Safety Benefits Research Articles

Recombinant Human TSH Versus Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal: The Role in the Preparation for RAI Therapy in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Comprehensive Evidence-Based Review

Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy plays a fundamental role in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) following appropriate surgical intervention. High levels of TSH are required in order to achieve maximum RAI uptake in residual thyroid tissue or metastatic cells. The two techniques that are most commonly used are thyroid hormone withdrawal (THW), which induces endogenous TSH elevation by creating a hypothyroid state, and exogenous stimulation with recombinant human TSH (rhTSH). This review compares both approaches over a range of DTC risk categories. Extensive evidence demonstrates that rhTSH and THW yield equivalent oncological outcomes, including remnant ablation success, recurrence-free survival, and overall survival, in low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease. Additionally, rhTSH maintains quality of life by avoiding hypothyroid symptoms. While THW continues to be an excellent option when there is a lack of availability of rhTSH, its disadvantages, particularly the transient hypothyroid state, must be carefully weighed against the demonstrated equivalence in efficacy. In current clinical practice, rhTSH is frequently the preferred option for its convenience, safety, and patient-centered benefits; however, the selection of the optimal approach should be based on individual clinical circumstances and patients’ preferences, as well as resource considerations.

From store to home: Insights into parental baby snack choices.

From store to home: Insights into parental baby snack choices.

Advances in Photobiomodulation: Effects on Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Paracrine Factors.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as pivotal tools in biomedical engineering, owing to their remarkable capacity for tissue repair and regeneration. Photobiomodulation (PBM), a non-invasive and safe physical stimulation technique, has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing MSCs' cellular activity, osteogenic differentiation, and therapeutic efficacy. Despite these promising findings, several challenges hinder the clinical translation of PBM, including the optimization of irradiation parameters to maximize therapeutic outcomes and the standardization of protocols to ensure reproducibility and reliability. This review explores the current advancements in PBM technology and its application in MSC research, with a focus on understanding its mechanisms and therapeutic potential. By delving into the fine-tuning of PBM parameters, including cell factor secretion dynamics, signal transduction pathways, and cell-cell interaction networks, we aim to illuminate how PBM modulates the paracrine functions of MSCs. Additionally, the integration of PBM with biomaterials and engineering technologies presents exciting opportunities for bone tissue engineering and cell therapy. Future research should focus on uncovering the mechanisms by which PBM influences MSC behavior, optimizing its therapeutic parameters, and evaluating its safety and long-term benefits. Such efforts will pave the way for PBM's seamless integration into clinical applications, including complex bone defect repair, thereby advancing its role in precision medicine.

Dynamic response modeling of mine water flooding following grouting and rehabilitating of coalbed water-conducting channels

BackgroundTo optimize strategies for blocking coalbed aquifer water-conducting channels using grouting techniques.This study addresses dynamic water-blocking challenges in coalbed aquifers by introducing two novel materials—superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) and low-carbon cementitious materials (LCMs)—and developing optimized grouting strategies for hydrogeological pathway sealing.MethodsBased on the geological framework of Xinjulong Coal Mine, representative of East China mining conditions,multiscale experimental models were established to replicate three critical water-conducting systems: hydraulicallyconductive faults, karst collapse columns, and mining-disturbed aquifers with stress-induced fractures, with geological features reproduced at a 1:100 proportional scale.ResultsThe results demonstrate that SAPs achieved nearly 100% blocking efficiency in karst collapse columns within18 minutes, showcasing exceptional rapid sealing capability under high hydrodynamic pressure, while LCMs exhibitedhigh efficiency (89.4–91.4%) in sealing faults and mining-disturbed aquifers. These performances significantly surpassedthe predicted 80% reduction in mine water flooding volume. A grouting strategy classification system is proposed,systematically linking material selection to flow rate thresholds, with SAPs recommended for rapid, high-pressurescenarios and LCMs for sustainable fracture grouting applications.ConclusionsThe findings provide a comprehensive solution for mine water hazard prevention that simultaneously supports sustainable mining practices and contributes to China's ‘Dual Carbon’ environmental goals, offering bothimmediate safety benefits and long-term environmental advantages.

Human Factor in 3D Concrete Printing for Construction

3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) is transforming construction by automating wall fabrication and reducing labor-related hazards. However, its integration presents new challenges related to human-robot interaction (HRI) and safety. This study investigates human factors in 3DCP through a survey of 553 Architecture, Engineering, and Construction professionals and a literature review. Findings show strong industry support for 3DCP’s safety benefits but highlight concerns about training costs, lack of regulations, and workforce adaptability. General contractors prefer outsourcing 3DCP tasks, especially commissioning. Additionally, 3D printing companies often underestimate safety risks in tasks involving direct interaction with robots. The study defines key human roles and HRI levels in 3DCP projects, emphasizing the need for clearer role-based risk assessments. This work contributes to developing safer, more efficient practices for 3D printing in construction.

A Novel Automated Solution for Biomedical Waste Management

Efficient management of biomedical waste is essential for ensuring public health and environmental safety. With the growing volume of biomedical waste, effective segregation methods are increasingly necessary. This project focuses on developing an automated biomedical waste segregation device utilizing Arduino technology and sensors. The device categorizes biomedical waste into three distinct types: dry, wet, and metal. An infrared motion sensor identifies the type of waste based on preprogrammed characteristics, while an LCD provides real-time updates on the segregation status. Extensive testing with various types of biomedical waste has demonstrated the device's ability to accurately and efficiently allocate waste to the appropriate bins. Leveraging Arduino and sensor technologies, this system offers a cost-effective and practical solution for biomedical waste segregation. This innovation holds particular promise for addressing waste management challenges in developing countries, where effective biomedical waste handling is a pressing issue. In summary, this project illustrates the potential of using Arduino-based systems for biomedical waste segregation. The device has proven to be reliable, efficient, and economical, offering significant benefits for both public health and environmental safety.

A novel anti-reflux esophagogastric anastomosis in totally laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy: Hao’s esophagogastrostomy by fissure technique (HEFT)

BackgroundFor adenocarcinoma localized at the gastroesophageal junction and the upper third of the stomach, proximal gastrectomy (PG) is a commonly used surgical method that preserves gastric function. For reconstruction after PG, an effective anti-reflux technique is crucial. This study proposes a novel fundoplication and valvuloplasty esophagogastrostomy technique, named as Hao’s esophagogastrostomy by fissure technique (HEFT).MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 11 consecutive cases that underwent totally laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy with HEFT at Huashan Hospital, Fudan University from September 2021 to January 2024. The demographics and clinics pathologic profiles, preoperative details, and postoperative outcomes of the patients were analyzed. And the reflux conditions were evaluated 6 months after surgery by endoscopy.ResultsAll 11 patients successfully underwent the totally laparoscopic surgery. The operative time was 190 (150, 240) minutes, including a reconstruction duration of 30 (25, 30) minutes. No Clavien-Dindo grade II or higher complications occurred postoperatively, and the hospital stay was 6 (5, 7) days. Endoscopic findings at 6 months postoperatively indicated 2 cases of LA grade A esophagitis. Among them, 1 patient experienced reflux symptoms after overeating, which improved after using proton pump inhibitor drugs. Notably, there were no occurrences of anastomotic stenosis.ConclusionHEFT presents a promising approach for anti-reflux reconstruction following proximal gastrectomy (PG), simplifying the surgical technique while maintaining favorable immediate clinical outcomes. However, given that this is a retrospective study, further research with larger-scale clinical trials and long-term follow-up is essential to validate its safety, efficacy, and long-term benefits.

Comparison of Remimazolam and Propofol for Sedation in Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis With Trial Sequential Analysis.

Sedation for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is challenging owing to patient comorbidities and procedural complexity. Remimazolam, a novel benzodiazepine, has potential safety benefits. We aimed to systematically compare the efficacy and safety of remimazolam and propofol for ERCP sedation through a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA). We searched Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-Embase, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared efficacy and safety of remimazolam and propofol in ERCP sedation. Sensitivity analysis and TSA were also performed. Five RCTs (965 participants) were included. In these trials, remimazolam significantly reduced hypoxia (risk ratio [RR], 0.522; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.348-0.783; Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation [GRADE], high), hypotension (RR, 0.507; 95% CI 0.396-0.649; GRADE, high), and bradycardia (RR, 0.475; 95% CI 0.308-0.732; GRADE, high). However, it increased tachycardia (RR, 3.363; 95% CI, 1.466-7.714; GRADE, moderate) and body movement (RR, 2.744; 95% CI, 1.216-6.193; GRADE, moderate). Delirium and agitation (RR, 0.586; 95% CI, 0.157-2.179; GRADE, moderate) and completion rate (RR, 1.009; 95% CI, 0.97-1.042; GRADE, moderate) were comparable. Recovery quality was higher in remimazolam group (mean difference, 1.541; 95% CI, 0.057-3.024; GRADE, low). Other outcomes, including induction and recovery times, were similar. Remimazolam demonstrated superior safety profile than propofol for ERCP sedation, significantly reducing hypoxia, hypotension, and bradycardia with high certainty evidence and TSA confirmation. Despite the higher incidence of tachycardia and body movement associated with remimazolam, the completion rate and risk of delirium or agitation were similar for both sedatives.

Comparative in-vitro antimicrobial activity of silver- and minocycline-rifampin-chlorhexidine-coated needle-free connectors.

Comparative in-vitro antimicrobial activity of silver- and minocycline-rifampin-chlorhexidine-coated needle-free connectors.

Construction of high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries by guest pre-intercalation MnO2-based cathodes.

Construction of high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries by guest pre-intercalation MnO2-based cathodes.

Transport System Digitalization in the Mining Industry

The mining industry faces increasing pressure to improve efficiency, reduce operational costs, and adapt to modern technological trends. Central to these challenges is digitalization. This paper compares the level of digitalization in the mining industry internationally and in Slovakia, raising the question of the feasibility of implementing digitalization tools in small-scale Slovak mining operations. The presented case study demonstrates the creation of a simulation model and 3D animation for the development of small and medium-sized open pit mines, using Tecnomatix Plant Simulation software version 2302.0004, empirical data collection, and programming with SimTalk 2.0. Internationally, digitalization through modeling and simulation is already at a much higher level, with advanced solutions such as digital twins. In contrast, digitalization in Slovak mining operations is limited to basic simulation approaches, with only a few documented attempts, highlighting substantial opportunities for further development. The simulation model developed in this study enables more efficient planning and management of logistics and transportation processes, with potential benefits for operational improvements, safety, and sustainability. Adopting digitalization, even in small-scale operations, can drive the future development of the Slovak mining industry.

GLP-1 receptor agonist use in elective lumbar spine surgery: Reduced pseudarthrosis rates and favorable safety profile.

GLP-1 receptor agonist use in elective lumbar spine surgery: Reduced pseudarthrosis rates and favorable safety profile.

Bioactive molecules in wheat "Senatore Cappelli" food chain: Extraction, analysis, processing, and beneficial properties.

Ancient grains, once forgotten due to the dominance of high-yield modern crops, are making a comeback due to concerns over biodiversity loss and global food challenges. This study examines the nutritional composition, safety, and health benefits of Senatore Cappelli, an ancient Italian durum wheat variety (SCW), highlighting its potential as a functional food. Using a multi-method approach, SCW was analyzed across four food chain stages (seeds, flour, pasta, and chaff) for compositional changes, phytochemical content, and safety. The safety of raw material was assessed by determination of biogenic amines, pesticides, mycotoxins and pathogenic microorganisms. The chemical profile detected by NMR spectroscopy revealed the presence of bioactive molecules such as phenolic acids and carotenoids in the case of chaff. The toxicity of ethanolic extracts was evaluated using in vitro assays on murine BV-2 microglial cells and in vivo assays on Caenorhabditis elegans animal model. No cytotoxic effects were detected at concentrations up to 250ng/mL for chaff extract and 1000ng/mL for seed, flour, and pasta extracts. Additionally, SCW extracts extended the lifespan of C. elegans, indicating potential anti-aging and health-promoting properties. These results position SCW as a valuable resource for enhancing bioactive compounds, supporting its reintroduction into modern diets and its use in functional food development.

Appointments by Choice: An Implementation Pilot Study for Patient-Initiated Follow-Up Care in Rheumatoid Arthritis

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to conduct an implementation pilot for Appointments by Choice (ABC), a new patient-initiated follow-up model seeking to optimize follow-up efficiency and patient-centeredness of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) care. Objectives were to evaluate patient recruitment and early implementation outcomes.MethodsThe implementation pilot started in January 2024 at a single rheumatology clinic in Calgary. Eligible patients had (1) established RA, (2) well-controlled disease, (3) no major medication changes, and (4) no other active complex conditions. Patients and providers used a discussion tool for shared decision-making about moving from regular care to the ABC pathway.[1] This included scheduling a new follow-up interval of 12-24+ months, a reduction compared to usual care. Between rheumatologist appointments, patient care was managed through a pharmacist-led clinic. Self-care was encouraged using a flare action plan. Baseline demographics were collected via survey and chart review. Feasibility was measured through recruitment numbers, ABC pathway adherence, flare clinic workload, and implementation adaptations using the FRAME criteria.[1] Preliminary data on ABC recruitment and feasibility were summarized using descriptive statistics.ResultsOver 8 months, 38/108 (35.2%) eligible individuals with RA chose to adopt the ABC pathway (Figure). 28 participants provided reasons for declining. Common reasons included lack of time/interest in research (n=6), concerns about reduced care access (n=3), and preference for usual care (n=5). Mean participant age was 59.5±11.0 years, with 82.7% identifying as White and 10.3% as Southeast Asian. Mean RA duration was 13.3±9.1 years. Only 2/38 (5.3%) participants withdrew from the study and returned to usual care, due to a major RA flare or inability to complete the baseline questionnaire. 36/38 (94.7%) remained on the pathway. The pharmacist-led flare clinic conducted 2 flare-related follow-up calls, 2 medication renewals, and 8 calls for other medical needs. One participant required an in-person follow-up. 32 implementation challenges were noted, 8 of which resulted in minor adaptations. Adaptations include opening recruitment to individuals with (1) RA with minor medication changes and (2) those with palindromic rheumatism who were on treatment and had positive serology; (3) adjusting recruitment timing to align with biologic renewal schedules, and (4) improving physician-pharmacist communication using a standardized electronic health record “smartphrase” for detailing follow-up needs.ConclusionThe ABC implementation pilot has provided valuable learnings for recruitment, implementation, and ongoing care when using patient-initiated follow-up models for RA care. Post-pilot analyses will provide additional insights into ABC safety, feasibility, and potential benefits. [1.] Wiltsey Stirman S. Implementation Science 2019;14:58.Supported by a CIORA grant

Safety in high-reliability organizations: The role of upward voice, team learning, and safety climate.

Safety in high-reliability organizations: The role of upward voice, team learning, and safety climate.

Exercise Interventions in Breast Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms, Physical Benefits, and Practical Recommendations

Exercise interventions are increasingly recognized as effective non-pharmacological strategies to improve clinical outcomes in patients with breast cancer. This review provides a comprehensive framework linking physical activity with breast cancer risk reduction, disease progression, and survivorship. We first outline the robust epidemiological evidence demonstrating that regular exercise significantly reduces breast cancer incidence, recurrence, and disease-specific mortality. The review then delves into the molecular mechanisms by which exercise exerts its protective effects, including modulation of sex hormones, metabolic hormones, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, circulating microRNAs, and breast cancer-related DNA methylation. Furthermore, we summarize findings from clinical trials evaluating the effects of exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness, functional capacity, and quality of life in breast cancer patients. Emerging research on the synergistic potential of exercise with conventional cancer treatments and bioactive dietary components, particularly polyphenols such as saffron and curcumin, is also discussed. Finally, we present evidence-based exercise recommendations tailored to breast cancer patients, emphasizing the importance of individualized prescriptions to optimize safety and therapeutic benefit. Collectively, this review highlights the multifaceted role of exercise in breast cancer prevention, treatment, and survivorship.

Research on Road Construction and Maintenance Technology of Open-Pit Mines

As an important infrastructure for mine production and transportation, the construction quality and maintenance level of open-pit mine roads directly affect the efficiency, safety and economic benefits of mine transportation. This paper systematically analyzes the characteristics and classification of open-pit mine roads, discusses the key technologies of road construction, including subgrade treatment, pavement structure design, drainage system setting, etc., and elaborates the technical points and management measures of road maintenance. At the same time, combined with the development trend of modern technology, the application prospect of intelligent technology in mine road management was discussed. The research shows that scientific and reasonable road construction and maintenance technology can significantly improve the service life of roads, reduce transportation costs, and improve the overall operation efficiency of mines.

High-Pressure Processing (HPP) Energy Efficiency and Scalability Challenges in Ultra-Processed Meat: A Review

The global expansion of ultra-processed meat products (e.g., sausages, nuggets) faces dual challenges: microbiological safety risks from conventional thermal processing and rising consumer demand for clean-label, nutritious options. High-Pressure Processing (HPP) emerges as a promising non-thermal technology to address these concerns by inactivating pathogens while preserving sensory and nutritional quality. However, its industrial adoption is hindered by significant energy efficiency and scalability constraints. This systematic literature review synthesizes recent research to critically analyze these barriers. Methodologically, we conducted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using databases such as Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and PubMed, focusing on studies related to High-Pressure Processing (HPP) applications in ultra-processed meats. Our analysis reveals that HPP consumes 2.5–3.2 kWh/kg up to 26× more energy than thermal pasteurization primarily due to hydraulic system demands and adiabatic heat dissipation during batch cycling. Scalability limitations stem from batch-based processing (3–7 min/cycle), vessel size constraints (<500 L), and capital costs reaching $2.5 million per unit, resulting in only 18% adoption by large-scale manufacturers. Energy recovery inefficiencies and product matrix variations (e.g., lipid-protective effects in emulsified meats) further exacerbate these challenges. Emerging solutions include semi-continuous systems (35% throughput increase), pulsed HPP protocols (18% energy reduction), and solar-hybrid installations (40% emission cuts), though economic viability remains problematic. We conclude that while HPP offers unparalleled safety and quality benefits, its scalability and energy intensity require coordinated innovations in process engineering, renewable energy integration, and cooperative industry models to achieve sustainable implementation.

Understanding Barriers to Home Safety Assessment Adoption in Older Adults: Qualitative Human-Centered Design Study.

Falls are the leading cause of injury-related death among adults aged 65 and older. The fear of falling can further limit older adults' independence by contributing to activity restriction, social isolation, and physical decline-ironically increasing the risk of mechanical falls. Although home safety assessments have been shown to reduce fall risk by up to 36% and decrease serious injuries such as hip fractures, their adoption remains low. Understanding the barriers to implementing these assessments is critical to improving their uptake and effectiveness. This study aimed to (1) identify specific barriers perceived by older adults in implementing home safety assessments and modifications to reduce the risk of mechanical falls, (2) explore the attitudes of health care professionals and other stakeholders toward these assessments, and (3) identify novel design opportunities to guide the development and implementation of more effective home safety assessment techniques and practices to reduce mechanical fall risk. This explanatory qualitative study drew on the "inspiration" phase of the human-centered design (HCD) research process. We conducted 35 interviews (28 initial and 7 follow-up) with 28 purposefully sampled participants in the San Francisco Bay Area between February and June 2021. Participants included community-dwelling older adults (n=3), geriatricians (n=4), therapists (n=6), product developers (n=2), older health researchers (n=8), and community program leaders (n=5). Interview notes were analyzed inductively by the research team to extract themes and generate insight statements and design opportunities. Analysis yielded three key insights: (1) older adults often experience a conflict between maintaining independence and implementing safety modifications. One participant described living with a "repeating mantra in my head throughout the day saying 'above all, don't fall.'" (2) aesthetic and privacy concerns frequently override safety benefits. Participants rejected modifications that made their homes feel "institutional." (3) access to occupational therapy services-already limited in rural areas-was further constrained by the COVID-19 pandemic, with some providers reporting that travel time "took up the majority of their day just assessing one home." These barriers help explain the low adoption of home safety assessments despite strong supporting evidence. The study identified design opportunities to address these challenges, including customizable, user-friendly safety solutions, dignity-preserving approaches to assessment, and technology-enabled remote alternatives. This study identified specific emotional, aesthetic, logistical, and access-related barriers to the adoption of home safety assessments among older adults. The proposed design solutions offer promising directions to increase uptake, improve user experience, and enhance safety. However, further validation through co-design with a larger and more diverse group of older adults is needed. Future research should pilot test these ideas across varied contexts and evaluate their implementation and impact.

Bexagliflozin - evaluation of the clinical efficacy, safety profile and potential new applications of the SGLT2 inhibitor: a review of the literature

Introduction. Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a growing global health, social, and economic problem. T2DM is often accompanied by other diseases and is associated with complications such as kidney damage and cardiovascular diseases. The 21st century has seen a breakthrough in treating T2DM, including incretins and flozins. This review focuses on bexagliflozin, a new SGLT-2 inhibitor approved by the FDA for treating T2DM. Its efficacy, safety, and potential benefits of new uses are analyzed. Material and methods. Sources were obtained using PubMed and Google Scholar, Medline using the keywords: bexagliflozin, EGT1442, new indications bexagliflozin, bexagliflozin trials. Results. Unlike other SGLT-2 inhibitors, bexagliflozin has a different molecular structure, which may increase its selectivity and efficacy. Preliminary results suggest that the drug may offer additional therapeutic benefits over other drugs in this group, particularly in the treatment of hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias. Studies are currently underway to investigate its potential use in the treatment of chronic kidney disease in children and in the treatment of sleep apnea. Conclusions. Bexagliflozin shows promise as a treatment for type 2 diabetes, with additional potential benefits in treating other conditions. Although the drug is relatively new to the market, preliminary studies indicate that it may offer advantages over other SGLT-2 inhibitors in some areas. Nevertheless, further clinical trials are needed to further evaluate its efficacy compared to other therapies and its potential in a wider range of applications.