• Safety climate was examined across organizational, team leader, and coworker levels in hospital settings. • Positive associations were found between safety climate and key safety-related indicators. • Time pressure showed a consistent negative relationship with safety climate. • Safety climate perceptions varied across professional groups and work schedules. • Findings provide practical guidance for targeted safety interventions and organizational improvement in hospitals. Safety climate is a crucial measure for organizations, predicting occupational accidents, monitoring safety performance, and identifying areas for improvement. However, its application in hospital settings remains limited. This study aimed to analyze safety climate levels and their relationship with other safety performance indicators in hospital settings using a multilevel perspective. The study was conducted in two hospital units located in Northern Portugal and involved 500 health professionals, including doctors, nurses, diagnosis and therapeutics technicians, operational assistants, and technical assistants. A questionnaire was applied to collect data of the variables under study. The questionnaire included a multilevel safety climate scale, which assesses the safety climate at the three different levels: management, team leader and coworkers. Additionally, it included scales to determine safety behaviours, motivation, time pressure and safety knowledge. Results revealed positive levels of safety climate across the three hierarchical subscales. Safety climate was positively associated with safety motivation, safety behaviors, and safety knowledge, and negatively associated with time pressure. Significant differences were observed across professional categories. Technical assistants were observed to reported lower levels for co-workers safety climate, safety knowledge, and safety participation, and higher time pressure. Additionally, work schedule was associated with safety climate perceptions and safety knowledge, with non-shift workers reporting higher safety climate at the management and team leader levels. This study enhances understanding of safety climate in hospital settings, highlighting the importance of addressing specific safety indicators, particularly among distinct professional groups.

Clinical alarm management is a critical patient safety challenge in intensive care units (ICUs). The high frequency of non-actionable alarms paradoxically undermines safety by contributing to alarm fatigue, increased cognitive load and delayed responses among nurses. To systematically synthesise and appraise qualitative evidence on ICU nurses' experiences, perceptions and coping behaviours regarding clinical alarms. A systematic review of qualitative evidence using meta-aggregation was conducted. A comprehensive search of eight databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and CBM) was undertaken from inception to December 2024. Included qualitative and mixed method studies were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist. Data were synthesised using the meta-aggregation approach, and the confidence in the synthesised findings was assessed using the ConQual approach. Fourteen studies were included in the synthesis. The meta-aggregation produced four synthesised findings: (1) The Perceptual Paradox: Alarms as an Essential Safety Mechanism and a Clinical Burden; (2) Nurses' Alarm Response as an Evolving Practice of Situated Clinical judgement; (3) A Multi-level System of Nurses' Alarm Response: Individual, Contextual and organisational Factors; and (4) ICU Nurses' Expectations for Clinical Alarms: Intelligent Support, Practical Training and Sustained Autonomy. Effective alarm management is fundamentally a socio-technical challenge, rooted in a core perceptual paradox. Nurses navigate this paradox through situated clinical judgement, a process shaped by a multi-level system in which unit safety culture is pivotal. Therefore, sustainable solutions must integrate technological optimisation to reduce cognitive load, cultivate positive unit safety cultures and augment clinical expertise-thereby repositioning nurses from passive alarm responders into empowered clinical decision makers. The synthesised evidence suggests that interventions should prioritise competency-based, situational training to bridge the recognition-intervention gap, foster a non-punitive unit alarm safety culture to mitigate responder isolation and adopt a human-centred design paradigm for future technologies to reduce cognitive load and support, rather than replace, clinical expertise.

Improving concussion recognition in youth sports: the role of parents, coaches, and community education.

Medical and care errors are common in health care, posing serious risks to patient safety, with over 10% of patients being harmed annually. Despite efforts to reduce errors, underreporting persists, as nurses report only about 20% of incidents. Understanding the factors that influence nurses' intention to report errors is essential for developing effective strategies to improve reporting and patient safety. This systematic review aimed to identify factors associated with nurses' intention to report medical and care errors. A comprehensive search was conducted in 3 databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) and Google Scholar using a combination of MeSH and synonymous terms related to medication errors, medical errors, care errors, intention to report, and nurses. Twenty-seven articles were included in the analysis. The review revealed that interpersonal characteristics such as attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control were found to have a significant relationship with nurses' intention to report medical errors. In addition, organizational environmental factors like patient safety culture and climate, nonpunitive responses to errors, open communication, teamwork, management support, task-oriented culture, organizational learning, reporting awareness, leadership behavior, and psychological safety positively influence error-reporting intentions. Furthermore, some demographic characteristics, including nurses' age, level of education, years of experience, and prior exposure to medication errors positively impacted reporting behaviors. This review results highlight the multifaceted nature of factors influencing nurses' intention to report medical errors. Understanding the complex interplay of attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and other contextual factors is crucial to promote a reporting culture that enhances patient safety.

Bullying and harassment experiences among radiographers: A transnational scoping review.

Surgical safety checklists have demonstrated a positive impact on post-surgical morbidity/mortality in human medicine, and likely have an equal benefit in veterinary medicine. To realise their advantages, they must be correctly and regularly used. A clinical audit was planned to assess this. To determine the compliance with the pre-procedural request form/surgical safety checklist in a large multi-disciplinary equine referral hospital. Retrospective full-cycle clinical audit. One hundred and forty-eight checklists (consisting of 23 sub-sections) were examined for completeness. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and section completion rates were compared against national standards. Interventions to improve checklist use were made: a checklist redesign after consultation with end-users, a hospital education scheme to improve staff understanding, regular e-mail reminders, and recruitment of key senior staff as champions. Lastly, it was made policy for checklists to be uploaded to the horse's medical record. Following this, 30 new checklists were re-audited in the same manner. Results obtained were compared against the first audit and national standards. Checklists were rarely fully complete. In the first audit, completion rates for various subsections ranged from 9% to 89%, with a median value of 64%. In the re-audit, the completion rates ranged from 80% to 100%, with a median value of 93%. The sign-out section was most likely to be incomplete. Data were not collected in real-time, and it is difficult to determine the significance of missing data. Staff were aware of the re-audit; it is possible that checklist compliance was temporarily increased. Fewer checklists were examined in the second audit. The interventions have a positive benefit on checklist completion. A clinical audit of checklists is a useful tool that can easily be conducted in practice and may help promote a safety culture within hospitals.

Radiotherapy aims to deliver a uniform dose within±5.0% of the prescription, while minimizing toxicity. Because treatment quality directly influences patient's treatment outcomes, error detection is critical for ensuring accuracy and safety. This study evaluated in-vivo dosimetry (IVD) as a quality assurance (QA) tool to detect treatment errors during the transition from two-dimensional radiotherapy (2DRT) with Cobalt-60 units to three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) with linear accelerators. IVD was performed for 612 treatment fields across 493 patients treated with either 2DRT or 3DCRT. A calibrated entrance diode was placed on the patient's skin to measure delivered doses, which were compared with prescribed doses at relevant depths. Deviations exceeding±5% were investigated, with findings discussed with oncologists to enable immediate corrective action and subsequently communicated to staff to support continuous learning. Ninety-two errors were identified. The most frequent causes were incorrect calculations (20.7%), procedural changes (15.2%), omission of tray/bolus in treatment time calculations (4.3%), and use of treatment times/monitor units without secondary physics verification (4.3%). Overall, 84.9% of the 612 measurements were within the±5% tolerance. IVD with a calibrated diode provides a simple and effective quality control measure for maintaining treatment accuracy. Systematic error analysis and structured staff feedback enhance awareness, strengthen safety culture, and improve patient care during technological transitions in radiotherapy.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted patient safety culture in hospitals. Patient safety culture is a critical factor in determining hospitals' ability to manage and reduce patient risks. This study aimed to examine the perceived patient safety culture among healthcare workers (HCWs) in Iran during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive study included HCWs as the study population. A census sampling method was employed at a hospital in southeastern Iran. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC), administered at two time points: initially in 2020 (during the Covid-19 pandemic) and again in 2023 (two different time periods). A total of 316 HCWs from a public hospital serving as a COVID-19 medical center participated in the initial phase (in 2020). In 2023 after the pandemic, 320 HCWs from the same hospital were included in the follow-up assessment. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 22.0 to calculate means, standard deviations, frequencies, and percentages. Bivariate analysis using one-way ANOVA and t-tests examined the correlations between demographic/professional variables and HSOPSC dimensions. The majority of participants in both 2020 and 2023 were female (77% vs. 73%), and most were nurses (72.46% vs. 75.93%). The overall safety culture scores were 44.06 in 2020 and 50.07 in 2023. The average positive response rate for patient safety culture was below 50% in 2020 (indicating a low safety culture) and exceeded 50% in 2023. In 2023, mean scores were significantly higher than in 2020 for Dimension 1 (Frequency of Event Reporting: 3.40 vs. 3.09), Dimension 5 (Teamwork Within Units: 3.69 vs. 3.44), and Dimension 10 (Hospital Management Support for Patient Safety: 3.29 vs. 3.00) (p < 0.001). A strong patient safety culture can enhance patient safety and the quality of healthcare services. Therefore, hospital management should focus on strengthening all dimensions of patient safety culture by providing advocacy programs, soft skills (non-technical, cognitive and interpersonal), and support interventions based on sharing information and experiences, mentoring and peer-to-peer exchange to ensure safe patient care. Future research could investigate the factors that influence patient safety culture.

Healthcare professionals work within an imperfect, multi-faceted system and cannot shoulder the burden of responsibility for unintentional patient harm. Patient safety governance aims to address the challenges of patient safety through monitoring systems and processes to provide assurance of patient safety and quality of care. The evidence suggests that healthcare staff demonstrate mixed views towards patient safety governance processes and varying attitudes towards hospital patient safety climates. This study aims to explore the insights of both healthcare staff and senior healthcare decision makers into patient safety governance and its associated patient safety processes. It aims to capture the attitudes of healthcare staff towards hospital patient safety climates. The researchers intend to identify the gaps in patient safety governance between praxis and theory, with the view of developing recommendations to address these gaps. This research study is convergent parallel in design, with two study strands occurring simultaneously. It is set in four Irish teaching hospitals located in one regional area. A methodological pluralistic approach, using both qualitative and quantitative methods, will be applied to allow the researchers to adopt the most suitable methodology for data collection, analysis and data interpretation to fulfil the study aims. The study consists of three groups. Qualitative methods will apply to Groups 1 and 2, where consenting participants will be given a choice to engage with a focus group or semi-structured interview. The data collected through these methods will be analysed using the six phases of reflexive thematic analysis. Quantitative methods will apply to Group 3, where consenting participants will complete an electronic questionnaire. The quantitative data will be described in statistical terms using the Stata Now statistical package. Data integration will occur during the data interpretation phase, using a weaving approach in a narrative format where the qualitative and quantitative data findings will be compared thematically. The intention of this study is to broaden the corpus of academic understanding into healthcare staff's insights of patient safety processes and their attitudes towards hospital patient safety climates comparatively to evidence-based best practice for patient safety governance. This study will be carried out using a methodological pluralistic approach, allowing the researchers to choose the most appropriate methods for data collection, analysis and interpretation. The researchers will then identify the current gaps in patient safety governance practice in a small group of Irish hospitals in one healthcare region. These gaps will then be assessed and explored with implementation plans developed to address the gaps, through decision makers and policy development within healthcare.

BackgroundCivil aviation cargo operations have expanded rapidly, but the occupational health and safety risks faced by cargo workers are still rarely examined through an integrated causal framework that captures chemical, ergonomic, psychosocial, and operational exposures together.ObjectiveThis study aims to identify, prioritize, and interpret the causal relationships among occupational health and safety risks in civil aviation cargo operations from a worker-centered perspective.MethodsThe study employs a comprehensive dataset drawn from industry professionals and applies the Fermatean Fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (FF-DEMATEL) method. This approach enables the analysis of complex interrelationships among risk factors, offering a systematic framework for understanding the dynamics of aviation cargo hazards. FF-DEMATEL was applied to 16 cargo-related risk factors evaluated by three occupational safety experts. Expert weights were derived through a machine-learning-based dimensionality reduction procedure using age, occupational safety experience, and firm tenure, enabling the model to reflect both interdependence and expert heterogeneity.ResultsThe analysis reveals a network of critical risks, including improper cargo loading, closed storage conditions, hazardous substances, and unpredictable customer demands. The FF-DEMATEL method identifies both cause and effect relationships among these factors, highlighting which risks exert the greatest influence on overall safety outcomes. The model provides a clear hierarchy of risk sources that require targeted intervention. The leading weighted risks were sabotage, time pressure, incorrect loading of cargo, customer-related uncertainty, and third stakeholder effects. Prominence values showed that sabotage and time pressure were the dominant drivers of the system, while incorrect loading of cargo emerged mainly as an effect factor. A robustness check based on row sums of the normalized and total relation matrices preserved the same upper-tier risk set, supporting the consistency of the prioritization.ConclusionsThe findings indicate that security management, workload and schedule control, loading discipline, and stakeholder coordination should be prioritized together rather than addressed separately. By translating causal risk interactions into concrete priorities, the study offers practical guidance for improving worker protection and operational resilience in civil aviation cargo systems. The findings underscore the necessity of implementing proactive risk management strategies in air cargo operations. Emphasizing the role of advanced analytical methods and a strong safety culture, the study offers actionable recommendations to industry stakeholders.

Identifying health care provider, system, and resource-related factors associated with CLABSIs in ICUs of LMICs: A Scoping Review.

Patient safety emerges where clinical risk governance intersects with ethical duties of non-maleficence, respect for autonomy, and institutional accountability. Safety culture surveys and patient-reported experience measures often evolve on separate analytic tracks, leaving uncertainty about how staff-facing metrics translate into patient-facing ethical practices such as disclosure after harm. We conducted an exploratory cross-sectional multi-informant survey in an acute-care hospital in Romania. Healthcare workers (defined as physicians, nurses, hospital auxiliary staff, and other clinical/non-clinical personnel involved in care delivery or immediate supervision; n = 104) completed the AHRQ Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture version 2.0 and the Speaking Up About Patient Safety Questionnaire, capturing safety culture composites, speaking up behaviour, and psychological safety. Inpatients (n = 101) completed a project-specific, not externally validated structured questionnaire covering perceived safety, communication and information, consent and involvement, confidentiality and complaint mechanisms, coordination and organisational reliability, observed safety practices, and experiences of incident communication. We conducted exploratory analyses including composite means, percent positive scores, internal consistency estimates, and examined ward-level associations. Staff composites peaked for teamwork (mean 3.84/5; 74.3% positive) and communication about error (3.74/5; 70.8% positive), while staffing and work pace (2.74/5; 29.3% positive), response to error (31.7% positive), and hospital management support (34.0% positive) showed marked compression. Patients rated coordination and organisation (mean 3.67/5) and consent and involvement (3.60/5) higher than communication and information (3.42/5). Eleven patients (10.9%) perceived a safety incident; among them, ratings for apology, explanation and follow-up clustered at the lower end of the scale (mean 1.73/5). Ward-level overall safety culture scores showed negligible associations with patient global safety, perceived safety and recommendation. Exploratory ward-group analyses suggested that patient-rated coordination aligned more closely with handoffs and information exchange than with global safety culture measures. Other cross-level associations were inconsistent and were interpreted cautiously because of broad clinical-area aggregation and limited between-group variation. Favourable speaking up climate correlated with overall safety culture (r = 0.484, p < 0.001) and management support (r = 0.547, p < 0.001). In this setting, patient-perceived safety aligned more closely with interface processes than with global culture scores, and incident communication surfaced as a salient ethical deficit. Strategies integrating psychological safety, management responsiveness, and structured disclosure practices warrant prospective evaluation as potential ways to advance moral accountability and risk governance. Given the cross-sectional, single-site design and modest sample size, these associations should be interpreted as exploratory and non-causal. Not applicable.

To identify essential attributes supporting the success and long-term sustainability of healthcare's second victim peer support programs. The Delphi technique and purposive sampling identified peer support team coordinators who served as the expert panellists in this study. Panellists completed three Delphi rounds. Round 1 open-ended responses were analysed using content analysis to identify themes and sub-themes. In Rounds 2 and 3, panellists rated the importance of each theme using a 4-point Likert scale. Coordinators representing 23 healthcare organisations across 15 states identified core attributes for sustaining peer support programs. Key findings included the need for strong executive leadership commitment, adequate staffing through dedicated coordination, a culture of psychological safety, and peer supporter competency (empathy, communication skills, and confidentiality). Reported challenges included balancing competing responsibilities for both coordinators and peer supporters, maintaining peer supporter engagement, and addressing stigma related to help-seeking. These findings informed the development of the 5Cs Framework, a structured model illustrating how key priorities collectively support program sustainability and strengthen a culture of workplace well-being. Experienced peer support team coordinators highlighted the organisational structures and institutional drivers perceived to support the sustainability of peer support programs. The 5Cs Model is presented as a practical guide for long-term success. Findings can be used to help strengthen program sustainability and support effective responsive support team operations. This study identified essential elements for optimizing peer support teams that support clinician well-being, normalise help-seeking, and promote a culture of psychological safety with implications for patient safety. Many healthcare organisations have embraced peer support teams to help staff cope with emotionally challenging clinical events. Sustaining these programs remains a common challenge. This study identified expert opinions on the attributes of successful peer support teams and introduced the novel 5CsModel to guide implementation and long-term sustainability within broader workforce well-being efforts. DELPHISTAR guidelines were followed. None.

Patient safety culture is a key determinant of health care quality and safety outcomes. The Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPS) is one of the most widely used instruments for assessing safety culture in healthcare organizations. Although the revised HSOPS 2.0 has been adopted internationally, the Japanese version (J-HSOPS 2.0) has not yet been comprehensively evaluated using large-scale empirical data. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of health care professionals in hospitals participating in a nationwide patient safety culture benchmarking program in Japan. The J-HSOPS 2.0 was developed through a structured translation and adaptation process. Construct validity was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis based on the original 10-dimensional HSOPS 2.0 model. Model fit was evaluated using standard goodness-of-fit indices. Convergent validity and reliability were assessed using average variance extracted, composite reliability, and Cronbach alpha, while discriminant validity was examined using factor correlations and the Fornell-Larcker criterion. Data from 76,966 hospital staff members were analyzed. The hypothesized 10-factor structure was broadly supported. Model fit indices indicated acceptable but suboptimal fit (RMSEA=0.067; CFI=0.836). Measurement invariance across professional groups was largely supported. Communication-related dimensions showed relatively strong psychometric performance and were strongly associated with overall patient safety ratings. The J-HSOPS 2.0 demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties and can be used for benchmarking and quality improvement in Japanese hospitals. These findings support the use of J-HSOPS 2.0 as a practical tool for identifying patient safety risks and guiding safety improvement initiatives in hospital settings.

Prevalence of the use of protective equipment for ionizing radiation from fluoroscopy: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

This study investigates how occupational health and safety (OHS) culture and fatalistic beliefs influence safety performance in the Turkish machinery manufacturing industry. Data were collected from 376 employees using validated scales and analyzed with structural equation modeling. The results showed that OHS safety culture positively affected safety performance, whereas awareness, training, and risk perception did not have significant individual effects. Risk perception increased fatalistic tendencies, whereas free will beliefs positively predicted safety performance. Fatalistic beliefs were not significant predictors, suggesting that formal safety regulations and mandatory procedures in the machinery sector may limit their behavioral effects. These findings underline the joint role of organizational culture and personal belief systems in shaping workplace safety. The study contributes to safety research in a high-risk sector and offers practical implications for managers and policymakers. Strengthening safety culture and supporting free will beliefs may help reduce workplace accidents.

This study examines long-term occupational accident patterns in a chemical plant using approximately fifty years of internal incident records. These records were originally compiled for day-to-day safety management rather than for research purposes. They offer a rare retrospective view of how human-factor-related accidents and everyday safety practices actually evolved during long-term operation. Long-term trends in accident counts, frequency rates, and severity rates show a decline. However, closer examination indicates that as technical and equipment-related risks were reduced, incidents involving human judgment and action became relatively more prominent. In this sense, risk changed its form within the work environment. To explore this shift, incidents were examined using a cross-classification of "type of incident × unsafe behavior," together with a distinction between routine and non-routine operations. The analysis indicates that non-routine activities-such as maintenance and troubleshooting-remain particularly vulnerable to human-factor-related issues. When viewed through the lens of Hudson's safety culture maturity model, these patterns suggest a gradual transition from reactive to proactive practices. Rather than proposing a model of safety culture, this case study illustrates how long-term incident records reflect the practical, trial-and-error process of managing human factors and work. The findings offer insights for loss prevention and human-factor management.

Workplace accidents represent a significant health problem for workers. In 2022, the EU recorded over 3,000 workplace deaths and nearly 3 million non-fatal accidents. The aim of this paper is to provide an in-depth analysis of multiple fatal accidents in Italy in recent years, analyzing their occurrence patterns and causal factors to increase useful information for risk management. The statistics come from the INAIL Database and the Infor.MO National Surveillance System, which collects detailed information on accident dynamics and uses a multifactorial model to analyze the causes of injuries. In this system, the in-depth analysis of multiple fatal accidents was conducted on a cluster of 181 events that occurred between 2008 and 2022. Data sources show that road accidents are a significant cause of multiple injuries. Other recurring accidents include collapses, fires, explosions, and asphyxiation in confined spaces. The construction and manufacturing sectors are the most affected. The main causes, highlighted particularly in the Infor.MO system, include poor worker training, inadequate workplace organization, and a lack of safety devices. To reduce workplace accidents, especially those with dramatic consequences such as multiple accidents, the importance of a stronger organizational safety culture is reiterated, in which training enables workers to understand risk analysis and gain greater awareness of hazards.

This study aims to examine the associations between different dimensions of technostress and patient safety attitudes among healthcare professionals working in operating room settings. A cross-sectional, correlational design was used. Data were collected from nurses and physicians working in operating rooms using an introductory information form, the Technostress Creators Scale and the Safety Attitudes Questionnaire-Operating Room. Descriptive statistics, the Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to examine associations and identify predictors within the regression model. Hierarchical regression analysis further demonstrated that technostress dimensions substantially increased the explanatory power of the model beyond demographic and professional variables. Correlation analyses showed that techno-overload and techno-invasion were negatively associated with safety attitudes and their subdomains. In contrast, techno-complexity demonstrated a positive association with overall safety attitudes. In the multivariable regression model, techno-complexity emerged as the strongest predictor within the model, while techno-overload, technology-related stress experienced during surgery and operating room experience were also significantly associated with safety attitudes. Techno-invasion did not remain a significant predictor after controlling for other variables. The findings suggest that technostress dimensions are differentially associated with patient safety attitudes in operating room environments. Workload-related technostressors were associated with less favorable safety attitudes, whereas techno-complexity showed a more nuanced pattern that should be interpreted cautiously. Given the cross-sectional and self-reported nature of the data, the results should not be construed as causal. Nevertheless, the study contributes to the growing literature on technostress and safety culture by offering insights into human-technology interaction in technology-intensive perioperative settings.

Sustaining quality and patient safety (QPS) is a global priority due to risks such as patient harm, poor experiences, inequity, and resource waste. Training and education in key competency areas can support continuous improvement and enhance workforce performance. Clearly defining core QPS competencies for healthcare staff is essential to ensure preparedness to provide quality, safe care. Competency frameworks provide structured support for training and curriculum development, with many developed globally as strategic initiatives, some using evidence-based approaches. However, there is no consensus on core competencies to promote quality and patient safety, definitions of relevant terms can vary, and evidence on framework effectiveness is mixed. To address this research gap, the objective of this review was to systematically explore and collate evidence to provide insight into the current landscape of QPS competencies and frameworks. Additionally, this review sought to identify how competencies and competency frameworks have been designed, developed, implemented and evaluated. We searched for studies on QPS competencies and frameworks in PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Cochrane Library from Jan 2010 to April 2023. We also conducted grey literature searches on Google Scholar, Opengrey, and the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE). All studies that described QPS competencies and/or frameworks were included. Since the studies varied in type, a narrative approach was adopted to synthesise the included studies. Out of the initial 14,144 studies found, 118 were deemed relevant after thoroughly reviewing abstracts and full texts. Of these, 36 studies outlined specific QPS competency frameworks, while the remaining 82 studies assessed various QPS competencies across diverse contexts. Upon analysing data from all 118 studies, we identified 37 QPS topic areas and a variety of competency statements encompassing skills, knowledge, and behaviours deemed relevant for promoting QPS. The most frequent QPS topic areas included communication, patient safety culture, teamwork and collaboration, risk monitoring and management and patient-centred care. The review has highlighted key insights into education and training related to QPS competencies. Core competency topic areas have been identified that are essential for workforce development and the promotion of quality and patient safety in healthcare settings. However, there is a gap in research on strategies to effectively implement and integrate QPS frameworks into practice, leading to insufficient evidence on translating these competencies into real-world application.