increase sales significantly through information technology promotion media, fourthly to create shelters. Ergonomically salt in Kuala Cangkoy, Lapang District. The specifications of the socialization results from community service produced can achieve economies of scale and be able to have salt carried out in an integrated manner in the marketing management system. Have a strong bargaining position in the market, both the primary product market and its derivative products based on information technology technology. The last is being able to increase the income of partner members collectively from the results of storing salt because the place is built according to ergonomic principles and from a marketing perspective.

Peningkatan Kemampuan Spasial Kebencanaan Masyarakat Pesisir Melalui Kegiatan Pemetaan Partisipatif (Studi Kasus Petani Garam Di Cirebon, Jawa Barat)

The coastal area is currently the epicenter of various disasters, both sporadic and routine, that has an impact on human activities. This study examines the implementation of participatory mapping to improve the spatial ability of coastal communities, especially salt farmers. The approach used is qualitative with the subject of salt farmers in Pangenan District, Cirebon. Data collection on participatory mapping was collected through interviews and Focus Group Discussions on 14 farmer groups. The results of this study explore previous tidal floods (rob) in 2016 and 2018, which caused economic losses for farmers. The two events also provide different risk perceptions; in 2016, farmers who occurred during the harvest season had a greater risk. Meanwhile, the 2018 incident is considered a lower risk because it occurred during the land preparation season.

Peranan Koperasi Mina Segara Dana dalam Meningkatkan Usaha Garam Beryodium di Desa Kusamba Kecamatan Dawan Kabupaten Klungkung Provinsi Bali

The Roles of Mina Segara Cooperative in Improving Iodized Salt Farming in Kusamba Village, Dawan District, Klungkung Regency, Bali Province. The definition of cooperative according to Law 25/1992 on cooperative is a business entity that acts as a driving force for the people's economy with the principle of kinship. The Mina Segara Cooperative, located in Kusamba Village, is a cooperative that acts as a production unit of iodized salt through the Uyah Kusamba program. This study aims to determine the roles of the Mina Segara Dana Cooperative in improving the iodized salt farming in Kusamba and the economic and social impacts of the cooperative for salt farmer families. This research is quantitative research with a descriptive analysis method. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires and through in-depth interviews. The results show that the roles of the cooperative include determining the purchase price, organizing standardized packaging of products, and helping promotion. The cooperative also facilitates government extension programs for salt farmers. Mina Segara Cooperative must be able to take advantage of online media as a new promotional medium to expand the market and increase sales.

CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES OF SALT FARMING IN OCCIDENTAL MINDORO, PHILIPPINES

This study drew the profile of the salt farm owners and farmers in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines; their salt production characteristics in terms of salt farm size, material used for salt beds and intended use of the salt produced and post-harvest practices. It also identified the constraints and challenges faced by the salt farm owners and farmers. Key Informant Interview using an interview guide was used to gather data from 52 salt farm owners/farmers. Results of the study indicate that the salt farm owners and farmers are males, between 41-55 years old married and belong to large households. The salt production area is 10 hectares or less, clay (from Vigan) and stones are used to line the crystallizers, and salt produced include agricultural grade salt for the coconut fertilization, yellow quality raw salt for bagoong and dried fish production, cleaning purposes, green quality raw salt for human consumption, iodized salt for human consumption (table salt), washed and refined salt for human consumption (table salt) and food industries (chips, biscuits). Findings of the study also revealed that majority of the salt farmers did not own a warehouse to store their salt and used sacks to package the salt. It is recommended that the Occidental Mindoro Salt Industry Road Map be translated into reality by providing government support to the industry in the form of research and development projects and programs on salt production, post-harvest, logistics and marketing strategies, provision of loan facility to augment capitalization and encourage industry-academe and government line agencies collaboration for an inclusive Occidental Mindoro Salt Industry revitalization.

Konsep pengembangan wisata garam Madura dengan analisis SWOT

This study aimed to determine the impact of salt tourism on salt farmers and the surrounding community and to find out the problems faced by salt tourism managers in Bunder Village, Pamekasan Regency. In addition, this study aims to examine and analyze the development of salt tourism in Madura. This study uses a quantitative approach. Sampling was done using the snowball sampling technique. The respondents of this study were salt farmers, village officials, tourism managers, village communities, and tourist visitors. Data collection techniques with interviews, field observations, and documentation. The analysis technique uses SWOT analysis. Based on the research results, it is known that the potential of salt land in four districts in Madura can be used as an opportunity to develop attractive salt tourism through the concept of salt tourism education (edutourism) and packaged with cultural and historical tourism. The salt tourism offered is unique, which gives visitors a different experience. The development of Madura salt tourism can be carried out optimally if there is a cooperation between academics, government, entrepreneurs, and the community

Dispelling the Ambivalence of Salt Farmer Welfare Policy: Study of Grassroots Ethnography in Local Wisdom Innovation in Mangunlegi Village

Economic problems and the complexity of salt production have riddled government policies to alleviate salt farmers’poverty. This raises the question of how to optimise policies that can impact the welfare of salt farmers. Basedon this problematization, this paper attempts to explore the ambivalence of government intervention in the PUGAR(People’s Salt Business Empowerment) policy to alleviate poverty for salt farmers in Mangunlegi Village, BatanganDistrict, Pati. Using an ethnographic approach, the search for policy studies that link the community and the government has illustrated the complexity of the economic growth of salt farmers in Mangunlegi. This complexity is shown by the declining income growth of salt farmers amid the presence of a survival strategy in articulating the meaning of local wisdom and the social environment when people adapt to government policies. The results of this study rest on the possibility of achieving the welfare of Mangunlegi salt farmers through their adaptability to government policies, which lead to grassroots social innovation. For this reason, this study pays attention to the implications of the research results, which reveal that the welfare of salt farmers can be realised if the policies issued by the government do not cause ambivalence. However, if salt farmers are given the freedom to formulate grassroots-based policies, social innovation can be realised. This is one of the solutions to poverty alleviation for salt farmers in Mangunlegi.

Empowerment of Farmer's Salt Smallholder and their Welfare

Efforts to fulfill salt self-sufficiency target and improve quality of smallholder's salt must be able to increase farmers’ income. Many policies have been implemented to achieve it, including empowering them through table salt technology. The study aims to analyze: 1) implementation of PUGAR, 2) impact of PUGAR on the farmers’ welfare, and 3) factors that influence farmers’ production in Pasuruan Regency. Primary data were collected from 40 farmers who were selected by simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using simple and multiple linear regression. The results showed that implementation of PUGAR was accepted by all salt processing communities and well implemented. There are four things that are very important for farmers: extension policy of PUGAR, the program is carried out on target, appropriate to regulations, and compatible to existing resources. PUGAR was perceived by farmers as being able to improve their welfare. The better farmers' perception, the more prosperous they will be.
 Factor that had a significant effect on salt production is only number of table salts. Age, education, number of family members, experience, amount of fuel, number of workers, length of salt production process, and price of salt had no effect on salt production. Limitation of the study is that welfare of salt farmers was just not measured, because it uses their perceptions with a Likert scale. Other researchers can measure welfare of farmers using equivalent variation (EV) and complementary variation (CV) in order to know quantitative changes in welfare.

Strategy For Development of Pharmaceutical Salt Business in Improving The Welfare of The Salt Farmers from Islamic Perspective

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country with a manageable sea area of 5.8 million km2. The marine and fisheries sector in Indonesia has become very strategic for the Indonesian people, especially in coastal communities, where most people rely on marine resources as a livelihood in the economic activities of coastal communities. One of the marine resources that can be processed is salt from seawater. The main objective of this research is to formulate a strategy for developing a pharmaceutical salt business to improve the welfare of smallholder salt farmers. The design of this study uses the SWOT-AHP method. The priority is to find strategic priorities that can improve the welfare of farmers, which refers to the economic perspective.

ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI NILAI EKONOMIS GARAM. (STUDI KASUS DI KECAMATAN TLANAKAN KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN)

This study aims to determine the factors that affect the economic value of salt and to determine the effect of fluctuations in the economic value of salt on the welfare of salt farmers. This research is a qualitative research, namely research that is used to determine the economic value of salt that occurs in the Tlanakan, Pamekasan. The population in this study were all members of salt farmers. The sample used in this study was 8 members. The data analysis technique in this study uses a process of systematically searching and compiling data obtained from interviews, field notes, and documentation. The conclusion of this study shows that imports are the biggest influence on local salt prices, consequently if imports continue, local salt cannot reach the price desired by farmers in meeting the needs and desires of their families.

KEBIJAKAN IMPOR DAN PERSAINGAN USAHA KOMODITAS GARAM MASA AWAL PRESIDEN JOKOWI-JK TAHUN 2015-2016

This study aims to describe the political dynamics in the formulation of salt import policies in Indonesia during the early administrationin Jokowi-JK 2015-2016 which were characterized by the practice of unfair business competition in the form of rent-seeking and monopoly. The primary questions that will guide the researcher are (1) what is the portrait of salt import policy during the early Jokowi-JK administration? and (2) how the relationship between private actors and bureaucratic ones in the domain of salt import policy through the Regulation of Indonesian Trade Ministry No. 125/2015?As qualitative research with a descriptive approach, this research utilizes in-depth interviews, observation, document tracking, and document analysis techniques in which a number of bureaucrats, entrepreneurs, and salt farmers were used as informants to mine the data.The results of this study show that Nawacita's priority agenda in the form of an economic policy package became the main foundation for the formulation of import policy (the Regulation of Indonesian Trade MinistryNo. 125/2015) which requires the government to abolish recommendations for import permits from the Ministry of Industry, import quotas, time of imports, and absorption of people's salt. As a result, political turmoil arose among salt farmers who considered the government reluctant to protect the salt of the people but instead prioritized the interests of entrepreneurs. Through such a policy, the state facilitated PT. Garam carries out a monopoly on the import of consumption salt to bring about the practice of unfair business competition between salt importers.This kind of political dynamics increasingly emphasizes that the formulation of public policies that do not go through a "fair" mechanism often enables the emergence of unfair business practices, monopoly, and rent-seeking.

Analysis of Amed Salt Farming Income in Purwa Kerhti Village, Abang District, Karangasem Regency, Bali

This study aims to determine (1) To find out the analysis of amed salt farming in Purwa Kerthi Village, Abang District, Karangasem Regency, Bali Province in 2020 (2) To find out the marketing system of amed salt Bali area in Purwa Kerthi Village, Abang District, Karangasem Regency, Bali Province in 2020. This research was conducted from March to July 2021. The data collection technique used the snowball sampling method with primary and secondary data. The sample used in the study consisted of 29 respondents. The data analysis method in this research is quantitative and qualitative data analysis. The results of the 2020 research in one season show that the total income of Amed Salt farming is Rp 748,182,000 with an average farmer income of Rp 31,174,250, the R/C ratio is 4 which means that the farm is profitable and the profitability of 3.09% indicates that it deserves to be developed. The marketing institutions involved in marketing the Bali area are the MPIG Garam Amed Cooperative (a producer as well as a wholesaler) and retailers. There are two marketing channels that are efficient, channel I produces a farmer's share of 100%, marketing margin and marketing agency of 0. Channel II produces a farmer's share of 61%, marketing margin and marketing agency Rp 22,125 and 39%. Based on the results of this study, it is hoped that the Purwa Kerthi Village will pay more attention to the existence of Amed Salt and expand its marketing reach to national and international levels.

RISK ASSESSMENT OF SALT WORKERS: AN ERGONOMIC APPROACH

This study focused on the ergonomic risk assessment of salt workers in Occidental Mindoro. The study intended to determine which work activities posed risks to the farm workers, find if significant relationship between profile variables and the total pain and body parts pain experienced by the salt workers from doing the work activities that posed risks. The Nordic Questionnaire was used to detect symptoms to the neck, back, shoulders and extremities. It is composed of 28 multiple choice questions and structured into two well-differentiated parts, the first part refers to symptoms in nine parts of the body(neck, shoulders, elbows, wrists/hands, upper back, lower back, hip/thighs, knees and ankles during the last 12 months. The second part refers to the symptoms in three parts of the body (neck, shoulders and lower back) throughout the subject’s working life/seven days beforehand. To interpret data, correlation analysis and descriptive statistics were used. Findings of the study revealed that the salt workers are middle adults, have been working in the salt farms for most of their lives, have heights and weights that are well within the average height and weight for Filipino males. Results further suggest that the work activities that posed risks and caused pain to the salt workers are, transporting salt, collecting salt and filling the salterns with brine. Further, age and years of working in the salt farms are also found to be significantly related to the pain in body parts experienced by the saltworkers in doing the activities that pose risks to them. The body parts that are likely to feel pain are neck, lower and upper back and knees. Lastly, in knowing the risky work activities of salt farmers, mitigation measures can be proposed.

Salt Productivity Investigation from the Human Resources Aspect

The territory of Indonesia is a country that has the fourth longest coastline in the world. This vast sea should be able to produce salt abundantly. This natural resource has not been processed optimally so that until now salt has become an imported commodity. This problem has not been able to find the right solution so that Indonesia does not need to import salt. Man's role is a very decisive thing in every production activity that he does. This research will explain salt productivity in terms of human resources. This research method is quantitative research, data analysis using multiple regression analysis. Age and skill have a positive and significant effect on the productivity of salt farmers. Experience has a negative and significant effect on the productivity of salt farmers. Age is related to the energy possessed to work on salt fields, to be able to increase salt production it takes strong energy and physical strength. Skills are needed in making technical steps about environmental situations and weather changes that occur. so with a strong physique and good skills it is expected that salt productivity will increase.

Livelihood of salt farmers in the context of environmental changes in Can Gio district, Vietnam

Agricultural production is highly dependent on the environment and sensitive to environmental changes. During the past time, the changes in natural and socio-economic factors have strongly affected salt production. Thus, salt farmers in Can Gio, Ho Chi Minh City have put great effort into implementing various solutions to overcome the difficulties to maintain production, secure income, stabilize life and preserve traditional occupation. To have a full and systematic view on this issue, a study on the livelihoods of salt farmers in the context of environmental changes was carried out. The study used the social survey method with a sample size of 106 salt-producing households in Can Gio district. Data collection tool is a structured questionnaire and data analysis methods are descriptive and inferential statistics. Results show that salt production is a livelihood that is easily vulnerable to changes in natural and socio-economic factors. As for the natural factors, early and erratic rains are the main risk for salt production. Regarding the socio-economic factors, unstable markets, falling selling prices and increasing production costs bring many risks to salt farmers. They perceive environmental changes and their impacts on their livelihoods. The current livelihood capacities of farmers including financial, technical and institutional capacities for salt production are not high. Solutions implemented locally to deal with negative environmental impacts include adjusting production inputs, diversifying livelihoods and connecting salt production areas with consumption markets.

RULA and REBA risk assessment system on salt workers in Occidental Mindoro, Philippines

This descriptive study focused on the ergonomic risk assessment of salt workers in Occidental Mindoro to determine which work activities posed risks to the farmworkers and assess the relationship between profile variables and the total pain and body parts pain experienced by the salt workers. The Nordic Questionnaire was used to detect symptoms composed of 28 multiple choice questions and structured into two well-differentiated parts; the first part refers to symptoms in nine parts of the body (neck, shoulders, elbows, wrists/hands, upper back, lower back, hip/thighs, knees, and ankles) during the last 12 months. The second part refers to the neck, shoulders, and lower back symptoms throughout the subject’s working life/seven days beforehand. Correlation analysis and descriptive statistics were used to interpret data. The study's findings revealed that the salt workers are middle adults, have been working in the salt farms for most of their lives, have heights and weights within the average height and weight for Filipino males. Results further suggest that the work activities that posed risks and caused pain to the salt workers are, transporting salt, collecting salt, and filling the salterns with brine. Moreover, age and years of working are also significantly related to the pain in body parts experienced by the salt workers in doing the activities that pose risks to them. The body parts that are likely to feel pain are the neck, lower and upper back, and knees. Lastly, in knowing the risky work activities of salt farmers, mitigation measures can be proposed.

Effects of Increasing Salinity by Drip Irrigation on Total Grain Weight Show High Yield Potential of Putative Salt-Tolerant Mutagenized Wheat Lines

Twenty-three lines from a mutagenized Bangladeshi BARI Gom-25 wheat population that included previously identified salt-tolerant lines, and the BARI Gom-25 control variety, were cultivated in a drip-irrigated salinity test field at Salt Farm Texel, Netherlands, to assess their performance during salt stress in European climatic conditions. Lines were tested at irrigation salinity levels of 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 dS m−1 in four repetitions of plots with 24 plants per plot. Average plant height, tiller number, spike length, frequency of live plants, and total grain weight (TGW) were recorded as functions of seasonal mean pore water salinity in the soil. Increases in salinity triggered reductions in all evaluated variables of the assessed lines and the control variety. However, nine mutagenized lines had at least twofold higher mean TGW than the control variety, 18.73 ± 4.19 g/plot at 1–16 dS m−1 salinity levels. Common models of salt tolerance confirmed this pattern, but there were no clear differences in salinity tolerance parameter estimates between the mutagenized lines and the control variety. Thus, despite the apparent similarity in responses of all lines to salinity increase, we clearly identified lines that tended to have higher TGW at given salinities than the control variety. This higher TGW at the full range of salinity treatments indicates not only a possible higher salinity tolerance but a higher yield potential as well. The mechanisms involved clearly warrant further attention.

Implementation Of A Capital Provision Policy For Common Fishermen Through People’s Business Credit Fund

This research aims to explore the implementation of micro business loans (KUR) for fishermen in Aceh Besar and Banda Aceh, the obstacles fishermen face in gaining access to KUR, and the local government's efforts to improve fishermen's access to financial and financial aid. Article 61 paragraph 1, of Law Number 7 of 2016 on the Protection and Empowerment of Fishermen, Fish Cultivators, and Salt Farmers states that the Central and Regional Governments shall, in accordance with their respective authorities, facilitate financial assistance and financial assistance for common fishermen, traditional fishermen, and labor fishermen. However, this policy has not worked as intended, and fishermen continue to have difficulty gaining access to financial assistance. This is an empirical legal investigation conducted in two districts or municipalities that are Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar. The interview technique is used to collect primary data (field data). Secondary data are derived from the findings of a literature review. The findings are the implementation of providing capital and financing for small fishermen had not gone according to plan, and fishermen had very limited access to capital assistance. Information that does not reach small fishermen, the inability to provide guarantees as a prerequisite for loans, and the inability of fishermen to repay loans are obstacles. Common fishermen are strengthened by the government's efforts to socialize the availability of capital and provide mentoring and training. It is suggested that the government make significant efforts to improve the standard of living of common or ordinary fishermen and provide easily accessible financing with small profit sharing and guarantees that it can easily provide.

Pengaruh Impor Garam terhadap Harga Garam dan Kemiskinan Petani Garam di Pulau Madura

National salt needs are increasing along with population growth and industrial development. The significant demand for salt from various industrial use led to different standardization of salt products produced. Madura Island is one of the salt-producing centers. But high salt production of Madura is not followed by the welfare of salt farmers. Therefore, a scientific study is needed to be related to the relationship of salt imports to national salt prices and the poverty of salt farmers, especially on Madura Island. The results show that salt imports do not significantly correlate with domestic salt prices. The Increasing volume of salt imports (% tons) can trigger a decrease in the price of raw material salt in Indonesia in the next two years. This means that increasing the import of salt can reduce or damage the price of raw material salt in the future or incoming year. Salt Exchange Rate (SER) is used to measure the well-being of salt farmers. The results obtained show a negative relationship between SER and the number of salt imports. There is a negative relationship between the exchange rate of salt farmers and the number of salt imports. This shows that the higher the number of salt imports, the consistently smaller value of SER, or the higher amount of salt imports, the salt farmers will be in deficit.

GIS Mapping of Salt Farms and Salt Supply Chain Actors in the Visayas and Mindanao, Philippines

The 2010 survey of the Nutrition Council of the Philippines (NCP) revealed dramatic changes in the level of participation of the salt supply chain actors and their production, processing, and marketing activities. Among the industry’s biggest challenges are: salt remains excluded from the list of priority commodities of the government; the changes in weather patterns due to climate change which adversely impact the production cycle; prominence of traditional methods of production; and low productivity of local farms. While remote sensing technologies including geographic information system (GIS) mapping have been widely adopted for the improvement of agricultural productivity in the Philippines, use of such in research that focuses on salt production and supply chain is still very limited. GIS maps are perceived as effective information library and decision support tool that can help the supply chain of the neglected salt industry. This study focused on the mapping of salt farms and their supply chain actors from selected salt production sites in the Visayas and Mindanao islands. Eleven provinces were included in the surveys of market intermediaries and end-consumers who were traced from salt producers. Their geographic coordinates were recorded and satellite and Google Earth images of the supply chain actors were digitized in ArcGIS 10.5 software to generate the maps, physical characteristics of which were examined for possible patterns. Results show that in Mindanao, the market areas (or the salt traders) are concentrated in Zamboanga del Sur particularly in Aurora and Zamboanga City, but the producers are in Alubijid and El Salvador City, Misamis Oriental. In the Visayas, traders are more scattered and are greater in number than in Mindanao.

The Effect of Entrepreneurship on Salt Business Performance in Jeneponto District, South Sulawesi

Salt is one of the strategic commodities as a component of human nourishment and raw material for sustainable industries. Like other agriculture and food business, developing entrepreneurial skills and behavior among salt producers is very important. This study aims to describe the characteristics of salt producers and examine the effects of entrepreneurial behavior on salt business performance. This study used a primary data of 120 salt producers in Jeneponto regency. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). The results showed that salt farmers in Jeneponto Regency had entrepreneurial characteristics seen from their experience and motivation in doing business. Entrepreneurial behavior had a positive and significant effect on the performance of the salt business. In addition, individual characteristics also have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial behavior, but the environment has no significant effect on salt entrepreneurial behavior in Jeneponto Regency. This study implies that improving entrepreneurial behavior of salt produces in Jeneponto Regency will increase their salt business performance. Keywords: business performance, entrepreneurial behavior, PLS-SEM, salt