Biochar enhances nitrogen removal and mitigates N2O emissions under salinity stress: Mechanism exploration and constructed wetland application.

Neurobehavioral and molecular responses of the endemic barbel Carasobarbus fritschii to pyriproxyfen, salinity, and thermal stress.

Modulation of nitric oxide mediated by phytoglobin1 plays a role in salinity tolerance via reduced nitro-oxidative stress in Arabidopsis.

Renal immune-inflammatory responses of Gymnocypris eckloni under acute salinity stress revealed by histopathology and transcriptomics.

Multi-omics unravels energy trade-offs and osmoregulatory strategies in Hyriopsis cumingii under salinity stress

Advances in the HAK/KUP/KT Potassium Transporter Family in Regulating Na+/K+ Homeostasis and Salt Tolerance in Plants.

Do extreme salinity fluctuations exacerbate AMPA toxicity? Experimental evidence and hazard characterization in Mediterranean mussels.

DNA methylation as a biomarker of salinity and contaminant stress in mangrove crab Ucides occidentalis.

Oxalic acid enhances wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) resilience to combined abiotic stresses through integrated physiological and rhizospheric microbial modulation.

A LEA2 domain-containing protein PpLEA37 promotes seed germination under salinity and drought stresses through abscisic acid signaling.

Molecular insights into melatonin-mediated stress tolerance in Dendrobium: Integrating antioxidant defense, hormonal networks, and omics approaches.

Synergistic inhibition and microbial adaptation in anammox systems under long-term salinity and fulvic acid stress.

Molecular characterization and functional role of GAT2 in osmotic regulation of Scylla paramamosain under acute low salinity stress

Volatile organic compounds from the salt-tolerant Glutamicibacter halophytocola KLBMP 5180 enhance salt stress tolerance in tomato seedlings by regulating antioxidant defense, ion homeostasis, and auxin, jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling pathways.

Genome-wide association study for salinity tolerance traits in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)

Physiological and immunological resilience of the Pacific oyster Magallana gigas (Thunberg, 1793) to fluctuating salinity.

Acclimation strategies of electroactive biofilm to adapt saline environment for rapid sensing of BOD.

Salinity stress is a major abiotic constraint limiting the growth, productivity, and essential oil quality of medicinal and aromatic plants, including lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). Therefore, this study was conducted during the 2022 and 2023 seasons to evaluate the effects of different salinity levels and silicon nanoparticle (SiNPs) applications on vegetative growth, rhizome characteristics, nutrient status, and essential oil yield and composition of lemongrass plants. The experiment aimed to (i) assess the impact of irrigation water salinity (0.7, 2, 4, and 6 dS m-1) on plant performance, (ii) investigate the role of SiNPs applied as a foliar (400, 800, and 1200mg L-1) treatments in alleviating salinity stress, and (iii) determine the interaction effects between salinity levels and SiNPs on growth and oil productivity. The results revealed that low salinity levels (0.7 and 2 dS m-1) significantly enhanced vegetative growth parameters, including plant height, number of tillers and leaves, biomass accumulation, and leaf area, as well as rhizome traits and essential oil yield, compared with higher salinity levels. In contrast, increasing salinity (4 and 6 dS m-1) markedly reduced growth, nutrient uptake (N, P, and K), and oil productivity, while increasing proline accumulation. The application of SiNPs, particularly at 1200mg L-1 (foliar), significantly mitigated the adverse effects of salinity by improving growth traits, enhancing photosynthetic efficiency, and promoting nutrient uptake. Moreover, SiNPs positively influenced essential oil yield and modified its chemical composition, increasing key constituents such as citral and related compounds under stress conditions. In conclusion, silicon nanoparticles effectively enhanced lemongrass tolerance to salinity stress and improved both yield and quality across both growing seasons. The combined application of appropriate salinity management and SiNPs represents a promising strategy for sustainable cultivation of lemongrass under saline environments.

Rice roots serve as the first line of defense to perceive salt stress. Therefore, in-depth exploration of the physiological and molecular regulatory mechanisms by which rice roots adapt to saline stress environments is crucial for understanding salt tolerance in rice. The physiological indicators, transcriptome and metabolome were performed on the roots of salt-tolerant cultivar HD961 and salt-sensitive cultivar IR29 at 0h, 12h and 72h after salt stress (SS) treatment with 150 mM in this study. The physiological results showed that HD961 had stronger antioxidant capacity relative to IR29. The down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were more than up-regulated DEGs in both rice cultivars through transcriptome comparative analysis. However, the results of the metabolomics were opposite. Comprehensive analysis of transcriptome and metabolome showed that flavonoid biosynthesis in both cultivars significantly responded to SS, and galactose metabolism was an important pathway to regulate HD961 salt resistance. Most of DEGs and significantly regulated metabolites (SRMs) in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway under SS were upregulated in both cultivars. The LOC_Os04g01354, LOC_Os11g32650 and LOC_Os12g02370 might be plausible candidate genes for salt tolerance regulation by the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. For galactose metabolism in HD961, 28 DEGs and 9 SRMs were identified, with D-sucrose being the highest content SRM and LOC_Os07g48830 being the DEG with highest expression. These results can provide a framework for further exploration of the molecular regulatory network of salt-tolerance.

Plants were exposed to four irrigation salinity levels (2, 4, 6, and 8 dS m⁻¹). Growth characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, soluble carbohydrates, proline accumulation, anthocyanin content, and DPPH radical scavenging activity were evaluated. Metabolic alterations induced by salinity stress were further analyzed using LC-MS and GC-MS techniques. Moderate salinity (6 dS m⁻¹) significantly increased biomass and fresh weight by 11.58% and 38.99%, respectively, compared with the baseline salinity treatment (2 dS m⁻¹). Soluble carbohydrate and proline contents also increased markedly under moderate salinity conditions, indicating osmotic adjustment responses. Anthocyanin accumulation was highest at 4 dS m⁻¹, whereas DPPH radical scavenging activity progressively increased with increasing salinity. In contrast, high salinity (8 dS m⁻¹) significantly reduced chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents. Metabolomic analyses revealed salinity-induced changes in organic acids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and antioxidant-related metabolites, including scopoletin, hydroxycaffeic acid, ferulic acid, and ascorbic acid. The results demonstrate that M. incana exhibits physiological and metabolite-associated responses under moderate salinity conditions through osmotic regulation and enhanced antioxidant-related metabolism. These findings provide new insights into salinity-responsive biochemical metabolic in ornamental Brassicaceae species.