ABSTRACT Dutch Caribbean (DC) students face challenges in the racialized Dutch educational context that negatively affect their mental wellbeing and study success. To address this issue, this study aimed to develop need-based intervention(s) to foster resilience and sense of belonging among DC students. A Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach was used to develop and implement five reflexive workshops and one impact event over three years to foster and improve individual and community resilience among DC students. The interventions provided reflexive and healing spaces for students to share racialized experiences, feel connected, and (re)build a sense of self and community. More culturally appropriate interventions were recommended to empower DC students to connect and cope with their emotions and foster resilience. The findings warrant the need for more safe reflexive spaces for racialized students to connect, share experiences, and build both personal and communal resilience – as anti-racist transformative praxis.

Childbearing decisions are a pivotal factor shaping the future professional and personal trajectories of nursing students, profoundly influenced by a confluence of socioeconomic, cultural, and individual factors. This qualitative descriptive study explores the childbearing attitudes, intentions, plans, and their underlying influencing factors among university nursing students in China. The empirical material was generated from semi-structured interviews conducted between November 2024 and March 2025, with thematic analysis applied to the data. Four major themes emerged: a polarized value perception of childbearing, framed as either a path to life fulfillment or a "high-risk event"; childbearing as a rational choice contingent upon constructing a "safe zone" of economic, professional, and psychological readiness; the critical influence of key relational actors, including partners and grandparents; and the structural pressures of the macro-social environment, such as high rearing costs and gender culture. The findings indicate that contemporary nursing students have transformed childbearing decisions into a cautious evaluation of a "high-risk life milestone," with procreation predicated on achieving an ideal state of readiness-a threshold significantly elevated by a desire to "surpass the previous generation." Consequently, effective pro-natalist policies must move beyond mere financial incentives to address the structural barriers and deep-seated anxieties related to career development, gender equality, and workforce support within the healthcare sector.

Wandering is a common behaviour among people with dementia living in care homes, driven by various factors such as enjoyment, a sense of purpose, lifelong habits, and social interaction. These elements can bring both physical and mental benefits, highlighting the need for strategies that enable safe wandering while respecting individual autonomy. This realist synthesis aimed to explore these strategies and the conditions under which they lead to successful outcomes. This realist synthesis involved scoping the literature to develop initial theoretical explanations for how different strategies could support safe wandering. From this literature, we developed context-mechanism-outcome configurations, which we combined into initial programme theories. Systematic searches were then used to test and refine these programme theories. Studies were prioritised for inclusion based on criteria of relevance and richness. We extracted data pertinent to the initial programme theories and documented relevance, richness, and rigour. We synthesised data into five refined programme theories. At each stage of the process, we collaborated with stakeholders to develop and validate the strategies. The review included 79 evidence sources, leading to five refined programme theories. 1) Personalised Care: Emphasising the importance of staff practicing person-centred care by understanding residents, their reasons for wandering, and their life histories. 2) Monitoring: Effective monitoring requires good visual access or technological solutions that enable staff to observe residents, and detect when residents need support to walk while also enabling resident freedom and independence. 3) Navigation: Navigation is facilitated by dementia-friendly design features and environmental cues, which help minimise the challenges residents face due to diminished orientation and wayfinding abilities. 4) Managing access: Involving balancing residents' safety and autonomy. Strategies may include restricting access to unsafe areas by locking doors or using technology and camouflage, while ensuring access to safe spaces. 5) Hydration and nutrition: Hydration and nutrition (e.g., suitable snacks) is provided to prevent weight loss for residents who wander and may not stay seated during meals. These theories provide insight into supporting safe wandering, leading to improved wellbeing for both residents and staff, enhanced safety and autonomy for residents, and reduced staff anxiety. Strategies that create a supportive environment, provide physical assistance, and support hydration and nutrition enabled residents to wander safely. Identified strategies improved wellbeing for both residents and staff. However, the same strategies also led to ethical concerns around digital monitoring, deception, and access restrictions. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024559085).

In recent years, the growing number of student suicide cases has highlighted a troubling truth. An education system designed to support and inspire young people has, for many, turned into a source of intense pressure and emotional strain. Heavy academic demands, strict assessment practices, and constant competition have left students feeling ignored, restricted, and undervalued. This issue goes beyond academics; it represents a serious social and moral concern that requires immediate and sincere action. Mental health support is another area that cannot be neglected. Mental health awareness and suicide prevention campaigns, counselling centres, safe spaces, and guidance programs should be standard components of every school and university. Mental well-being should be treated with the same seriousness as academic performance. Ignoring students’ emotional struggles does not shield them from harm; it exacerbates the crisis. Proactive mental health measures can prevent tragedy and help students develop self-confidence, resilience, and hope for the future. Suicide rate reduction requires evaluating new approaches, like electronic health record–derived algorithms, internet-based screening methods, and ketamine’s potential benefit for preventing attempts, and passive monitoring of acute suicide risk change. For societies grounded in Islamic principles, the solution lies not only in policy but also in values. Islam emphasizes the sanctity of life, compassion for the vulnerable, and ethical responsibility toward others. The teachings of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ highlight the importance of patience, kindness, and moral guidance, especially toward the young population. Ultimately, combating the rising suicide attempts requires courage, awareness, and accountability. It requires protecting efficient and experienced teachers, removing toxic authorities, prioritizing mental health, fostering empathy, and grounding education in strong ethical values. Schools and universities must become spaces where students feel safe, supported, and empowered to grow, not merely survive.

This article explores how two scholars, one who identifies as White and one as a White-passing Latina, navigate identity formation, belonging, and critical consciousness in academia through collaborative duoethnography and pláticas. Guided by Latino Critical Race Theory (LatCrit) and Bakhtin’s concept of heteroglossia, we examine how our intersecting identities of race, ethnicity, phenotype, language, and cultural background shape our experiences in predominantly White academic spaces and our journeys toward becoming critical scholars. Through testimonio and critical storytelling, we challenge dominant epistemologies that privilege Eurocentric knowledge systems while marginalizing alternative ways of knowing. Our pláticas served as safe spaces for reciprocal dialogue, allowing us to critically reflect on shared experiences of marginalization, cultural erasure, and resistance. Themes emerged around tensions between phenotype and cultural identity, the power of naming practices, navigating college as nontraditional students, and developing critical consciousness. This work demonstrates how duoethnography and pláticas function as methodological interventions that validate lived experience as legitimate scholarship and create space for counternarratives resisting hegemonic academic practices. By centering our narratives, we contribute to scholarship on Latina identity formation, White-passing privilege, and the role of collaborative storytelling in fostering critical consciousness within higher education.

Individuals with severe mental health challenges [SMHCs] often have unmet needs that are beyond the scope of traditional mental health services. These needs are typically met by community agencies, charities and peer support groups. Happy Chat [HC] is one such peer-support group whose goal is to address social isolation, and loneliness by creating a safe space to facilitate the development of informal friendships among individuals with SMHCs in the community. Nineteen participants were interviewed as part of a qualitative evaluation of HC. Data were subjected to thematic analysis. Four categories emerged from the data. They were: Difficulties faced by persons with SMHCs (6 codes), Supports provided by HC (15 codes), Outcomes achieved (15 codes) and Continuing challenges (4 codes). Key supports reported by participants included a welcoming and non-judgemental space, that is inclusive and safe, continuing human connections, ongoing social, emotional and general support, as well as support and care during a crisis. Key outcomes reported by participants included improved confidence and motivation to leave the house, having a place of comfort and a sense of belonging, improved self-care, and social life, a new identity, and a renewed sense of hope and purpose. Four supports and one outcome were identified as being more closely aligned to the CHIME framework of personal recovery. Ongoing challenges reported by participants such as limited funding, are common in small, resource-limited peer support groups. Further research is needed to demonstrate any association between meeting basic and psychosocial needs and achieving personal recovery among individuals with SMHCs.

The global rise of K-pop, particularly the influence of BTS-a South Korean boy band with over 90 million international fans known as ARMY-has shaped youth culture and online communities. Music fandoms are increasingly engaging digital platforms like YouTube not only for entertainment but also as spaces for emotional expression and mutual support. Despite growing interest in the mental health potential of music-based coping strategies, limited research has examined how fandom cultures differentially express emotional needs and supportive interactions online. This study investigates specific mental health language patterns and coping mechanisms expressed by BTS fans in online spaces, examining how different linguistic features (including self-referential language and emotional expression patterns) may reflect psychological states and mental health needs. We utilize YouTube comments of fan-curated "sad" playlists of BTS. We further included YouTube comments from a Taylor Swift "sad" playlist as a reference group. The analysis aims to identify linguistic and emotional expression patterns in BTS fan comments and examine the potential mental health implications of music engagement in digital communities. Using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC), we analyzed a total of 13,224 YouTube comments-11,772 comments on a BTS "sad playlist" video and 1,452 comments on a Taylor Swift equivalent. Statistical comparisons were conducted to evaluate differences in comment length, word count, pronoun use, and emotional valence. Representative comments were examined to contextualize the emotion classification results. BTS comments were significantly longer (M = 253.38 words) and had higher word counts (M = 38.93) compared to Taylor Swift comments (M = 89.84 words, M = 16.08), p < .001. BTS fans used more first-person singular pronouns (10.24% vs. 7.43%) and expressed greater sadness (19.8% vs. 7.0%). In contrast, Taylor Swift fans exhibited higher admiration (8.0% vs. 5.0%). Among reply comments, BTS fans demonstrated more caring (7.5% vs. 2.0%), gratitude (9.1% vs. 4.2%), and optimism (5.0% vs. 1.7%). Linguistic analysis also revealed a broader international user base for BTS, including higher proportions of Spanish (6.11%) and Portuguese (1.89%) comments. Examination of comment content showed that fans used these spaces to disclose personal struggles, express gratitude for the community, and offer peer support, with many describing the fandom as a safe space for emotional expression they could not access elsewhere. The findings underscore the significant role that music and fan communities-particularly BTS fandom-play in fostering emotional expression, mutual care, and informal mental health support online. These results suggest implications for culturally responsive, community-based, and digitally mediated mental health interventions among youth and global populations.

ABSTRACT Gay Arab Australian men navigate complex intersections of cultural, religious, and sexual identities, negotiating their place within both Arab and LGBTQ+ communities. Despite increasing visibility, little research has explored the psychosocial meanings of belonging, exclusion, and safety across these contexts. This study draws on intersectionality and Minority Stress theories to examine how overlapping stigmas shape community connectedness and how individuals resist marginalisation through selective reconnection and resilience. Interviews were conducted with 11 participants in Sydney, Australia. Analysis revealed two overarching themes. The first, Intersecting Stigmas as Barriers to Connectedness, identified five forces that constrained participants’ ability to form connection: (1) cultural homophobia, (2) religious conservatism, (3) family expectations and community surveillance, (4) racialised sexual stereotypes, and (5) internalised shame and identity fragmentation. The second theme, Reclaiming Connection Through Safe Spaces, highlighted how participants connected through peer-led groups, queer-inclusive networks, and selective engagement with affirming cultural peers. Muslim and Christian participants reported similar struggles, suggesting that cultural, rather than religious, factors more strongly shaped experiences of stigma and connectedness. This study contributes to scholarship on sexual subcultures by illustrating how psychosocial wellbeing depends not just on LGBTQ+ inclusion but also on culturally grounded forms of safety, visibility, and connection.

In today’s rapidly evolving world, fostering creativity within educational settings is essential to prepare individuals for complex global challenges. This study explores the dynamic interplay between individuals and their environments in nurturing creative potential. The research focuses on the influence of participants’ experiences of challenge, comfort, destabilization, support, connection, engagement, and emotions on developing students’ creative potential throughout a creative dance intervention. Ninety-three university students (62 men and 35 women; Mean age: 20.5) participated in 36 creative dance classes over four months. Creative self-efficacy, tolerance for ambiguity, emotional creativity, and ideational behaviors were assessed before and after the intervention. After every class, a brief questionnaire assessing students’ experience of creative dance was filled out. A two-step approach, firstly estimating a mixed effect location scale model and secondly following a simpler linear regression model, was applied to assess how variations in the students’ experience of the creative dance program impact creativity-related variables. Contrary to the common belief that discomfort and stepping out of one’s comfort zone are necessary for creative growth, the findings suggest a more nuanced relationship. While challenges and destabilizing activities can stimulate creativity by preventing routine responses, the study found that comfort, support, and positive emotional experiences were significantly associated with creative self-efficacy and emotional creativity. Social support and connection emerged as critical factors in nurturing creativity. Environments characterized by psychological safety, where individuals feel secure to take risks without fear of negative consequences, seemed to be associated with creative engagement. The formation of group synergies through shared goals and mutual trust were associated with innovative outcomes and individual creative development. The study also highlighted the importance of consistent engagement and positive emotional experiences in fostering tolerance for ambiguity and ideational behaviors. While consistent support and engagement were linked to a greater ability to tolerate ambiguity, variability in peer connection and emotional responses during collaborative processes seemed to be associated with creative ideation. In conclusion, the research emphasizes the significance of person-environment interactions in creative development interventions. Supportive and comfortable environments that foster positive connections and emotional well-being were more consistently associated with favourable creativity-related outcomes than environments centred primarily on challenge. Integrating creativity and emotional awareness into educational practices, particularly in movement-based activities like dance and physical education, can unlock the full potential of these disciplines and better prepare individuals for the complexities of the modern world.

Proposal for Creating Safe and Secure Urban Spaces Based on Reexamining the Division of Responsibilities Between Urban Planning and District Disaster Prevention Plans

ABSTRACT Objective Eating disorders (EDs) are severe and complex psychiatric illnesses, with adolescence and young adulthood representing particularly vulnerable periods for onset, relapse and disruptions in treatment. The transition from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) to Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS) is especially complex, raising concerns about continuity of care and support for young people and their families. The Transition for Eating Disorders Youth intervention (TEDYi) aims to address these challenges by developing a person‐centered, peer‐led intervention grounded in lived experience to facilitate smoother transitions across ED services. Method This study represents the second phase of TEDYi and employed an Experience‐Based Co‐Design (EBCD) methodology. EBCD integrates the perspectives of young people, carers, and mental health professionals to improve transition services collaboratively. We conducted seven co‐production workshops with 37 co‐designers and analysed the data using reflexive thematic analysis. Results Three key themes emerged: (1) Being there—the importance of ongoing, reliable support; (2) Exploring readiness—factors shaping preparedness for transition; and (3) Enhancing engagement—the role of accessible psychoeducation. Insights were further refined through two Steering Groups, which considered delivery format, setting, and intervention materials. Discussion Co‐designers valued EBCD for creating a safe space where young people and carers could openly share lived experiences and for fostering a sense of community with shared goals. They highlighted that lived experience interventions in EDs can foster more optimal outcomes while helping individuals feel recognized. These findings will inform the finalization of the TEDYi prototype and subsequent piloting across clinical sites.

Introduction: Lewinnek safe zone has guided optimal acetabular cup positioning for decades. This study aimed to provide new data on dislocation rates after total hip arthroplasty (THA), assess the effects of cup positioning, and evaluate how well the event of dislocation can be predicted. Methods: A total of 1520 THAs performed at our hospital were included. The primary outcome was dislocation. Hips were divided into 20° × 20° areas with 5° intervals based on positioning, and crude dislocation rates were compared. Logistic regression models were used and the results reported using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Predictive performances were assessed with R 2 and C-indexes Results: 59 dislocations (48 posterior, 11 anterior) occurred, giving a dislocation rate of 3.9%. Neither a universal nor component-specific safe zone could be created. Cup brand was the most significant factor. Overall predicative values were 0.041–0.134 with R 2 values and 0.665–0.775 with C-index values. Conclusions: Dislocation after THA cannot be explained by cup positioning alone. Risk profiles differ between acetabular cup systems, and even though cup design emerged as a key factor, its explanatory power remained modest. These findings emphasize the multifactorial nature of dislocation and the limitations of universal safe zones.

Sexual assault is typically understood through a heteronormative and cis-normative lens whereby victims are females and perpetrators are males. This minimizes the experiences of gender diverse individuals who are sexually assaulted. Yet, these individuals have experienced high rates of stigma, discrimination, and violent victimization (inclusive of sexual assault) based on their gender identity and gender expression. Gender minorities are more likely than heterosexual and cis-gender individuals to experience sexual violence. This research explored the experiences of gender diverse individuals who were sexually assaulted. Descriptive phenomenology was used to explore the experiences of sexual assault among individuals who identify as gender diverse. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 18 gender diverse individuals who participated in face-to-face or virtual interviews. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically analyzed in NVIVO. The findings revealed four themes and one sub-theme, including: (1) Vulnerability, Isolation, Alienation, Rejection, and Power, (2) Blurred Lines, Coercion, Compliance, and Consent, (3) Disclosure of Sexual Assault (sub-theme of Police Reporting), and (4) Support and Acceptance. The firsthand accounts of gender diverse individuals who were sexually assaulted reflect the unique experiences of sexual victimization for individuals whose gender identity differs from the gender they were assigned at birth. The participants in this research identified the vulnerability associated with the gender diverse identity, which created opportunities for perpetrators of sexual assault to take advantage of them. They also highlighted the coercive nature of sexual assault in existing relationships and the complexity of sexual assault disclosure to formal support providers. Participants highlighted the importance of safe spaces and support from within the queer community. A better understanding of the experiences and needs of gender-diverse individuals who have been sexually assaulted may influence targeted support, inclusive education, and formal support providers' ability to respond empathically to their unique needs.

Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring is a gold standard in brain injury management. While supratentorial ICP monitoring is widespread, monitoring in the posterior cranial fossa is rare and lacks a standardized location. To define and validate a novel anatomic reference point-the WON point-for minimally invasive and standardized infratentorial ICP (iICP) probe placement. The WON point was defined as the outer third toward the ear along a line connecting the center of the external auditory canal on the side of ICP probe placement to the mastoid tip on the contralateral side. Feasibility was first assessed in 11 patients undergoing neuronavigated surgery. The point was marked and validated using tip extension. Next, an ICP sensor was implanted in 14 adult body donors on both sides. Depth, distances to venous sinuses (transverse, sigmoid, occipital, jugular bulb), and damage to critical structures were assessed. Finally, the WON point was used for iICP monitoring in 3 patients with ischemic cerebellar infarction. The WON point proved safe and effective. No damage to adjacent critical structures such as the brainstem was observed. The median distances from the WON Point were to transverse sinus 2.25 cm (IQR 1.8-2.5), to occipital sinus 4.15 cm (IQR 3.3-4.5), and to sigmoid sinus 3.2 cm (IQR 2.8-3.4). The safe median distance to the nearest venous structure was 3.28 cm (IQR 3.0-3.4). The universal WON point is a novel anatomic landmark enabling safe and reliable iICP monitoring through minimally invasive sensor placement, with cadaveric and radiological analyses confirming a consistent safe zone and 3 pilot clinical cases demonstrating feasibility in real patients. Further clinical validation is warranted to standardize its use in neurosurgery.

Accessible, culturally responsive, and high-quality harm reduction services, including needle and syringe programs and regional services, are essential for addressing disproportionate rates of blood-borne viruses (BBVs) and STIs among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who inject drugs. However, there is limited understanding of stakeholder perspectives to guide service design, and this is exacerbated by limited engagement with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who inject drugs. This project used the CONSolIDated critERia for Strengthening the Reporting of Health Research Involving Indigenous Peoples (CONSIDER statement) domains to critically reflect on this project's research design and governance, as a foundation for increased stakeholder engagement. The research was a partnership between university-based researchers, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community-controlled health organisations, and community-based harm reduction services. Participants were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who had injected drugs within the previous 12 months, recruited at needle and syringe progams in two regional sites, and one major city in Australia. Meeting notes, stakeholder feedback from fieldwork activities, correspondence with research partners, and stakeholder interviews were analysed using a reflexive thematic approach and the 17 CONSIDER statement domains. Using the CONSIDER statement as a reflexive tool, we identified establishing equal research governance and partnerships with Aboriginal and Torres Islander organisations and people helped ensure that our research processes and activities honoured cultural safety and meaningful engagement with communities. Collaborating with local service providers, we identified community-led strategies for developing culturally safe and accessible harm-reduction programs, supporting participant recruitment, establishing treatment referral pathways, and adapting research to community priorities. Preliminary stakeholder interviews provided a safe space for service providers and a consumer representative to voice their perspectives on service and policy development to address community needs and offer their advice on research activities. To date, positive outcomes of the project include capacity-building opportunities for stakeholders and Aboriginal project team members to exchange cultural knowledge, develop research skills, and present findings at conferences and policy forums. Researchers identified that project timelines should be flexible and adapt to community events and circumstances. Future research should allow feasible time frames for consultation with local health services and service providers. Engaging with research projects can be challenging for people with lived experience; it is recommended that researchers engage meaningfully and transparently throughout the research process, allowing adequate time to develop trust and build reciprocity. Using Indigenous research methodology with yarning as a method strengthened cultural safety and supported ethical research practices. Stakeholder and consumer involvement can provide guidance on how to effectively engage with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who inject drugs. Our findings will inform guidelines for enhancing harm-reduction services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who inject drugs.

Introduction: Accessible, culturally responsive, and high-quality harm reduction services, including needle and syringe programs and regional services, are essential for addressing disproportionate rates of blood-borne viruses (BBVs) and STIs among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who inject drugs. However, there is limited understanding of stakeholder perspectives to guide service design, and this is exacerbated by limited engagement with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who inject drugs. This project used the CONSolIDated critERia for Strengthening the Reporting of Health Research Involving Indigenous Peoples (CONSIDER statement) domains to critically reflect on this project’s research design and governance, as a foundation for increased stakeholder engagement. Methods: The research was a partnership between university-based researchers, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community-controlled health organisations, and community-based harm reduction services. Participants were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who had injected drugs within the previous 12 months, recruited at needle and syringe progams in two regional sites, and one major city in Australia. Meeting notes, stakeholder feedback from fieldwork activities, correspondence with research partners, and stakeholder interviews were analysed using a reflexive thematic approach and the 17 CONSIDER statement domains. Results: Using the CONSIDER statement as a reflexive tool, we identified establishing equal research governance and partnerships with Aboriginal and Torres Islander organisations and people helped ensure that our research processes and activities honoured cultural safety and meaningful engagement with communities. Collaborating with local service providers, we identified community-led strategies for developing culturally safe and accessible harm-reduction programs, supporting participant recruitment, establishing treatment referral pathways, and adapting research to community priorities. Preliminary stakeholder interviews provided a safe space for service providers and a consumer representative to voice their perspectives on service and policy development to address community needs and offer their advice on research activities. To date, positive outcomes of the project include capacity-building opportunities for stakeholders and Aboriginal project team members to exchange cultural knowledge, develop research skills, and present findings at conferences and policy forums. Discussion: Researchers identified that project timelines should be flexible and adapt to community events and circumstances. Future research should allow feasible time frames for consultation with local health services and service providers. Engaging with research projects can be challenging for people with lived experience; it is recommended that researchers engage meaningfully and transparently throughout the research process, allowing adequate time to develop trust and build reciprocity. Using Indigenous research methodology with yarning as a method strengthened cultural safety and supported ethical research practices. Conclusion: Stakeholder and consumer involvement can provide guidance on how to effectively engage with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who inject drugs. Our findings will inform guidelines for enhancing harm-reduction services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who inject drugs.

Background: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) relies on secure baseplate fixation to the glenoid. This carries a risk of suprascapular nerve (SSN) injury during peripheral screw insertion. Although fixed safe zones have been described, it remains unclear whether these scale with scapular morphometry or whether common screw positions confer differential SSN risk. Methods: Twenty cadaveric shoulders (ten pairs) were dissected. The superior safe zone (distance from the supraglenoid tubercle to SSN at the suprascapular notch) and posterior safe zone (distance from the glenoid rim to SSN at the spinoglenoid notch) were measured. Scapular dimensions (height, spine length, width) were measured. In ten shoulders, simulated RSA baseplate fixation was performed with superior screws placed at 11, 12, or 1 o'clock and posterior screws at 8, 9, or 10 o'clock. Screw lengths were based on glenoid depth. Cortical breach and SSN proximity were recorded. Linear regression assessed relationships between scapular dimensions and safe zones. Results: The superior safe zone (mean 2.9 ± 0.5 cm) significantly correlated with scapular dimensions (r = 0.78-0.86; p < 0.0001). All superior screws remained intraosseous across configurations. The posterior safe zone (1.9 ± 0.6 cm) showed no correlation. Posterior cortical breach occurred in 50% of specimens across all tested positions and was associated with smaller scapular spine length (p = 0.027). No significant difference in SSN proximity was observed between posterior screw positions. Conclusions: Scapular dimensions predict the superior, but not posterior, safe zone. Scapulae with shorter spine lengths demonstrated increased risk of posterior cortical breach, independent of screw position. These findings establish anatomical scalability of the superior safe zone and suggest that scapular morphometry may inform preoperative RSA planning; however, prospective validation is needed before routine clinical implementation.

ABSTRACT Art has long served as a form of social critique, yet the perspectives of minority artists often remain on the margins of public discourse. This article investigates how minority artists in increasingly diverse Nordic contexts – The Faroe Islands and Norway – use art to negotiate identity, claim heritage, and engage majority audiences. We present two telling cases: (1) a Faroese case involving two second-generation artists – a musician and a visual artist – who reflect on growing up visibly different in a culturally homogeneous society; and (2) a Norwegian case featuring three Latin American artists – a dancer, a guitarist, and a storyteller – whose performances challenge stereotypical notions of ‘Latino culture’. Based on interviews and ethnographic observation, the analysis traces how these artists transform personal and collective experiences into public engagement. Drawing on theories of identity and heritage, the article highlights how art functions as a safe space for existential grounding, articulating minority experiences, and acts of cultural engagement. By centring minority voices within contexts often perceived as culturally homogeneous and egalitarian, this study sheds light on the transformative potential of art, with relevance beyond the Nordic region.

Safe entry zones (SEZs) in the medulla oblongata offer consistent anatomical corridors for accessing intrinsic lesions while minimizing damage to nuclei and tracts. Data quantifying the geometric parameters of surgical exposure to the lower brainstem are limited. This study aims to anatomically and quantitatively analyze the exposure area, working angles, and linear extent of access to the medullary SEZs via the far-lateral approach. Ten formalin-fixed human cadaveric heads were dissected using simulated operative positioning. The far-lateral approaches were performed under neuronavigation, with coordinates of seven standardized landmarks on the brainstem surface recorded. Customized software calculated exposure areas, horizontal and vertical working angles, and the vertical linear extent of exposure. The far-lateral route optimized exposure of the ventrolateral medulla and olivary zone. The average exposed area for the far-lateral approach was 856.8 ± 139.7 mm². The horizontal and vertical working angles toward the olivary zone were 40.8 ± 10.2° and 54.8 ± 6.8°, respectively, with a vertical linear extent of exposure of 60.0 ± 6.6 mm. These data quantitatively characterize the operative field and instrument maneuverability provided by each approach. This study offers a quantitative anatomical framework for the far-lateral approach to the ventrolateral medulla, outlining objective parameters of exposure area, working angles, and vertical linear extent to the olivary safe entry zone. By converting microsurgical medullary anatomy into measurable operative geometry, these data support the far-lateral route as an effective and reproducible corridor for accessing intrinsic medullary lesions and could improve preoperative planning, trajectory selection, and surgical safety.

Nightclubs, often perceived as safe spaces for entertainment, can nevertheless harbour hidden dangers. Despite their popularity among young adults, the prevalence and characteristics of fatalities associated with nightclub attendance remain unknown. This research aimed to characterise the nature and frequency of nightclub-related deaths in the UK. We conducted a retrospective observational study using media reports and coroner verification to identify and characterise nightclub-related deaths in the UK between 2009 and 2024. Nightclub-related deaths encompassed those found deceased inside the venue and those who died within a few hours of attendance, typically on the same night. Articles were screened by hand, and included articles underwent standardised data extraction. Data were corroborated by searching open-source legal proceedings and communicating with the responsible coroner. There were 89 deaths associated with 75 nightclubs, with a median victim age of 22 years (range 16-54 years) and a rate of 5.9 per annum. Trauma-related injuries 45/89 (51%) and drug-related toxicity 36/89 (40%) were the primary causes. Blunt head injuries 19/45, mostly related to altercations 13/19, and penetrating trauma from knife injuries 17/45 accounted for most trauma deaths. MDMA was named as a cause in almost all drug-related deaths, 34/36 (94%), occurring at a rate of 2.4 per annum. Of the 89 victims, seven were under 18-years-old. Only 25/75 (33%) of the nightclubs with a fatal incident remained open under the same name. Using open-source media and coroners, this study identified nearly six deaths per year associated with UK nightclubs. Victims are predominantly young adults, with trauma and drug toxicity the leading causes. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions, including enhanced safety measures and harm reduction strategies, to prevent future tragedies.