Sagittal Relationship Research Articles

The Association between Maxillomandibular Sagittal Relationship and Pharyngeal Airway Passage Dimensions

The Association between Maxillomandibular Sagittal Relationship and Pharyngeal Airway Passage Dimensions

Occlusal traits of 4-5-year-old Estonians. Parents' perception of orthodontic treatment need and satisfaction with dental appearance.

This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of occlusal traits and to assess parents'/caregivers' satisfaction with child's dental appearance and perception of orthodontic treatment need in 4–5‐year‐old Estonians. Clinical records and plaster casts of 390 children (190 girls and 200 boys, mean age 4.7 years, range 4 – 5 years) were analyzed. Assessed occlusal traits included deciduous canine and second molar sagittal relationship, overjet, overbite, crowding, midline diastema, crossbite, and scissor bite. Parents'/caregivers' opinions regarding their child's teeth were determined with a questionnaire. The most prevalent occlusal traits were symmetrical sagittal relationship in deciduous canines (78.2%) and molars (75.1%), Class I sagittal relationship in deciduous canines (69.7%) and midline diastema (67.7%). Asymmetrical sagittal canine relationship was registered in 21.8% deciduous canines and in 24.9% second deciduous molars. Parents'/caregivers' perceived orthodontic treatment need was related to Class III sagittal relationship in canines, increased overjet and overbite, negative overbite, and crossbite. Prevalence of most occlusal traits in Estonian children were in line with those reported in neighboring countries. Parents/caregivers were well able to observe occlusal traits that deviated from acceptable occlusion.

A radiographic study on craniofacial morphology and dental development in the Jordanian patients with ß-thalassemia major

Objective of the Study: This study aimed to study the cephalometric features of Jordanian patients diagnosed with ß-thalassemia major and compare their dental development with their chronological age.Subjects and Methods: This was a case–control study. Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 27 thalassemia patients and controls (matched for age and ethnic origin) were analyzed and compared. Panoramic radiographs of 18 thalassemia patients were analyzed by the Demirjian system to assess their dental development and compare with their chronological age using t-test, with P < 0.05 set as the level of statistical significance.Results: Thalassemia patients exhibited a highly significant difference, compared to the controls, in sagittal relationship (ANB), mandibular plane inclination (MxP/MnP), anterior rotation of the maxilla (SN/Mxp), the ratio of posterior to anterior face height, and the upper incisors' distance to the maxillary base (P < 0.005). Prominent upper and lower lips (P < 0.001) and an acute nasolabial angle (P < 0.05) were evident in thalassemia patients compared to controls. Thalassemia patients had a delay in dental development with advancing age. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.001) between the extent of this delay and chronological age, which indicates that the delay increases, as the patient gets older.Conclusions: Jordanian ß-thalassemia major patients have a Class II skeletal pattern, a prominent vertical growth direction of the mandible, protruded upper and lower lips, and proclined upper incisors. Furthermore, they have a delay in dental development with advancing age.

Variation of Facial Soft Tissue Thickness in Nepalese Adult Orthodontic Subjects

Introduction: Variations in facial soft tissue thickness have been established previously by studies conducted in different population. Hence, it is essential to obtain facial soft tissue thickness measurement data specific to a population and develop individual standards. The objective of this research is to obtain facial soft tissue thickness data of Nepalese adult male and female subjects seeking orthodontic treatment with different sagittal skeletal malocclusion and evaluate variations in facial soft tissue thickness.&#x0D; Materials &amp; Method: Facial soft tissue thicknesses was measured manually on ninety pretreatment lateral cephalogram at eleven points (Glabella, Nasion, Rhinion, Subnasale, Labrale superius, Stomion, Labrale inferius, Labiomentale, Pogonion,Gnathion and Menton). One-way Analysis of variances [one-way ANOVA] followed by Least significant difference (LSD) post hoc test was used to determine difference in facial soft tissue thickness measurements among three sagittal skeletal group for both sexes. In addition, Student’s t-test was used to find difference in facial soft tissue thickness between the male and female subjects in each skeletal Class.&#x0D; Result: Statistically significant differences were found at points Rhinion, Subnasale, Labrale superius, Stomion and Gnathion in males and at Subnasale, Labrale superius, Stomion and Labrale inferius in females while comparing facial soft tissue thickness among three sagittal skeletal classes. Also, it was observed that mean facial soft tissue thickness was greater for males as compared to female subjects with significant differences at Subnasale, Labrale superius, and Labrale inferius in each skeletal Class.&#x0D; Conclusion: Facial soft tissue thickness varies considerably among different population group, sex and sagittal relationship of jaws.

Buccal cortical bone thickness in different sagittal skeletal relationship

PurposeTo assess buccal cortical bone thickness of the alveolar process in the maxilla and mandible in subjects with different skeletal relationship as an aid in orthodontic miniscrew placement. Materials and methodsThe study was carried out using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 94 adult subjects with skeletal Class I, II or III sagittal relationship and normal mandibular plane angle. Buccal cortical bone thickness was obtained at the alveolar processes from canine to second molar at 2 different vertical levels (6, and 8mm) from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse differences in cortical bone thickness. ResultsThe difference in mean values of buccal Cortical thickness was significant between the three skeletal classes in both arches and all sites except for the site between first and second mandibular molars (P<0.05). In the mandible, buccal cortical plate was thickest between first and second molar in all skeletal classes. In the maxilla, the highest cortical bone thickness for Class I subjects was between first and second molar, for Class II subjects was between canine and first premolar, and for Class III subjects was between first and second premolar. Mandibular measurements increase apically and posteriorly in all skeletal classes. ConclusionsBuccal cortical bone thickness could be influenced by skeletal relationship. The mandible shows a similar pattern for all skeletal classes. In the maxilla each skeletal relationship shows a different pattern. Skeletal relationship need to be considered in site choice for miniscrew placement.

Occlusal traits, orthodontic treatment need and treatment complexity among untreated 17–21-year-olds in Estonia

Objective: To analyze data on occlusal traits, orthodontic treatment need and treatment complexity in orthodontically untreated 17–21-year-old Estonians.Materials and methods: Clinical records and plaster casts of 390 untreated young adults (219 females and 171 males, mean age 18.5 years, range 17–21 years) were analyzed. Assessed occlusal traits included first molar and canine sagittal relationship, overjet, overbite, crowding, midline diastema, crossbite and scissor bite. The Index of Complexity, Outcome and Need (ICON) was used to assess orthodontic treatment need and complexity. Participants’ opinions regarding their teeth were determined with a questionnaire.Results: The most prevalent occlusal traits were Class I sagittal relationship in canines (76%) and molars (70%), crowding (51%), overbite ≥3.5 mm (48%), the end-to-end sagittal relationship in canines (48%) and overjet ≥3.5 mm (47%). Antero-posterior asymmetry was common both in canines (39%) and molars (37%). According to ICON, 36% of participants had orthodontic treatment need.Conclusions: Desire for orthodontic treatment was associated with crowding and increased overjet, and with no gender difference, participants’ main expectation of treatment was an improvement in dentofacial aesthetics. Treatment needs determined with ICON was moderate and in line with the participants’ desire for orthodontic treatment.

Effect of modified twin block appliance used for distoclusion treatment on stomatognathic system

Aim. Study of the effect of modified twin block activator used for distoclusion treatment on stomatognathic system and its improvement. Methods. 55 patients with skeletal distoclusion were examined. Out of them 28 patients treated orthodontically comprised the study group and 27 non-treated patients were included into the control group. The patients' age was 10-14 years (mean age 11.78±0.91), the duration of treatment was 1.5-2 years (mean duration 1.82±0.43). To avaluate the changes in stomatognathic system, cephalometric analysis was performed before and after treatment, and in the control group cephalometric analysis was performed with a 2-year interval. Results. During treatment with modified twin block appliance, SNB angle reached norm (80°). This is an important positive result in the treatment of distoclusion. ANB angle reflecting sagittal relationship between the upper and lower jaws and WITS decreased and reached normal size. Overjet normalized due to upper incisors retrusion and repositioning of the mandible forward in patients of the study group. In this group due to changes in soft tissues, in-profile esthetic and harmonious appearance of lips and chin was restored. In case of relative physiological rest the opened lips became closer and provided esthetic optimum of the face. Conclusion. Use of modified twin block appliance for the treatment of patients with distoclusion due to repositioning of the mandible forward allows improving sagittal relationship between the upper and lower jaws as well as overjet correction without increasing face height; use of modified twin block appliance allows normalizing sagittal occlusion and protrusion of upper incisors and upper lip.

Sella Turcica Bridging as a Predicator of Dentofacial Anomalies: A Cephalometric Analysis

Introduction: Sellar changes are associated with several dentofacial anomalies. Clinicians should be aware of different morphological varaiants of sella turcica (ST).Objective: To find the prevalence of sella turcica bridging and to analyze the absence or presence of bridging with a spectrum of dentofacial anomalies.Materials &amp; Method: 710 case records were selected from the database; out of which 473 subjects met the inclusion criteria. 280 lateral cephalogram revealed a normal shape of ST. Among them, 71 subjects were selected by interval sampling which were taken as the control group. Among initial 473 subjects, 78 samples showed ST bridging and were taken as the study group. Dental casts and radiographs (panoramic and cephalometric) were evaluated to find any dentofacial anomalies. Subjects were divided on the basis of dentofacial anomalies such as abnormal tooth position, size, shape, number, malocclusion, sagittal skeletal relationship. Chi-square test and binomial logistic regression analysis were done to find the association and correlation among the variables.Result: In the study group, 32 subjects showed a complete bridging and 46 subjects a partial bridging of the sella turcica. There was no significant association between ST bridging and age, gender or ethnic groups. However, there was significant association (p=0.001) between the presence of bridging and dentofacial anomalies when compared with the control group.Conclusion: The occurrence of ST bridging is 16.49% with no association to age, gender and ethnic groups in a Nepalese sample. Sella turcica bridging can be used as a diagnostic tool for early prediction of dentofacial anomalies

ESPACIO LIBRE INTEROCLUSAL EN LAS MORDIDAS PROFUNDAS: POSIBILIDAD DE EXTRUSIÓN DE LOS SECTORES POSTERIORES

Los problemas verticales en las desarmonías dentomaxilares son muy comunes, la mordida profunda como característica de la clase II 2da división podría resolverse comprendiendo el problema en otra perspectiva, inmiscuyendo en el tratamiento otro tipo de opciones que la mera intrusión de los sectores anteriores. La participación de dispositivos como placas de levante posterior ayudan a modificar el plano oclusal, tratando las curvas de la oclusión, modificando el engrama muscular del paciente. Se realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre las posibles causas de la mordida profunda y la influencia de las placas de levante lateral en el Espacio libre interoclusal como característica individual especifica de la clase II 2da división. El uso de las placas de levante lateral traslada principios de la ortopedia funcional de los maxilares a la ortodoncia, modificación del plano oclusal, propiciando la erupción pasiva de sectores posteriores, creando una nueva relación sagital en el sector anterior.

DYNAMICS OF CHANGES IN SAGITTAL SPINAL-PELVIC ALIGNMENT DURING STAGED SURGICAL TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CONCOMITANT DEGENERATIVE-DYSTROPHIC LESIONS TO THE HIP AND SPINE

The paper presents results of staged surgical treatment of patients with concomitant degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the hip and spine. The analysis of clinical observation suggests the possibility of decompensation of degenerative-dystrophic disease of the lumbosacral spine accompanied by spinal canal stenosis and instability of spinal motion segments after total hip arthroplasty. Decompression surgery eliminating spinal canal stenosis allows to restore lumbar lordosis and manage the pain syndrome. Surgical decompression combined with correction and fixation of the lower lumbar motion segments allows to normalize sagittal spinal-pelvic relationship by restoring both lumbar lordosis and anatomic pelvic anteversion.

Evaluation of buccolingual molar inclinations among different vertical facial types.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare the buccolingual inclination of maxillary and mandibular molars in adults with different vertical facial types.MethodsCone-beam computed tomography images of 135 adult patients (age, 20–45 years) with skeletal Class I maxillomandibular relationships were assigned to normodivergent (n = 46), hypodivergent (n = 49), and hyperdivergent groups (n = 40) according to linear and angular sella-nasion/gonion-menton measurements. The normodivergent group consisted of 24 females and 22 males, hypodivergent group of 26 females and 23 males, and hyperdivergent group of 24 females and 16 males. Buccolingual inclination of the maxillary and mandibular first and second molars was measured relative to the occlusal plane. One-way analysis of variance was used for intergroup comparison. Gender differences were evaluated using independent t-tests.ResultsBuccolingual molar inclinations did not differ significantly between females and males (p > 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences among the buccolingual inclinations of the first and second maxillary and mandibular molars of the groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsBuccolingual inclinations of maxillary and mandibular molars are similar in normodivergent, hyperdivergent, and hypodivergent adults with Class I sagittal relationships.

Mandibular response after rapid maxillary expansion in class II growing patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial

BackgroundThe aim of this pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate the sagittal mandibular response induced by rapid maxillary expansion (RME) therapy in mixed dentition patients with class II malocclusion, comparing the effects of bonded RME and banded RME with a matched untreated class II control group.MethodsThis RCT was designed in parallel with an allocation ratio of 1:1:1. The sample consisted of 30 children with a mean age of 8.1 ± 0.6 years who were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 treated with bonded RME, group 2 treated with banded RME, and group 3 the untreated control group. All patients met the following inclusion criteria: early mixed dentition, class II molar relationship, transverse discrepancy ≥ 4 mm, overjet ≥ 5 mm, and prepubertal skeletal maturity stage (CS1–CS2). The expansion screw was activated one quarter of a turn per day (0.25 mm) until overcorrection was reached. For each subject, lateral cephalograms and plaster casts were obtained before treatment (T1) and after 1 year (T2). A randomization list was created for the group assignment, with an allocation ratio of 1:1:1. The observer who performed all the measurements was blinded to group assignment. The study was single-blinded in regard to statistical analysis.ResultsRME was effective in the correction of maxillary deficiency. Class II patients treated with both types of RME showed no significant improvement of the anteroposterior relationship of the maxilla and the mandible at both skeletal and occlusal levels. The acrylic splint RME had significant effects on reducing the skeletal vertical dimension and the gonial angle.ConclusionsThe orthopedic expansion did not affect the sagittal relationship of class II patients treated in the early mixed dentition when compared with the untreated control group. Additional studies with a larger sample are warranted to elucidate individual variations in dento-skeletal mandibular response to the maxillary expansion protocol in class-II-growing patients.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.govNCT03159962.

Application of the index of orthognathic functional treatment need (IOFTN) on patients with dentofacial deformity: A retrospective analysis

ObjectiveThe aim of this retrospective review was to assess the usage of the IOFTN in a South East Asian craniofacial deformity center setting with regards to patients having dentofacial deformity indicated for orthognathic surgery. MethodsA retrospective study was carried out on patients who had undergone orthognathic surgery at Selayang hospital from January 2011 to February of 2017. Variables measured included skeletal sagittal relationship, malocclusion classification, type of osteotomy, IOTN score and IOFTN score. Results84 patients with a mean age of 21.38 was included in the study. The most prevalent IOFTN score in our sample was 5.3 (33.3%) followed by 4.3 (13.1%). 33.4% of patients were classified as having a great need for treatment and 57.1% a very great need for treatment. 9.5% of patients have a moderate need for treatment. No patients were graded below 3. ConclusionThe IOFTN is a reliable tool and a more accurate indicator of treatment need for patients with dentofacial deformity requiring orrthognathic surgery compared to the IOTN.

Occlusal traits and orthodontic treatment need in 7‐ to 10‐year‐olds in Estonia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of occlusal traits and orthodontic treatment need and complexity in Estonian 7‐ to 10‐year‐old children. This data provides solid information for planning of orthodontic care. Data of 392 Estonian children (198 girls and 194 boys, mean age 9.0 years, range 7.1–10.4 years) was analysed in this cross‐sectional study. Assessed traits included first molar and canine sagittal relationship, overjet, overbite, crowding, midline diastema, crossbite, and scissor bite. Orthodontic treatment need and complexity were assessed using the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need. Parents' opinion regarding their child's teeth was determined using a questionnaire. The most prevalent occlusal traits were canine class I sagittal relationship (73.7%), midline diastema (73.0%), molar class I sagittal relationship (57.4%), and overbite ≥3.5 mm (51.8%). According to the Index of Complexity, Outcome, and Need, 64.3% of Estonian elementary school children were in need of orthodontic treatment. Treatment complexity was simple in 12.5%, mild in 38.8%, moderate in 22.7%, difficult in 14.0%, and very difficult in 12.0% of the children. Approximately 66.4% of the parents felt that their child needed orthodontic treatment. This study confirms earlier findings indicating that the most frequent sagittal relationship is class I in the first molars and class I in the canines. However, the sagittal relationship was asymmetric in more than half of the children. Correlation between objectively defined treatment need and parents' desire for treatment was high in Estonia.

ANALYSIS AND PLANNING OF HINDFOOT DEFORMITY CORRECTION IN SAGITTAL PLANE

Background. The disadvantage of the known methods of analysis and planning of hindfoot deformities in the sagittal plaBackground. Long bone deformity planning is well established. However, there are not well described methods of analysis and planning of hindfoot deformities in the sagittal plane. Such planning is made even more difficult with concomitant deformation of the midfoot and/or ankle contracture or malpositioned arthrodesis. The aim of our study was to develop a universal method of analysis and planning of the calcaneus correction, based on the normally derived reference lines and angles.Methods. We analyzed 65 standing lateral foot films in normal adults, 23-54 years old were analyzed. We drew the talus joint line (points “a” and “b” – Line 1). We drew a second line, (Line 2) the calcaneal line, which starts at the back of the calcaneal tuberosity (point “d”), drawn perpendicular to a line from top to bottom of the calcaneal tuberosity. The intersection of the calcaneal line and the talar joint line form point (c) anteriorly. We measured lines ab, ac and cd, and their ratios: ac/ab, and cd/ab.Results. Talar joint line (Line 1) and calcaneal line (Line 2) intersect at a point (c), forming an angle 15.2° (±3.4°). The ratio ac/ab = 2.56 (± 1.1). The ratio cd/ab = 4.59 (±1.0). These ratios are constants for calculating the idealized joint lines for deformity planning. For deformity cases, draw Line 1, the talar joint line ab. Extend that line anteriorly to (c), which is a distance ab×2.56 from point (a). From (c), draw an idealized calcaneal line, Line-2, at an angle 15° to Line 1. Place (d) on this line, at a distance ab×4.59 from point (c). Next, draw the deformed calcaneal line (Line 3) and point (d1 ) where it exits the calcaneal tuberosity. Use the same technique and landmarks as for drawing the normal calcaneal line. The intersection of Lines 2 and 3 is the apex of the deformity. Rotate the piece containing Line 3 around this apex, until it is collinear with Line 2, and (d) is coincident with (d1 ).Conclusions. We describe the normal sagittal plane relationships between the hindfoot (calcaneus – talus). This normative data is used for planning sagittal plane hindfoot deformity corrections. It can be used for hindfoot deformities analysis and correction planning. It is independent of ankle joint equinus or malpositioned ankle arthrodesis, which can be considered as separate deformities.

Overjet problems at the growing child, case report using the twin block appliance

Objective : Overjet is a horizontal relationship between maxillary and mandibular incisors. Normal range from overjet is 2-4 mm. Increased overjet is marked by maxillary incisor’s protrusion. A 6 mm overjet will have impact on psychological and social relationship of children due to the aesthetics of the face profile. Increased overjet has relationship with Class II Angle malocclusion, Class II skeletal sagittal relationship, and mandibular retrognathia. Clinical problem caused by increased overjet in children are maxillary permanent incisors trauma in growing age, damaged periodontal tissue, lip incompetency, social impact such as lack of confidence in children, and also increased overjet has a close relationship with Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) sign and symptoms.Methods : Increased overjet case can be managed by maxillary retraction of labial segment and increasing mandibular labial segment. Case management are based on skeletal and soft tissue pattern and patient’s age. Reducing overjet can be based on using several appliances, such as functional removable appliance to modify dental and skeletal relationship, fixed orthodontic appliances with tipping and bodily movement or using jaw reposition by orthognathic surgery.Results : One of the effective appliance to reduce overjet, especially Class II malocclusion treatment is Twin Block Functional Appliances developed by Clark. Twin Block appliances is used for developing age children in certain time period to support mandibular growth. This appliance is easy to use, so the patient cooperativity can be maintained. Maximum treatment depends on children’s cooperativity. By using Twin Block functional appliance, we can observe that early treatment can be effective to reduce overjet, to change skeletal pattern, and to increase children psychology such as self-confidence by making aesthetic changes to their faces significantly.[B1] Conclusion : This appliances is made with 70o angle to occlusal plane. Maxillary arch lateral expansion can be achieved with expansion screw. Patient will be instructed to use the appliance for 24 hours a day.[B2]

Incisor and molar overjet, arch contraction, and molar relationship in the mixed dentition in repaired complete unilateral cleft lip and palate: A qualitative and quantitative appraisal

To compare the mixed dentition incisor and molar overjet, severity of contraction of the dental arch, and the sagittal molar relationship on the cleft side vs the noncleft side in children with repaired complete unilateral cleft of the lip and palate (UCLP). Orthodontic records taken prior to orthodontic preparation for alveolar bone grafting were screened to select study casts from patients with nonsyndromic repaired complete UCLP who did not have mandibular skeletal or dental asymmetry. The study sample comprised dental casts from 74 children aged 8.9 ± 1 years. Standardized digital photographs were acquired at 1:1 magnification. A coordinate system was developed using digital image-processing software (Photoshop CS4 and Adobe Illustrator). Incisor and molar overjet, Angle's classification, and arch contraction were recorded. Descriptive statistics, paired t-tests, and kappa statistics were used to compare the cleft and noncleft sides. A negative overjet of -1 to -5 mm was often present at the incisors, with greater frequency and magnitude on the cleft side. Class II molar relation was more frequent on the cleft side (61.1%) than on the noncleft side (47.2%). Significantly greater contraction of the cleft side deciduous canine and deciduous first molar was noted, while the difference was very minor at the first permanent molar. Cleft side maxillary arch contraction was most severe in the deciduous canine and first deciduous molar region and progressively less severe in the posterior region of the arch. A greater frequency and severity of negative overjet and Class II molar relationship was seen on the cleft side.

Associations between occlusion, jaw relationships, craniofacial dimensions and the occurrence of palatally-displaced canines.

Cephalometric and arch measurements might predict the occurrence of a palatally-displaced impacted maxillary canine (PDC). Despite their clinical importance, studies in this regard are limited and controversial. In this case-control study, 35 PDC patients and 77 controls aged over 13 years were examined. Eleven cephalometric measurements: N-S, ANS-PNS, ANS-N, S-N-ANS, facial angle (FH/NPog), SNA, SNB, Y-axis (SN/SGn), gonial angle, Go-Gn/SN, and Jarabak Index were performed. The maxillary and mandibular intermolar and interpremolar widths were measured. Patients' sagittal skeletal relationships and centric occlusions (molar) were measured by radiographic and cast examinations. The differences between the two groups in terms of the above-mentioned cephalometric and anatomic variables were assessed using Chi2 and Mann-Whitney U-tests (α=0.05). Chi2 showed a significant negative association between dentoalveolar class I (molar) and PDC occurrence (P=0.018), but not between PDC and skeletal sagittal relationships. Facial angle (FH/NPog) and Y-axis (SN/SGn) were more obtuse in patients with PDC (P<0.05). No arch dimensions differed between the two groups. PDC tends to accompany molar class II/III but is not associated with upper or lower jaw widths or lengths. Vertical dimensions might be smaller in PDC patients. Some variables were inconclusive and need future assessments.

Acrylic Planas Direct Tracks for Anterior Crossbite Correction in Primary Dentition.

Anterior crossbite is one of the most common forms of malocclusion in sagittal relationship of maxilla and mandible. If not corrected at the earliest, it will cause restriction of normal growth and development of both the jaws. The incidence of anterior crossbite is 4 to 5% in primary dentition. Self-correction may occur at the transient dentition or permanent dentition stage, but treating it should be the first priority. Using either removable or fixed appliances is recommended for the correction, but it depends on the patient cooperation, treatment duration, and parent approval. In this case report, we have used planas direct tracks (PDTs) which helps the forward development of mandible and corrects the malocclusion. With two modifications to PDTs, one is using acrylic instead of composite. It is advantageous to both clinicians and parents by correcting the crossbite efficiently in short duration while taking less chair-side time for fabrication and being economical.How to cite this article: Devasya A, Ramagoni NK, Taranath M, Prasad KEV, Sarpangala M. Acrylic Planas Direct Tracks for Anterior Crossbite Correction in Primary Dentition. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(4):399-403.

The duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Pubertal growth peak is closely associated with a rapid increase in mandibular length and offers a wide range of therapeutic modifiability. Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the mean ages of onset and duration of pubertal growth peak among three skeletal classes. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using lateral cephalograms of 230 subjects with growth potential (110 males, 120 females). Subjects were categorized into three classes (Class I = 81, Class II = 82, Class III = 67), according to the sagittal relationship established between the maxilla and the mandible. The cervical vertebral maturation stage was recorded by means of Baccetti's method. The mean ages at CS3 and CS4 and the CS3-CS4 age interval were compared between boys and girls and among three skeletal classes. Results: Pubertal growth peak occurred on average four months earlier in girls than boys (p = 0.050). The average duration of pubertal growth peak was 11 months in Class I, seven months in Class II and 17 months in Class III subjects. Interclass differences were highly significant (Cohen's d > 0.08). However, no significant difference was found in the timing of pubertal growth peak onset among three skeletal classes (p = 0.126 in boys, p = 0.262 in girls). Conclusions: Girls enter pubertal growth peak on average four months earlier than boys. Moreover, the duration of pubertal growth peak is on average four months shorter in Class II and six months longer in Class III subjects as compared to Class I subjects.