Sacker Sell Spectrum Research Articles

Lyapunov and Sacker–Sell Spectral Intervals

In this work, we show that for linear upper triangular systems of differential equations, we can use the diagonal entries to obtain the Sacker and Sell, or Exponential Dichotomy, and also -under some restrictions- the Lyapunov spectral intervals. Since any bounded and continuous coefficient matrix function can be smoothly transformed to an upper triangular matrix function, our results imply that these spectral intervals may be found from scalar homogeneous problems. In line with our previous work [Dieci and Van Vleck (2003), SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 40, 516-542], we emphasize the role of integral separation. Relationships between different spectra are shown, and examples are used to illustrate the results and define types of coefficient matrix functions that lead to continuous Sacker-Sell spectrum and/or continuous Lyapunov spectrum.

The Essential Spectrum of Advective Equations

A description of the essential spectrum is given for a general class of linear advective PDE with pseudodifferential bounded perturbation. We prove that every point in the Sacker-Sell spectrum of the corresponding bicharacteristic-amplitude system exponentiates into the spectrum of PDE. Exact spectral pictures are found in various cases. Applications to instability are presented.

Complete guiding sets for a class of almost-periodic differential equations

A functional differential equation admitting a complete guiding set always has an a priori bounded solution. The introduction of this concept and the idea of reducibility allow the authors to apply a well-known method for the autonomous case to a non-autonomous problem. A previous result of Ortega and Tineo is extended to a non-hyperbolic semilinear functional differential equation with almost-periodic coefficients in its lineal part. The non-hyperbolicity condition is established in terms of the Sacker–Sell spectrum of the associated linear system.

Dichotomy Spectrum for Nonautonomous Differential Equations

For nonautonomous linear differential equations ⋅x=A(t) x with locally integrable A: R→R N×N the so-called dichotomy spectrum is investigated in this paper. As the closely related dichotomy spectrum for skew product flows with compact base (Sacker–Sell spectrum) our dichotomy spectrum for nonautonomous differential equations consists of at most N closed intervals, which in contrast to the Sacker–Sell spectrum may be unbounded. In the constant coefficients case these intervals reduce to the real parts of the eigenvalues of A. In any case the spectral intervals are associated with spectral manifolds comprising solutions with a common exponential growth rate. The main result of this paper is a spectral theorem which describes all possible forms of the dichotomy spectrum.