Digital transformation has emerged as a hot topic around the world, attracting attention as an opportunity to overcome various crises and discover new growth engines. This paper examines the impact and problems of digital transformation in realizing Right to Work and suggests normative responses.
 Digital transformation may increase unemployment and lead to job polarization and subsequent expansion of income inequality and poverty. Additionally, as the number of unstable workers increases, blind spots in protection of labor laws and social insurance may increase. In addition, as work flexibility increases, the risk of work-life balance, health, and privacy being violated may increase. Furthermore, as recruitment and personnel management using intelligent information technology expands, problems such as trans- parency, fairness, and the possibility of infringement on personal information and privacy may arise.
 The normative response to these problems is to maintain the principle that digital transformation is ultimately for the benefit of humans and must contribute to the guarantee of basic rights, while keeping in mind the harmony of autonomy and regulation, strengthening transparency, and securing social integration.
 Above all, policies are needed to revitalize industrial dynamics to promote employment. The introduction of basic income may be considered, but sufficient prior review and social consensus must be obtained. In addition, we must be able to adapt to various new problems in the work area that arise due to digital transformation by expanding the scope of application of labor-related laws and including new disciplinary content. First, the requirements for recognizing worker status must be newly established and a social security system that can cover all unemployed individuals must be established. Next, in response to problems that may arise as digital work and full-time work becomes possible, the right to disconnect is needed to be specified and the paradigm of the occupational safety and health legislation must be changed. Furthermore, it is necessary to respond to situations where recruitment and personnel management using intelligent information technology are widely used. Measures are needed to establish minimum standards for data use and ensure transparency while being careful not to excessively restrict the possibility of data use or infringe on autonomy by imposing excessive regulations.

Esophageal injury is one of the most serious complications of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with thermic energy sources. Better tissue selectivity of primarily non-thermic pulsed field ablation (PFA) may eliminate collateral injury, particularly the risk of atrio-esophageal fistula (AEF). To compare the incidence of any (peri)-esophageal injury following PVI using PFA to thermic energy sources. Using endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, and electrogastrography before and after PVI, esophageal and periesophageal injury (mucosal lesions, food retention, periesophageal edema, or vagal nerve injury) were assessed following PFA and radiofrequency (RF)- or cryoballoon (CB)-PVI. Between December 2022 and February 2023, 20 patients (67 ± 10 years, 53% male) undergoing PFA (Farapulse, Boston Scientific) for atrial fibrillation (AF) were studied and compared with a previous cohort of 57 patients who underwent thermic PVI (CB: n = 33; RF: n = 24). Following PFA-PVI, none of the patients had mucosal lesions, food retention, or ablation-induced vagal nerve injury; fourpatients showed periesophageal edema. Following thermic ablation, 33/57 patients (58%) showed esophageal and/or periesophageal injury (CB: 21/33 [64%], RF: 12/24 [50%]), in detail 4/57 mucosal lesions, 18/57 food retention, 17/57 vagal nerve injury, and 20/52 edema. Midterm success rates were similar for all energy sources. In contrast to thermic ablation tools, PFA is not associated with relevant esophageal and periesophageal injury, and might, therefore, reduce or eliminate the risk of potentially lethal AEF in interventional treatment of AF. The etiology of ablation-induced periesophageal edema is unknown but has not been shown to be related to lesion progression.

The construction industry in Dubai, known for its rapid growth and towering skyscrapers, has faced significant challenges ensuring the safety of its workforce. The purpose of this study was to enhance project management practices through an exploratory factor analysis of safety performance within this sector. This research aimed to identify the underlying factors that contribute to safety outcomes and to provide a data-driven foundation for improving safety measures. Addressing the problem of frequent construction accidents and the high rate of safety incidents, this study hypothesized that a multifaceted approach to safety analysis would reveal complex interdependencies affecting worker safety. The methodology involved a comprehensive review of incident reports and safety records from various construction projects in Dubai over the past five years, coupled with surveys and interviews with industry professionals. The data underwent exploratory factor analysis to ascertain the primary variables impacting safety performance. Findings indicated that key factors affecting safety included worker training, communication efficacy, adherence to safety protocols, and the use of protective equipment. Surprisingly, statistical analysis revealed that projects with high safety investments did not always correlate with lower incident rates, suggesting the importance of qualitative factors over mere financial commitment. The study concludes that enhancing safety performance in Dubai’s construction industry requires a holistic approach that goes beyond financial investment in safety. Recommendations include implementing regular, targeted training programs, improving on-site communication channels, strict enforcement of safety protocols, and fostering a safety-centric organizational culture. In light of these conclusions, the study advocates for policy revisions at the regulatory level and a shift in the industry’s safety paradigm. The recommended strategic changes aim to not only mitigate the risks inherent in the construction industry but also to enhance the overall management of construction projects in the dynamic landscape of Dubai. Keywords. Project Management, Exploratory Factor Analysis, Safety Performance, Construction Industry, Dubai

The Quality I paradigm utilizes an error prevention strategy to avert rework in construction. The effectiveness of this paradigm is questionable as rework has become an innate feature of practice. If rework is to be mitigated in construction projects, a new paradigm is needed to challenge conventional thinking and offer a different perspective on managing errors. We introduce a new paradigm, Quality II, by drawing on a narrative review, emerging best practices deployed in construction, and contemporary developments in safety (e.g., Safety II and III). The implications of a Quality II paradigm for theory development and practice are also examined. The contributions of this paper are twofold as we: (1) provide construction organizations with a new approach for managing and learning how to handle (i.e., learning through) errors, and thus provide them with the ability to adapt and respond to varying conditions effectively; and (2) align Quality II with contemporary safety paradigms to offset competing demands enabling construction organizations to maximize the use of their limited resources better. By curbing rework, the performance and productivity of projects and the profitability of construction organizations will improve.

In this article, I look at Indian pharma 'dossiers'-the bundles of paperwork that testify to pharmaceutical quality and adherence to regulatory standards-and how they illustrate a wider and ongoing shift from a paradigm of drug safety to one of drug security. By examining how dossiers enact and enable claims of 'quality', I argue that it is in a drug's paperwork-rather than its chemical composition-that quality or fake-ness is produced. Based on interviews with Indian traders and officials, and an examination of how their work has changed over time in accordance with the regulatory shift to drug security, I show that in many instances the paperwork has come to be more important than the pill itself. This analysis contests the dominant pharmaco-regulatory notion of fake-ness, which privileges chemical composition above all else. In this way, my analysis of the dossier shows that drug security is itself a powerful form of fake-talk, one that informs the entire market and the conditions of possibility of international commerce today.

Neo-Deterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment (NDSHA), dating back to the turn of the Millennium, is the new multi-disciplinary scenario- and physics-based approach for the evaluation of seismic hazard and safety–guaranteeing “prevention rather than cure.” When earthquakes occur, shaking certainly does not depend on sporadic occurrences within the study area, nor on anti-seismic (earthquake-resistant) design parameters scaled otherwise to probabilistic models of earthquake return-period and likelihood — as adopted in the widespread application of the model-driven Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA). Therefore, from a policy perspective of prevention, coherent and compatible with the most advanced theories in Earth Science, it is essential that at least the infrastructure installations and public structures are designed so as to resist future strong earthquakes. Evidences and case histories detailed in the newly published book Earthquakes and Sustainable Infrastructure present a new paradigm for Reliable Seismic Hazard Assessment (RSHA) and seismic safety — comprehensively detailing in one volume the ‘state-of-the-art’ scientific knowledge on earthquakes and their related seismic risks, and actions that can be taken to ensure greater safety and sustainability. The book is appropriately dedicated to the centenary of Russian geophysicist Vladimir Keilis-Borok (1921–2013), whose mathematical-geophysical insights have been seminal for the innovative paradigm of Neo-deterministic seismic hazard assessment. This review focuses on Hazards, Risks and Prediction initially discussed in the introductory Chapter 1 — an understanding of which is essential in the applications of the state-of-the-art knowledge presented in the book’s 29 following chapters.

A new hazard event classification model via deep learning and multifractal

Adverse effects of cannabinoid use: what is the safety paradigm?

The safety issues of road transport operation have been relevant for more than 125 years. During this time, the vision of the essence and ideas about the principles and methods of ensuring road safety (traffic safety paradigms) have changed several times in the world scientific community. The purpose of this article is to present to the scientific community a new, developing entropy approach to assessing the quality of traffic safety system management. The need to use entropy approaches is dictated by the awareness of two main circumstances: the extreme variety of forms, composition and, ultimately, the complexity of transport systems, as well as the low effectiveness of using traditional modeling methods in assessing the quality of large and complex systems, which include traffic safety systems. The use of the entropy approach in the field of traffic safety management is very innovative for Russia. Already quite traditional for other spheres of human existence, the methods of entropy assessment of systemic organization are unfamiliar to transport specialists. In this regard, it should be noted that the entropy approach allows solving those tasks in the field of traffic safety that are inaccessible to conventional tools. An example of such tasks can be a quantitative assessment and comparison of the quality of management of regional traffic safety systems. This is especially important for improving the quality of federal traffic safety management, in particular, for improving goal-setting and subsequent financing of the relevant regional traffic safety programs. This is the practical significance of the author’s ideas. This article presents a method for quantifying the Relative entropy Hn of regional traffic safety systems; comparison and explanation of different levels of organization of traffic safety systems in the Orenburg region and the Republic of Tyva; an entropy classification of regional traffic safety systems in Russia by levels of system organization is presented (2021); an attempt was made to philosophically comprehend the results obtained. The results presented in the article are intermediate. The ideology of using the entropy assessment of system organization can be used not only in relation to such an important aspect of the functioning of transport systems as traffic safety, but also to the identification of other system properties, such as efficiency and quality. Key words: road safety, management, quality, system (process) entropy, entropy approach.

BackgroundEfforts to involve patients in patient safety continue to revolve around professionally derived notions of minimising clinical risk, yet evidence suggests that patients hold perspectives on patient safety that are...

The neurobiology of Pavlovian safety learning: Towards an acquisition-expression framework

Historical and current methodologies in patient safety are based on a deficit-based model, defining safety as the absence of harm. This model is aligned with the human innate negativity bias and the general philosophy of health care: to diagnose and cure illness and to relieve suffering. While this approach has underpinned measurable progress in healthcare outcomes, a common narrative in the healthcare literature indicates that this progress is stalling or slowing. It is important to learn from and improve poor outcomes, but the deficit-based approach has some theoretical limitations. In this article, we discuss some of the theoretical limitations of the prevailing approach to patient safety and introduce emerging, complementary approaches in this field of practice. Safety-II and resilience engineering represent a new paradigm of safety, characterized by focusing on the entirety of work, with a system-wide lens, rather than single incidents of failure. More overtly positive approaches are available, specifically focusing on success-both outstanding success and everyday success-including exnovation, appreciative inquiry, learning from excellence and positive deviance. These approaches are not mutually exclusive. The new methods described in this article are not intended as replacements of the current methods, rather they are presented as complementary tools, designed to allow the reader to take a balanced and holistic view of patient safety.

Inferring causal networks of health care resilience and safety performance indicators: A two-stage fuzzy cognitive map approach

Submitted: 24 December 2021 Accepted: 23 March 2022 Published online: 5 July, TAPS 2022, 7(3), 60-62 https://doi.org/10.29060/TAPS.2022-7-3/PV2727 Ikuo Shimizu1, Shuh Shing Lee2, Ardi Findyartini3, Kiyoshi Shikino4, Yoshikazu Asada5 & Hiroshi Nishigori6 1Center for Medical Education and Clinical Training, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan; 2Centre for Medical Education, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University […]

The goal of public security and safety under the concept of sustainable development has been transformed into the maximization of the comprehensive goal of economic, environmental, and social security and safety. The polycentric collaborative governance mode is a crucial approach for the reform of government regulation. Social–ecological resilience has become a typical paradigm in the field of risk governance. Polycentric collaborative governance and safety resilience are the foundation and booster of elevator safety governance. In this paper, we expound on the system elements and mechanisms of polycentric collaborative governance and ecological resilience of elevator safety under the guidance of sustainable development by using a conceptual framework method. On this basis, we explore the influence degree and mechanism of elevator safety polycentric collaborative governance on elevator safety ecological resilience under the guidance of sustainable development by constructing a structural equation model based on micro-survey data. The results show that (1) the polycentric collaborative governance subject composed of the government, business, society, and the public is the key force to enhancing the ecological resilience of elevator safety; (2) enhancing the ecological resilience of elevator safety has a significant direct promoting effect on improving the mitigation, recovery, learning, and coping ability of elevator safety; (3) improving the learning ability has a significant direct promoting effect on improving the mitigation, recovery, and coping ability of elevator safety; (4) improving the coping ability has a significant direct promoting effect on improving the mitigation and recovery ability of elevator safety; (5) improving the mitigation ability has a significant direct promoting effect on improving the recovery ability of elevator safety. Therefore, in the process of elevator safety governance under the guidance of sustainable development, we should not only adhere to the polycentric collaborative governance mode but also attach importance to the ecological resilience governance paradigm of elevator safety, which together can improve the elevator quality and safety level.

The weak-gravity bound has been discovered in asymptotically safe gravity-matter systems, where it limits the maximum strength of gravitational fluctuations. In the present paper, we explore it for the first time in systems with more than one gauge field to discover whether systems with 12 gauge fields (like the Standard Model) exhibit a weak-gravity bound and whether the gravitational fixed point evades it. Further, we test the robustness of the present and previous results on the weak-gravity bound by exploring their dependence on a gravitational gauge parameter. Finally, the existence of the weak-gravity bound also has important phenomenological consequences: it is key to a proposed mechanism that bounds the spacetime dimensionality from above to four or five dimensions. In this paper, we strengthen the evidence for this mechanism. Thus, the predictive power of the asymptotic safety paradigm could extend to parameters of the spacetime geometry, such that the four dimensionality of our Universe could be explained from first principles.

Blood flow restriction exercise (BFR-E) could be a useful training adjunct for patients with weakness after stroke to augment the effects of exercise on muscle activity. We aimed to examine neurophysiological changes (primary aim) and assess patient perceptions (secondary aim) following BFR-E. Fourteen participants with stroke performed BFR-E (1 session) and exercise without blood flow restrictsion (Exercise only) (1 session), on two days, ≈7 days apart. In each session, two sets of tibialis anterior (TA) contractions were performed and electromyography (EMG) was recorded. Eight participants underwent transcranial magnetic stimulation (single-pulse stimulation, short interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF)) and peripheral electrical stimulation (maximal peak-to-peak M-wave (M-max)) of the TA before, immediately-after, 10-min-after and 20-min-after BFR-E and Exercise only. Numerical rating scores (NRS) for pain, discomfort, fatigue, safety, focus and difficulty were collected for all subjects (n = 14). Paired comparisons and linear mixed models assessed the effects of BFR-E and Exercise only. No adverse events due to exercise were reported. There was no contraction-number × condition interaction for EMG amplitude during exercise (p = 0.15), or time × condition interaction for single-pulse stmulation, SICI, ICF or M-max amplitude (p = 0.34 to p = 0.97). There was no difference between BFR-E and Exercise only in NRS scores (p = 0.10 to p = 0.50). Using our training paradigm, neurophysiological parameters, feasibility, tolerability and perceptions of safety were not different between BFR-E and Exercise only. As participants were generally well-functioning, our results are not generalizable to lower functioning people with stroke, different (more intense) exercise protocols or longer term training over weeks or months.

Development paradigms of cyberspace endogenous safety and security

This paper tries to systematically explain the thinking perspectives and methodologies for cyberspace security developments from the perspective of scientific research paradigm, and points out the intrinsic reasons for the corresponding development paradigm evolution. Aiming at the cyberspace endogenous security common problems and the “unknown-unknown" security threats based on these common problems, this study proposes a new theory, a new methodology, and related practice norms to solve these problems. These aim to contribute to a replicable, successful model for the cyberspace endogenous safety and security area and a new generation ofinformation technologies and related industries using the new development paradigm. Based on a brief introduction of the concept and theory of the paradigm, this paper reviews the main development periods of cyberspace endogenous safety and security and insurmountable challenges in terms of the paradigm world outlook and methodology, summarizes cyberspace endogenous security ubiquitous problems, proposes a new development paradigm for cyberspace endogenous safety and security, and elaborates on the theoretical basis, practical norms, mechanism, and methods of the new paradigm.

The article provides insights into the nature and specifics of social responsibility of higher education institutions in the context of transformational economy. In particular, it is argued that in the frameworks of structural and innovative transformations, technogenic safety as a readiness to be socially responsible, contributes to implementing the idea of integration of philosophical, legal, sociological and pedagogical approaches to enhance the performance of modern higher education institutions. The most critical factors in building social responsibility are the focus on professional responsibility, autonomy of higher education institutions, as well as the compliance with the principle of freedom of choice and responsibility in providing dual education services and applied research. The hypothesis of the study is the statement that in the context of structural and innovative transformations, the gnoseological nature of social responsibility of higher education institutions is embodied in gradual building of a technogenic safety paradigm. The research objective is to explore the specifics of social responsibility of higher education institutions from the perspectives of structural and innovative transformations. To attain the study agenda, the following research methods have been employed: historical analysis – to track successive changes in social responsibility concepts in the area of higher education subject to evolutionary development of society; analysis and synthesis techniques – to reveal the content and structure of a social responsibility framework. The findings demonstrate that a technological background to facilitate successive change in the structure of social responsibility elements is the following chain relationship: goals – knowledge – methods – activities. In this chain, goals are considered as expected professional performance outcomes; knowledge, methods and activities – as the capacity (readiness) of higher education institutions to implement effective professional technologies to attain the best results along with meeting all stakeholders’ demands. The summary concludes that the gnoseological implications in building social responsibility in higher education institutions affect the content of goals and the qualitative variety of tools which rely upon worldview and cultural societal values, as well as moral principles and ethical standards of educational activities.