Safe Space Research Articles

Transdisciplinary adaptive participatory action research approach (TAPARA) for knowledge co-production with Indigenous Peoples

ABSTRACT Western knowledge, when complemented by other sources of knowledge, can more effectively address the global environmental crisis. Indigenous knowledge provides enriching perspectives from societies that have lived sustainably with their environments for centuries. A transdisciplinary knowledge system is crucial to achieve a safe space for life on the Earth. Several conceptual frameworks have contributed to transdisciplinary knowledge co-production, but concrete methodologies are needed. Here, we present a novel and decolonial methodology, TAPARA: Transdisciplinary Adaptive Participatory Action Research, for knowledge co-production with Indigenous Peoples. Originally stemming from a case study on indigenous agriculture, it is grounded on 6 principles in 3 layers (ontological, epistemological, and methodological) articulated in clear-cut but flexible steps for transdisciplinary research. TAPARA is developed within an agreed commitment framework in 4 dimensions (ethical, directional, methodological, and logistic). Its main strength comes from contributions from Indigenous researchers in their communities, using Indigenous language and according to Indigenous customs and time concept. Navigating across cultural, geographical, and cognitive dimensions, TAPARA embraces complexity. It makes significant progress in transdisciplinary knowledge co-production, but challenges remain.

Employment discrimination of the LGTBIQ+ migrant population: a scoping review

PurposeThis paper is a scoping review that aims to explore the scientific evidence in relation to employment discrimination suffered by LGTBIQ+ migrants.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a search in the electronic databases PsycINFO, SCOPUS and WOS, 89 studies were obtained. It has been conducted using PRISMA protocol and applied to an initial corpus of 89 academic texts. Having implemented the suitability, screening and inclusion criteria, this corpus was refined to a sample of four articles. These were evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools.FindingsDespite the scarce scientific evidence on the subject, we can affirm that power dynamics place migrant LGTBIQ+ people in a clearly disadvantaged position with regard to labour integration. The simultaneous ascription to the multiple groups analysed entails the experience of facing double or triple discrimination.Research limitations/implicationsThe review highlights the need for more research on LGTBIQ+ migrant issues across various contexts and sectors. It suggests detailed analysis of homophobia and homophilia in different areas, visibility of good practices and exploration of coping strategies like de-transitioning. The sample of people investigated could be extended to other acronyms of the collective. Scaling up research would also be useful to compensate for the methodological limitations of the studies. For example, the hypothesis that the cultural sector is more inclusive with real job offers could be taken up.Practical implicationsThe review highlights the need for comprehensive policy interventions to prevent stigmatisation, ensure healthcare access and recognize the rights of marginalized populations. It calls for intersectional approaches in employment and migration policies to address multiple oppressions faced by LGTBIQ+ migrants. The review also recommends revising foreigner regulations to reduce barriers for refugees, ensuring cultural and gender diversity in transit spaces and reinforcing anti-discrimination legislation to guarantee rights and reduce social exclusion. In addition, it would be advisable to reduce waiting times for the resolution of applications and ensure that spaces they are forced to transit are favourable to gender diversity.Social implicationsThe review emphasizes the importance of awareness-raising strategies to counteract exclusionary narratives and promote empathy towards LGTBIQ+ migrants. It advocates for training resources for healthcare, legal professionals and civil servants and inclusion programmes in workplaces. It suggests following principles of new narratives to foster inclusive perceptions and safe spaces and calls for institutional commitments to diversity and inclusion to challenge discrimination and hierarchical exclusion structures.Originality/valueIt is necessary to approach this phenomenon through the prism of intersectionality in order to understand it and to develop appropriate intervention strategies and policy formulation leading to the eradication of discrimination and the reduction of inequalities in the work environment.

Evaluating Bird Species Acceptance of Naturally Constructed Artificial Nests: A Study from Kalahandi, India

Nests play a crucial role in the bird life cycle by providing a safe space for egg-laying, incubation, and chick-rearing, protecting them from predators and harsh environmental conditions. However, habitat destruction due to deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion is making it increasingly difficult for many bird species to find suitable nesting sites. This study seeks to explore avian preferences for artificial nests constructed from diverse natural materials and assess their efficacy in offering appropriate nesting locations. A total of 118 artificial nests were constructed utilizing different types of locally available materials. The design of these nests emulates natural habitats. Observations indicated that various bird species displayed distinct preferences influenced by factors such as nest size, material, and placement. Some species, including the Red Munia, Greater Coucal, House Sparrow, and Indian Robin, have shown a remarkable ability to adapt to artificial nests, whereas others still depend on natural nesting sites. The investigation emphasises the promise of artificial nests in aiding bird populations, particularly in regions experiencing habitat degradation. Additional investigation is essential to enhance nest designs and guarantee their successful application in avian conservation initiatives.

Smart urban transportation: advancing IoT-based thermal management for lithium-ion EV battery packs

IntroductionIn urban transportation, EVs are emerging as a crucial revolution that offers insignificant environmental effects, low noise pollution, better efficiency, and freedom from fossil fuels. However, EVs suffer from many challenges with battery packs.ObjectiveThis study aims to design a battery pack with a comprehensive thermal management strategy for the extension of operational lifespan, which will allow for a rapid transition towards sustainable smart urban transportation.Materials and methodologyThis study emphasizes the issues related to reliability, safety, driving range, capacity, charging, and discharging duration of battery packs. Particular focus is given to the operational temperature of individual cells in the battery pack in a safer zone by implementing various technologies like a heat sink, Peltier module, cooling fan, cold plate, water block, fan grill, and coolant pump. An IoT arrangement is proposed to monitor the temperature using Node-MCU (ESP8266) in association with the DS18B20 sensor and Blynk cloud.ResultsThe study shows that efficient thermal management positively affects charging and discharging efficiency, cell balancing, cycle life, and capacity retention of EVs. Also, the temperature of the condition is monitored by an Android app.ConclusionIn conclusion, the thermal management solution of an EV battery pack is implemented using various methods, and IoT technology is also utilized to monitor the condition of the battery pack.

Aerosolized Bacteriophage MS2 Inactivation by Microdroplets of Ozone Solution at Two Different Relative Humidity Levels

ABSTRACT The latest outbreaks of COVID-19 and other airborne diseases have focused attention on the importance of ensuring safe spaces and reduced exposure to airborne pathogens. This study proposes a new methodology to inactivate airborne pathogens using ozone solution microdroplets. Ozone solution microdroplets and microdroplets containing the viral indicator bacteriophage MS2 (ATCC 15,597-B1) were introduced into a contact chamber at two relative humidity (RH) levels: below 50% (20–45%) and above 50% (50–80%). Both microdroplet streams made contact and were then collected using a gelatin filter, which was processed through the double agar layer (DAL) technique to assess their effectiveness. For an RH level below 50%, an inactivation of 4.0-Log was achieved by applying a C·t of 0.286 min·mg·L−1 and an inactivation rate constant of 14.83 L·mg−1·min−1 (std. dev. of 0.374). For an RH level above 50%, inactivation of 4.3-Log was achieved by applying a C·t of 0.180 min·mg·L−1 and inactivation rate constant of 23.904 L·mg−1·min−1 (std. dev. of 0.679). Also, it was found that there is no statistically significant difference between applying the disinfection process at RH above 50% or below 50%. These results show that the ozone solution microdroplets effectively inactivate the bacteriophage MS2 microdroplets, regardless of ambient RH.

Educational Inclusion of Children with Down Syndrome in Kuwait: Challenges from Kindergarten Teachers’ Perspectives

Understanding the challenges of inclusive education is essential for evaluating its effectiveness. By identifying these obstacles, stakeholders, policymakers, and educators can systematically address the issues. This study investigates the barriers to including children with Down syndrome in kindergartens in Kuwait, focusing on teachers’ perspectives. Using a descriptive survey method, the researcher designed a questionnaire with two sections: the first covered demographic variables, and the second consisted of 32 items addressing the study’s themes. The questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 90 kindergarten teachers in Kuwait. Data on the challenges hindering the inclusion of children with Down syndrome, as perceived by the teachers, were collected and analyzed using appropriate statistical methods.The findings revealed that administrative barriers were the most significant, with a mean score of 3.86 and a standard deviation of 0.70. The lack of clear policies supporting inclusion was identified as the primary barrier from the teachers’ perspective. Furthermore, concerns were raised about inadequate infrastructure, such as the absence of safe spaces and poor building design. Regarding family-related barriers, the results indicated that families also posed challenges to implementing inclusion for children with Down syndrome in kindergartens.The study recommended implementing awareness programs and workshops for teachers, parents, and non-disabled students to improve understanding of the needs of children with Down syndrome in inclusive kindergarten settings.

Proceedings from an Indigenous Women’s Health Workshop: Use of a Co-Creation Process to Build Cross-Disciplinary Relationships and Support Creation of an Indigenous Women’s Health Priority Agenda

Indigenous women experience disproportionately higher rates of adverse health outcomes. Few studies have explored the root of these problems or defined health and wellness from the perspectives of Indigenous women. Our objective was to elicit views on Indigenous women’s health from women who are Indigenous and/or have experience working with Indigenous communities across Turtle Island and Hawai‘i (e.g., United States). Informed by intersectionality as a social critical theory, we convened a workshop to engage in a co-creative consensus-building and expert decision process using design thinking. The two-day workshop embraced Indigenous values of land, sacred spaces, genealogy, family, rituals, and culture. Participants included United States-based Native and Indigenous women (n = 16) and allies (n = 7). Participants focused on answering key questions such as “What are priority areas for Indigenous women’s health”? and “What are the key facilitators and barriers to improving Indigenous women’s health”? Co-created priority lists for each of these topics were generated. Participants overwhelmingly reported satisfaction with the workshop process and emphasis on a strength-based, culturally driven approach to share their stories, which contextualized the ideas, concerns, and priorities of Indigenous women who self-reflected on their own health and wellness. Creating culturally safe spaces for Indigenous people to reflect on their own hopes for the future relates to the theme by describing a process to bridge traditional healing with modern-day practices to build pilina.

Homecoming Rainbows: Queer Jewish Blessings Creating Safe Spaces for LGBTQ+ Individuals

ABSTRACT The concept of “home” holds dual significance for LGBTQ+ individuals. It can be a sanctuary, nurturing comfort with identities and aiding in coming out. However, it can also be a place of hostility, reinforcing LGBTQ+ prejudice. Similarly, home preserves family traditions and sustains Jewish identity and practice, but by performing rituals and ceremonies at home, it can also reflect antisemitic attitudes and expressions present in the broader society. This study demonstrates this queer-Jewish juxtapose by presenting a textual analysis of four queer Jewish blessings dedicated to marking and establishing the LGBTQ+ Jewish home. Each of these variations on traditional blessings is characterized by intertextuality with Jewish sources and the appropriation of queer language, symbols, representations, and narratives. The texts present the Reform Jewish liturgy as an agency in the effort to establish the home—both temporary and permanent—as a safe and protected space for LGBTQ+ individuals, with faith and tradition playing a key role in realizing this vision. However, the blessings also reveal heteronormative trends that undermine the radical nature of queerness, such as the sanctification of the institution of marriage. Thus, it appears that the liturgical field may not only be discovered as a harmonious solution in the contemporary encounter between Judaism and queerness but also as a space for the reproduction and preservation of traditional hegemonic structures and perceptions.

Adaptive Vehicular Communication Protocol

Abstract—Traditional automotive communication systems do not keep up with the demands of real-time safety and adaptability as roads become busier and environmental uncertainties increase. An adaptive vehicular communication protocol is proposed in this study, which rethinks how cars interact with their environment. Our system combines intelligent communication, autonomous decision-making, and real- time sensor data to enable cars to ”sense” and ”react” to dynamic hazards, such as fire outbreaks, changing weather conditions tracked by a DHT module, and unexpected earthquakes picked up by vibration sensors. Using a hybrid Bluetooth-GSM model that adjusts to distance, vehicles can ”talk” to each other and to infrastructure (such as lighting) with ease, guaranteeing dependable short- and longrange connectivity. By rerouting traffic to safe zones, informing hospitals, and contacting emergency contacts, the protocol serves as a digital lifeline during emergencies. It also uses ultrasonic and infrared sensors to share vital driving data, such as lane changes, braking, and acceleration, to enable safer autonomous navigation. Test results show increased accuracy in catastrophe situations, decreased communication delays, and quicker danger reaction times. This study highlights a vision for transportation networks that embrace the unpredictability of an unpredictable environment while prioritizing human safety, going beyond technical innovation. Index Terms—Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), Vehicle- to-Vehicle (V2V), Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), Adaptive Vehicular Communication Protocol (AVCP), traffic safety, autonomous braking, real-time data exchange, dynamic routing, spectrum optimization, Bluetooth Communication (HC-05), GSM, Infrared (IR) Sensors.

Narrative medicine in pediatric medical education and patient care: A scoping review

ABSTRACT Narrative medicine is an approach centered on patients’ experiences and their illness stories. Its application in pediatric population warrants further research. This study aims to overview (1) the application of narrative medicine in pediatric medical education and (2) the implementation of narrative medicine in pediatric patient care. Searches were conducted in bibliographic databases (Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, EBSCOhost, Embase, MedEdPORTAL, Ovid, PubMed, and Web of Science) without date or language restrictions. Researchers independently screened articles, charted data, and performed data synthesis. Educational intervention studies were evaluated with Kirkpatrick Scale, and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used for methodological quality assessment of all studies. Forty-one articles met our criteria: 17 focused on the application of narrative medicine in pediatric medical education and 24 on its implementation in pediatric patient care. Educational interventions indicated general satisfaction, with reported improvements in empathy, reflection, patient understanding, and professional development. In patient care settings, narrative medicine provided a safe space for story sharing, enhancing emotional, relational, and social connections, and promoting patient- and family-centered care. This review highlights the translation of narrative medicine from educational interventions to clinical practice in pediatric settings. Although more robust research is required, existing evidence supports narrative medicine’s potential to foster authentic engagement with patients and caregivers and enhance the quality of pediatric care across various conditions and developmental stages.

Integrating Afrocentric praxis in intimate partner violence and HIV care for African, Caribbean, and Black women: Navigating disclosure and access to services.

This study aims to explore the intersection of intimate partner violence (IPV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among African, Caribbean, and Black women in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA). It investigates the barriers African, Caribbean, and Black women face in accessing services and examines the effectiveness of Afrocentric praxis in providing culturally informed services. Participants included African, Caribbean, and Black women aged 18-64, IPV survivors who had experience with healthcare and social services in the GTA, and healthcare professionals and social service providers knowledgeable about IPV and HIV in African, Caribbean, and Black communities. Convenience and snowball sampling were used to recruit participants through social media, and community organizations. Six talking circles and 18 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Content analysis was applied to identify key themes and patterns related to IPV, HIV, Afrocentric approaches, and service access. Ethical guidelines, including informed consent and confidentiality, were followed. Analysis revealed several themes: systemic barriers to accessing IPV and HIV services, fear of disclosure and stigmatization, and the impact of the "Strong Black Woman" schema. The study highlighted the importance of inclusive, safe spaces and the protective role of spirituality and culturally informed therapy. Afrocentric praxis emerged as essential for effective support, emphasizing community engagement, cultural context, and collective responsibility (Ujima) in addressing IPV and HIV. Addressing the intersection of IPV and HIV among African, Caribbean, and Black women requires culturally informed and empowering approaches. Integrating Afrocentric values and perspectives into care is crucial for creating supportive environments that recognize and address the unique challenges faced by African, Caribbean, and Black women.

Financial Performance Analysis and Z-Score Assessment Of Telecommunication Industry: PT Indonesia, PT XL Axiata, PT Indosat Ooredoo, PT Smartfren Telecom Before and After Covid19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic created changes in the telecommunications industry in Indonesia. During the pandemic, demand for digital services increased as people relied on online platforms for work, education, and daily activities. This led to an increase in demand for telecom companies. However, after the pandemic ended and people returned to normal physical activities, sales growth in the telecom industry began to decline. This study aims to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the financial performance of Indonesia's telecommunications industry, analyze the performance of each company, assess their risk of bankruptcy, and propose strategies to address these challenges. To achieve these objectives, quantitative approaches such as financial ratio metrics, including profitability, liquidity, solvency, and activity, were calculated. Statistical tests, including paired t-tests, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, were conducted to compare the financial performance of the Indonesian telecommunications industry before and after the pandemic. The Altman Z-Score model was also used to measure bankruptcy risk and identify whether the companies are in financial distress. The results showed a significant difference in Indonesia’s telecommunications industry’s financial performance before and after the pandemic in terms of profitability, as measured by ROA, ROE, and NPM, all of which showed an increase. Among the major players, PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk led the industry with strong and stable financial performance and was the only company classified in the "safe zone" by the Altman Z-Score. XL Axiata also maintained stability, although its performance was lower than Telkom and Indosat. Indosat Hutchison showed improvement during the period, partly due to its merger with Hutchison and initiatives such as massive tower sales and continuous innovation, which helped strengthen its position in the market. On the other hand, Smartfren faced significant struggles, showing a decline in profitability and being heavily in financial distress.

Child marriage and its consequences for adolescent mental health in conflict-affected contexts: evidence from Bangladesh, Ethiopia and Jordan

ABSTRACT Over the past decade there has been burgeoning interest in better understanding the complex economic and social drivers of child marriage to support evidence-informed prevention efforts. By contrast, notwithstanding the estimated 12 million girls globally who marry each year as children, the evidence base on the consequences of child marriage is much thinner – as are programming efforts to support ever-married girls. Moreover, existing evidence focuses predominantly on the education, physical health, and income-generation challenges that married adolescents face. There is only limited research exploring the effects of child marriage on adolescent girls’ psychosocial well-being and mental health, particularly in conflict-affected contexts. To contribute to these research lacunae, this article draws on cross-country mixed-methods data with 8,567 young people aged 15–24 collected in three conflict-affected geographies between 2021 and 2023: the Rohingya refugee camps in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh; Palestinian and Syrian refugee and host communities in Jordan; and two conflict-affected zones in Ethiopia. Drawing on a capabilities conceptual framework, the research finds girls and women who married before age 18 have higher rates of emotional distress (as measured by the General Health Questionnaire-12), higher rates of depression (as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and are less resilient (as measured by the Child and Youth Resilience Measure) compared with their never-married peers. Girls who married as children also have significantly less access to socio-emotional support from friends and trusted adults. Mobility constraints shaped by conservative gender norms, and exclusion from educational opportunities, further limit married girls’ opportunities to develop peer networks and to interact with service providers who could refer them to sources of information and support. The article concludes by reflecting on the implications of these findings, especially the importance of investing in safe spaces for married girls to interact with peers and trusted adults, while simultaneously engaging with key gatekeepers, including husbands and in-laws.

Implementasi Lingkungan Positif yang Mendukung Pembelajaran dan Pengelolaan Kelas di Lingkungan Kelas Enam Salah Satu SDN di Surabaya Barat

Classroom management is a conscious effort to plan, organize, implement, and supervise programs and activities in the classroom, so that the learning process can run systematically, effectively, and efficiently. Classroom management is needed to optimize the achievement of learning objectives. The essence of good classroom management is to solve problems that interfere with learning with effective strategies. This study aims to determine the professionalism of teachers in one of the elementary schools in Surabaya, the level of professionalism and competence of teachers in creating a positive learning environment, the condition of the student learning environment in the classroom, and the effect of a positive environment at school on student learning success. This research uses a qualitative approach with data collection techniques through observation and documentation. The results show that a positive environment at school supports students' learning success by creating a safe space to interact without judgment and develop interests and talents in learning. The research results include: (1) Teacher professionalism in the classroom, (2) The level of professionalism and competence of teachers in creating a positive learning environment, (3) The condition of the student learning environment in the classroom, (4) The feasibility of facilities and infrastructure that support learning in the classroom, (5) The effect of a positive environment in schools on student learning success in the classroom.

Anti-Black Misandry as an Emotional Reflection With Black American Male College Athletes: An Interpretative Phenomenological Study

Black American males, specifically Black male athletes, experience a form of twoness that uniquely recognizes their talents but also a societal fear. This work addresses Black American males’ multidimensionality and emotional and psychological expressions when dealing with societal racism. This work explores Anti-Black misandry through an interpretive phenomenological lens. Five Black American men who are former college athletes reflect and emotionally express their experiences being a Black man and an athlete throughout their entire athletic continuum and post their athletic tenure. Results suggest that Black males are willing to express their vulnerabilities emotionally in safe spaces while recognizing racialized gender norms about emotional expressions. Implications of this study suggest that Black American male college athletes, when given constructive support, have meaningful ideas and resolutions about how society can honestly acknowledge their humanity and not just gaze at their existence as entertaining objects.

Sandtray as a Means of Discernment: A Case Report on the Use of the Sandtray as a Career Counseling Intervention

The role of a school counselor is unique in that it incorporates multiple counseling domains in which other counselors may specialize. Especially for secondary school counselors, their occupation tasks them with career, social-emotional, academic, and often family and relational counseling. For that matter, this may include drug counseling, pregnancy counseling, and prevention. Over time, the emphasis on mental health counseling has waxed and waned depending on current trends; however, the focus on career counseling has existed since the birth of the counseling movement. The authors favor a holistic approach to school-based career counseling that incorporates exploring intersecting aspects of self-identity as significant to career discernment. This case report details the use of sandtray counseling as a means of further defining the career aspirations and expectations of two twelfth-grade female students completing their high school coursework while discerning their post-graduation plans. The results of the sandtray exercise suggest that adolescents may sometimes be unaware of the differences between their own aspirations and the societal/familial expectations placed upon them. The school counselor’s office offers a safe space to untangle the factors that influence students’ college and career readiness.

Assessing Safety and Infrastructure Design at Railway Level Crossings Through Microsimulation Analysis

The European Union (EU) is paving the way toward “Vision Zero”, a future goal of eliminating road fatalities and severe injuries. Railway level crossings are critical safety hotspots where road and rail traffic intersect and present a unique challenge in balancing the safety of both rail and road users while ensuring efficient traffic flow. Collisions at these crossings account for a significant proportion of railway-related fatalities in the EU, underscoring the need for targeted safety interventions. This article explores the impact of signal preemption strategies on the safety and operational performance of railway level crossings through a microsimulation analysis. Using VISSIM, a railway level crossing and its adjacent road intersection were modeled under existing and alternative scenarios. The preemption strategy was designed to clear vehicles from the crossing area before train arrivals, reducing conflict risks and optimizing traffic flow. Key findings reveal that the proposed preemption strategy significantly reduces queue lengths within critical safety zones, mitigating vehicle spillback and enhancing operational efficiency. The analysis highlights the importance of integrating railway operations with traffic signal systems, particularly in urban areas with limited queue storage capacity.

Structural Failure Modes of Single-Story Timber Houses Under Tsunami Loads Using ASCE 7’S Energy Grade Line Analysis

The structural response of single-story timber houses subjected to the 27 February 2010 Chile tsunami is studied in San Juan Bautista, an island town located nearly 600 km westward from the earthquake’s rupture source, in the Pacific Ocean. The ASCE 7-22 energy grade line analysis (EGLA) is used to calculate flow depths and velocities as functions of the topography and recorded runup. To understand the structural response along the topography, reactions and displacements are computed at six positions every 50 m from the coastline. Houses are modeled using the Robot software, considering dead and live loads cases under the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) philosophy. The results show that houses located near the coastline experience severe displacements and collapse due to a combination of hydrodynamic forces, drag and buoyancy, which significantly reduces the efficiency of the foundations’ anchorage. Structures far from the coastline are less exposed to reduced velocities, resulting in decreased displacements, structural demand and a tendency to float. Finally, the methodology is validated by applying a nonlinear analysis of the structures subjected to tsunami loads at the different positions considered in this study. Despite their seismic resistance, lightweight timber houses are shown to not be suitable for areas prone to tsunamis. Tsunami-resilient design should therefore consider heavier and more rigid materials in flooding areas and the relocation of lightweight structures in safe zones.

Computed Tomography Angiography-Guided Study of the Superficial Femoral Artery Course in the Thigh and the Identification of Dangerous Zones for Lateral Femoral Surgical Approaches

Background and Objectives: The superficial femoral artery (SFA) can be injured during an intramedullary femoral nailing procedure with proximal and distal cross fixation, performed for proximal femoral fractures and intertrochanteric fractures. The aim of this study was to determine the safe and dangerous zones for the SFA during operative interventions on the femoral body in Turkish society and to define the relationship of these zones with femur length and sex. Materials and Methods: Using a computed tomography angiography, the relationship between the SFA and the medial shaft of the femur was examined in 160 limbs of 80 patients. The upper and lower cut points of the medial part of the SFA in the sagittal plane were defined. The distance of these points to the adductor tubercle was measured and the ratio of this value to the femur length was calculated. Results: The average distance of the SFA to the adductor tubercle in women was 214.2 ± 25.9 mm at the anterior border of the femur, while in men it was 229.8 ± 26.2 mm (p = 0.000). The danger zone length was 85 mm in women and 102 mm in men, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.000). The average distance of the SFA to the adductor tubercle at the anterior border of the femur was 223.1 ± 27.3 mm, the average femur length was 374.9 ± 30.2 mm, and a moderate correlation was found between them (r = 0.568). Conclusions: When determining the intraoperative danger zone using anatomical reference points in surgical approaches to the femur, variables such as sex and femur length should not be ignored.

The Role of Individual Beliefs for Corporate Sustainability Transformations

ABSTRACTThis study finds that a classification system of beliefs—action logics—is suitable to understand the beliefs held by sustainability managers. Beliefs underpin individual behavior and can substantially influence how businesses behave. We present what beliefs are held by corporate sustainability managers through a qualitative research design. We show how individual beliefs, as building blocks of individual behavior, are linked to the implementation challenges related to corporate goals and processes that must be addressed to move beyond business‐as‐usual with corporate sustainability transformation. Our study finds that the advanced action logics of Strategist and Alchemist are most suitable for effecting a corporate sustainability transformation. Enablers for individuals to be more ethical and effective sustainability managers are proposed, with the view to encourage the action logics of the Strategist and the Alchemist at the organizational and individual manager level and to speed up the implementation of corporate sustainability transformation activities. The enablers are the comprehensive integration of sustainability into the core business, creating safe corporate spaces for experimentation and reflection, encouraging new forms of collaboration within and outside the business.