Sulfurization-derived Fe3S4 in copper tailings as a peroxymonosulfate activator for efficient salicylhydroxamic acid degradation

A series of DyIII–AlIII metallacrowns(MC) with the ligand salicylhydroxamic acid (H3shi) wereinvestigated for magneto-structural interactions. The four MCs demonstratethat slight variations in reaction conditions and molecular componentscan lead to different classes of MCs. The DyIII–AlIII MCs include an archetype DyIIIAlIII4[12-MC-4], the dimer DyIII2AlIII8[12-MC-4]2, a [3.3.1] metallacryptand (MCr) DyIIIAlIII6[3.3.1], and DyIII2AlIII6[18-MC-6], representing a new type of MC. DyIII2AlIII6[18-MC-6] consists ofa MC ring with six ring AlIII ions that have an octahedralpropeller configuration with a stereoisomer pattern ΔΛΛΛΔΔabout the MC ring. The 18-MC-6 captures a [DyIII2(μ3-OH)2]4+ core, where eachDyIII ion is nine-coordinate with muffin geometry (Cs). Both the static and dynamic magnetic propertiesof the complexes were investigated. Models of the static magneticdata reveal that DyIIIAlIII4[12-MC-4] and DyIII2AlIII8[12-MC-4]2 do not havea significant axial ligand field, as the DyIII ions havea square antiprism geometry (D4d). However,a similar analysis demonstrates that DyIIIAlIII6[3.3.1] and DyIII2AlIII6[18-MC-6] do have asignificant axial component to the ligand field, as the DyIII ions in these complexes have spherical capped square antiprism (C4v) or muffin geometry, respectively. The DyIII geometry differences lead to differing dynamic magneticsusceptibility behavior. DyIIIAlIII4[12-MC-4] and DyIII2AlIII8[12-MC-4]2 do not display a frequency-dependent out-of-phase magneticsusceptibility signal in the absence of a static magnetic field. Afrequency-dependent signal is observed only with the application ofan 800 Oe magnetic field. However, DyIIIAlIII6[3.3.1] and DyIII2AlIII6[18-MC-6] do exhibitSMM behavior in the absence and presence of a static magnetic field.For DyIIIAlIII6[3.3.1] and DyIII2AlIII6[18-MC-6], the effective energy barrier to magnetizationrelaxation (Ueff) with an 800 Oe magneticfield is 59 ± 2 and 35 ± 2 cm–1 with τ0 = 2.5 ± 0.7 × 10–8 and 3.5 ±1.1 × 10–8 s, respectively.

5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a natural and environmentally friendly plant growth regulator that plays an important role in enhancing plant tolerance to a wide range of environmental stresses. Exogenous application of ALA enables rapid and efficient physiological regulation. Additionally, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) enhances salt tolerance in tomato seedlings by regulating ALA to promote jasmonic acid (JA) accumulation and strengthening the antioxidant defense system. To investigate how exogenous ALA alleviates salt stress physiologically, this study used ‘Condine Red’ tomato as the experimental material and examined the effects of MeJA-mediated ALA on the growth characteristics and stress tolerance mechanisms of tomato seedlings under salt stress. The results indicated that salt stress significantly inhibited tomato seedling growth, leading to marked reductions in biomass, chlorophyll content, and the enzymatic activities of POD, CAT, and APX. In contrast, SOD activity, MDA content, NPQ, soluble protein content, proline content, endogenous JA levels, and the expression of related genes were significantly increased. Under salt stress, exogenous application of ALA and MeJA alleviated the inhibitory effects on tomato seedlings. However, SHAM (salicylhydroxamic acid) aggravated salt stress damage to plants. The addition of ALA significantly mitigated these salt stress-induced injuries. These findings suggest that ALA may enhance salt tolerance in tomato seedlings by promoting JA accumulation and bolstering the antioxidant defense system.

Kinetics and influencing factors of fine particle cassiterite flotation with salicylhydroxamic acid

Plant pathogenic fungi may escape the toxicity of quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides by activating alternative oxidase (AOX) located on the mitochondrial membrane. It is known that salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) acts as an inhibitor of AOX for the sensitivity to QoI fungicides. In the present study, the activity of SHAM was investigated on the efficacy of kresoxim-methyl using <i>Diaporthe citri</i>-resistant isolates by comparison with sensitive isolates. In both isolates, SHAM led to reduction of mycelium growth, indicating that SHAM plays a role in reduction mycelium growth. SHAM also enhanced the efficacy of kresoxim-methyl in the reduction of disease severity by the resistant isolate, however the efficacy was much lower compared to those by the susceptible isolate. Also, high germination rate and hyphal growth of the resistant isolate on the leaves treated with kresoxim-methyl with SHAM were observed under a fluorescence microscope. Therefore, these results would be valuable to establish a strategy for controlling citrus Melanose using QoI fungicide in the field.

In this study, 24 fungal isolates were obtained from rice leaves exhibiting brown spots in paddy fields of Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea, and were identified as <i>Nigrospora oryzae</i> through ITS sequence analysis. <i>N. oryzae</i> 21OCN1 exhibited vigorous mycelial growth at 25°C on potato dextrose agar, oatmeal agar, and V8 agar media, while conidial production was significantly enhanced on Czapek-Dox agar medium under combined ultraviolet (UV) exposure and aeration. Pathogenicity tests revealed that <i>N. oryzae</i> 21OCN1 was pathogenic to rice leaves and panicles at the heading stage, but no disease symptoms were observed on panicles at the ripening stage. Fungicide sensitivity was evaluated using the agar dilution method, and fungicides belonging to Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) mode of action code (MOA) C3, C5, and G1 exhibited strong inhibitory effects on mycelial growth. In particular, for strobilurin fungicides (MOA code; C3), the addition of 100 μg/ml of salicylhydroxamic acid to the medium clearly distinguished between sensitive and resistant isolates. A G143A amino acid substitution in the <i>cyt b</i> gene was confirmed in resistant isolates. These findings enhance our understanding of the mycelial growth, sporulation, pathogenicity, and fungicide response of <i>N. oryzae</i>, and provide a valuable basis for the development of effective management strategies for rice diseases caused by this pathogen.

This study systematically investigates the crystal properties of bastnaesite and the adsorption mechanisms of salicylhydroxamic acid (SHA) and 2-hydroxy-3-naphthyl hydroxamic acid (2-H-3-NHA) onto the bastnaesite (100) surface using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Computational results indicate that bastnaesite cleavage primarily occurs along Ce-O and Ce-F ionic bonds during dissociation, with the {100} plane identified as the most preferential cleavage direction due to its lowest surface energy. The chemical reactivity and adsorption behaviors of both collectors were thoroughly examined with adsorption energy calculations quantifying their surface affinity. Comparative analysis reveals that 2-H-3-NHA demonstrates significantly greater adsorption stability and chemical reactivity than SHA. This enhanced performance is attributed to the naphthalene ring's superior steric hindrance effect and the presence of longer carbon chains compared to the benzene ring in SHA. These findings are consistent with results from the pure mineral flotation tests. Collectively, this work provides an atomic-level understanding of hydroxamic acid collector interactions with bastnaesite surfaces, offering valuable guidance for designing high-performance rare earth mineral flotation reagents.

Corrigendum to “Effects of methyl jasmonate and salicylhydroxamic acid on the biosynthesis of flavonoids in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. hairy roots” [Plant Stress, Volume 15, March 2025, 100774

Identification and characterization of a laterally transferred alternative oxidase (AOX) in a terrestrial insect, the dipteran Pseudolycoriella hygida.

Elucidating the DNA binder interaction: a spectroscopic and computational study of fuchsine basic and salicylic hydroxamic acid

Effects of methyl jasmonate and salicylhydroxamic acid on the biosynthesis of flavonoids in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. hairy roots

Halo blight of hop, caused by Diaporthe humulicola, has increased in eastern North America since 2018. When left untreated, the disease can cause yield loss ranging from 17 to 56%. Currently, there are no fungicides registered for use on halo blight of hop. From 2020 to 2022, field trials were conducted using 10 fungicides registered for use on powdery and downy mildew of hop to determine their efficacy against halo blight. To validate field results, the effective concentration of fungicide required for 50% growth inhibition (EC50) value was determined for each active ingredient including flutriafol, tebuconazole + fluopyram, cyflufenamid, and trifloxystrobin + salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM). Each fungicide tested had an EC50 value less than 50 ppm. A discriminatory dose was used to test the sensitivity of 206 D. humulicola isolates collected from the eastern United States and Canada in a poison agar assay. Results showed that tebuconazole + fluopyram decreased the incidence and severity of halo blight in the field. Also, this fungicide combination had EC50 values of 2.26 × 10-1 ppm and significantly reduced the growth of most of the isolates tested. Trifloxystrobin + SHAM decreased the presence of halo blight in the field trial, but some isolates were less sensitive in discriminatory dose testing. Our results show that fungicides in FRAC groups 3, 7, and 11 were the most effective to control halo blight. Analyses of field trials showed a positive correlation between the severity of early-season downy mildew infections and late-season halo blight infections.

Salicylhydroxamic acid intercalated layered double hydroxide for efficient uranium uptake from seawater

Chemical mechanical polishing on cobalt-based barrier through dual functionality of salicylhydroxamic acid between the removal of copper and corrosion inhibition

An elicitor, chitosan (CHT), induces stomatal closure in plants, which is accompanied by salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM)-sensitive peroxidases-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in guard cells. Reactive carbonyl species (RCS) function downstream of ROS in abscisic acid (ABA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) signalling in guard cells. However, the involvement of RCS in CHT-induced stomatal closure is still unknown. In this study, we used transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana 2-alkenal reductase (AER-OE tobacco) and Arabidopsis wild-type (WT) plants to investigate whether RCS is involved in CHT-induced stomatal closure. Chitosan-induced stomatal closure was inhibited in the tobacco AER-OE plants. In the WT tobacco and Arabidopsis plants, CHT-induced stomatal closure was inhibited by RCS scavengers, carnosine and pyridoxamine. Chitosan significantly increased RCS production in the WT tobacco and Arabidopsis, but in the tobacco AER-OE plants, chitosan did not increase significantly RCS accumulation. Moreover, neither the application of RCS scavengers to both WT plants nor scavenging RCS by AER-OE affected the CHT-induced ROS accumulation. However, treatment with a peroxidase inhibitor, SHAM, significantly inhibited CHT-induced RCS accumulation in WT tobacco and Arabidopsis plants. Taken together, these results suggest that RCS acts downstream of ROS production in CHT signalling in guard cells of A. thaliana and N. tabacum.

Superoxide dismutases (SODs) play crucial roles in cellular oxidative stress defense. In Aspergillus nidulans, SodB is a mitochondria-localized SOD whose physiological function remains poorly understood. Here, we show that a ΔsodB mutant displays impaired growth on non-fermentable carbon sources including acetate, ethanol, threonine, and Tween 20/80, suggesting compromised mitochondrial function. Oxygen consumption assays using an extracellular oxygen consumption reagent revealed a ~50% reduction in respiratory activity in the ΔsodB strain compared to the wild type. When mitochondrial respiration was inhibited by Antimycin A or salicylhydroxamic acid, giant colony growth was equally suppressed across wild-type, ΔsodA, ΔsodB, and complemented strains. However, conidial production was significantly reduced in ΔsodB under Antimycin treatment, and morphological abnormalities in conidiophore heads were observed under this condition. These results indicate that SodB is not only involved in mitochondrial respiration but also required for maintaining normal sporulation under mitochondrial stress conditions. This study provides new insights into the role of mitochondrial ROS defense systems in filamentous fungal development.

The experiment was conducted in the year 2020-2021 to study the seed priming technologies and their effects on seed quality and seed physiological parameters under salinity stress conditions in safflower were analysed. The experiment was laid out in a factorial complete randomised design consists of seven differentseed priming chemicals like control (untreated), hydropriming, KCI, Salicylic acid, Salicylhydroxamic acid, chitosan and Penconazole. And five levels of salt stress condition were created using NaCl which includes 0 (control), 5 gL-1, 10 g L-1, 15 g L-1 and 20 g L-1. The experiment was carried out in two replications and the effect of priming on some physiological responses of safflower seeds was studied. The results of this investigation showed that seed priming caused a significant increase in all the different seed physiological factors viz. germination %, shoot length, root length, germination factor, Seedling vigour index I and Seedling vigour index II of the safflower seeds. And also results revealed that, Seed priming with KCI and salicylic acidimproved the first count (%), seed germination %, shoot length, root length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index I and seedling vigour index II in both control and salt stress conditions compared to unprimed seeds. Hence, these results have practical implications thatthe pre-sowing seed treatment with KCI and salicylic acid could enhance the seed germination and other physiological attributes of safflower seeds under salinity condition.

Mitigation strategies of salicylhydroxamic acid collector with oxalic acid in goethite flotation

Flotation performance and adsorption mechanism of monazite after the transformation of hydrogen-based mineral phase by octyl hydroxamic acid

Application of a laccase-catalyzed oxidative coupling for the removal and detoxification of typical flotation reagent salicylhydroxamic acid