Comprehensive assessment of children's executive functioning requires integrating real-world measures with neuropsychological testing. This paper describes the first psychometric validation of the Russian language Childhood Executive Functioning Inventory (CHEXI) for 6- to 7-year-old children, examining 720 teacher reports and 447 parent reports. Psychometric analysis revealed satisfactory reliability for both informant groups, while teacher reports demonstrated a superior internal consistency (α=0.89-0.96 vs. 0.73-0.89 for parents). Interrater reliability was consistently poor across all scales (ICC<0.50), reflecting fundamental context-dependency when assessing EF skills in children. Teacher reports showed stronger criterion validity, particularly for NEPSY-II working memory scores, while parent reports emphasized difficulties in regulation and inhibition domains. Structural validity varied between groups, with teacher data fitting a more nuanced four-factor model and parent data conforming to a two-factor structure. These systematic informant discrepancies align with situational specificity concept and cross-cultural research patterns, underscoring the complementary nature of parent and teacher perspectives. The Russian language version of CHEXI demonstrates adequate psychometric properties for research and clinical use with 6- to 7-year-old children.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the usefulness and reliability of the Russian versions of the Global Assessment of Disability Related to Seizures (GADS) and Global Assessment of Severity of Epilepsy (GASE), as Patient-Reported Outcomes Measures (PROMs), among patients with epilepsy (PWE) in the Russian population. Additionally, we aimed to identify predictors of seizure-related disability and epilepsy severity in our patients. Data from 186 adult PWE consecutively enrolled in the outpatient clinic of the Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry were used to assess the validity of the scales. Clinical and demographic data were collected. Patients completed the GADS and GASE scales and a range of other measures (Neurological Disorders Depression Inventory for Epilepsy, Epilepsy Anxiety Survey Instrument-brief version, Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-31, EpiTrack, Epilepsy Stigma Scale) to assess the psychometric properties of the scales. Multiple linear regression models were developed to identify predictors of patient-reported disability from seizures and epilepsy severity. Both GADS and GASE demonstrated convergent validity, known-groups validity, and construct validity. The most significant predictors of GADS score included the frequency of seizures, achieving 1-year seizure freedom, official disability status, employment status, stigma, and anxiety. The main predictor of GASE scores was self-reported disability due to seizures (GADS), followed by quality of life, frequency of seizures, stigma, and cognitive function. The study confirmed the validity and usefulness of the Russian versions of the GADS and GASE scales, which can be used in both clinical and research settings.

Parenting is increasingly recognized as a highly demanding and stressful role that, in the absence of sufficient resources, may lead to parental burnout (PB). This risk may be particularly pronounced in the Russian context, where limited access to childcare for children under three and reduced extended family support coincide with strong social expectations of intensive parenting. Although PB and maternal depression frequently co-occur, it remains unclear whether PB exerts a unique influence on child development, especially during toddlerhood. The present study examined the association between PB and behavioral problems in children aged 1.5 to 4 years while controlling for maternal depression assessed both during the first year postpartum and concurrently with PB. Using a longitudinal design, maternal mental health was assessed within the first 12 months postpartum (Stage 1) and again at follow-up (Stage 2), on average 2.24 years later, in 419 Russian mother-child dyads. Mothers completed measures of postpartum depression (PPD) (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), current depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II), and PB (Parental Burnout Inventory). Child emotional and behavioral problems were assessed at Stage 2 using the Russian version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/1½-5). Mothers of children with borderline/clinically significant internalizing, externalizing, and total problems had significantly higher PB, PPD, and present maternal depressive symptoms, although the effect sizes were small. PB was strongly associated with all domains of child behavioral problems, also after correction for both postpartum and present depressive symptoms, as well as for other important covariates. Higher maternal PB symptoms further increased the odds of children having borderline/clinically significant internalizing and externalizing problems, although those effects were not independent of maternal depression. In turn, neither postpartum nor present maternal depressive symptoms were associated with any of the child behavioral problems domains. PB represents a distinct and clinically relevant risk factor for emotional and behavioral problems in toddlers, beyond the effects of maternal postpartum or present depression, in a context characterized by high caregiving demands and limited institutional support. These findings highlight an urgent need for programs aimed at identifying and supporting families in which parents experience high levels of exhaustion, regardless of whether they meet the criteria for other diagnosable mental health disorders. Addressing PB during toddlerhood may be critical for protecting both parental well-being and early child development.

Relevance. The wounded and injured veterans of the special military operation require rehabilitation to bring back their functionality and well-being lost in combat. In combat veterans undergoing rehabilitation, digital augmented reality (AR) can efficiently provide a motivating and immersive environment allowing to practice motor skills, overcome psychological barriers, and accelerate functional recovery. The objective is to assess the efficiency of digital AR-based technologies and adaptive sports in the outpatient and medical rehabilitation resort setting by way of comparative analysis of health-related quality of life indicators in the special military operation veterans. Methods . Health-related quality of life indicators were selectively studied in the two groups of the wounded and injured special military operation veterans who had undergone medical rehabilitation at an outpatient clinic (for 2 to 3 week) or medical rehabilitation resort (for 3 week). Group 1 was exposed to conventional therapeutic and general physical training (TPT and GPT), whereas Group 2 received rehabilitation using adaptive sports techniques. Group 1 (n = 78) represented combat veterans who received conventional rehabilitation (TPT, GPT, and adaptive sports), that did not include augmented reality technologies. Group 2 (n = 31) included combat veterans who received identical rehabilitation, though combined with digital augmented reality technologies. The study subjects were interviewed using the Russian version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF/WHOQOL-26). The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the results between the groups was. Based on the numerical data set, the median, lower and upper quartiles were calculated (Me [Q 1 ; Q 3 ]). At p &lt; 0.05 the differences were considered statistically significant. Results and discussion . In Group 2, the wounded and injured combat veterans reported significantly higher overall WHOQOL-26 quality of life scores both in the total sampling and within the subgroup aged under 30, as opposite to Group 1. Physical and psychological well-being, self-perception, self-assessed health quality, and overall quality of life were characterized by statistically significant differences in the median scores for both the total sampling and in the subgroup of the veterans aged under 30. Group1 and 2 showed no significant differences with regard to social well-being and microsocial environment. Age-related characteristics and the absence of notable differences for social parameters should be considered in the development of new AR applications and simulators for rehabilitation purposes. Conclusion . In outpatient and medical resort rehabilitation, the combination of digital augmented reality technologies, TPT and GPT methods, as well as adaptive sports-based rehabilitation effectively improves quality of life of the wounded and injured combat veterans of the special military operation. The results justify the need to establish in Russia a comprehensive, evidence-based framework for combat veterans, incorporating high-tech digital solutions across various stages and types of rehabilitation.

The social and occupational functioning Scale for epilepsy (SOFSE): Russian adaptation and psychometric performance in adults with epilepsy.

Aims and Objectives/Research Questions: The current research investigated the reliability of the Latvian Clinical Personality Inventory (LCPI) between Latvian and Russian language versions within a bilingual sample. The main research question was whether the LCPI demonstrates consistent psychometric properties across both languages, thereby supporting its use in bilingual psychological assessments. Design/Methodology/Approach: The reliability of the LCPI scales was assessed using parallel-form and test–retest methods with bilingual participants ( N = 94) fluent in and using both Latvian and Russian. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 81 ( M = 37.77; SD = 14.78). Data and Analysis: Reliability was assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient analysis between the different language versions and across time intervals. The study also analyzed Cronbach’s alpha for LCPI scales. Findings/Conclusions: The findings indicate a statistically significant correlation between the measures across both language versions, demonstrating a strong mean correlation coefficient ( r = 0.85). In addition, consistency was observed across different test–retest intervals, with a strong mean correlation coefficient for the respective language versions (LV retest r = 0.82; RU retest r = 0.85). These results provide evidence supporting the reliability of the LCPI scales. Furthermore, internal consistency was found to be high, as evidenced by Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, which averaged α = .82 for the Latvian language version and α = .83 for the Russian language version. Originality: The originality of this paper lies in the fact that it empirically assesses the cross-linguistic reliability of the LCPI, an area where previous research has been limited. Significance/Implications: The observed inter-language consistency, as evidenced by significant correlations between the Latvian and Russian versions of the LCPI in the bilingual sample, suggests a degree of measurement invariance, which is crucial for ensuring valid score comparisons across languages, thereby establishing the LCPI as a valuable tool for psychological assessment in bilingual settings.

An important part of the state ideology in the Russian Federation, known as Putinism, are traditional and new (Putinist) historical myths. The cult of the past and heroes and traditional values as interpreted and narrated by the power camp have become an integral part of state propaganda in terms of historical populism. Putin’s Russia combines historical revisionism in its colloquial sense with revisionism in international relations. The Russian version of history is also used by Putin’s dictatorship to legitimize power and consolidate Russian society (a collectivist-authoritarian community) and the empire-state. Failure to account for the crimes of the communist regime promotes the freezing of Russians’ historical memory and allows the government to pursue aggressive domestic and international policies. To this end, as part of its historical and educational policy, the authorities introduce a single history textbook, imposing a common (state) version of history.

Adaptation of the Russian version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) 6.0, and assessment of its psychometric properties. The study sample included 476 females, 208 with a confirmed diagnosis of an eating disorder (ED), and the rest were a healthy group. In addition to the Russian version of EDE-Q 6.0, the respondents completed a socio-demographic and other questionnaires widely used for the PPD diagnosis: the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), the Eating Behavior Scale (EBS), and the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). As a result of the confirmatory factor analysis, the four-factor structure of the Russian-language version of EDE-Q 6.0 was confirmed (Restraint, Eating concern, Shape concern, Weight concern). The internal consistency of the scales' questions is high (Cronbach's α=0.82-0.89). The clinical and healthy groups showed significant differences (p<0.05) on all scales, underscoring the questionnaire's diagnostic value. Correlations with the scales of other questionnaires used to diagnose ED confirmed the external validity of the Russian-language version of EDE-Q 6.0. The retest reliability assessment also showed high stability of the questionnaire's results over time (Spearman's Rho ranged from 0.72 to 0.89). The Russian version of EDE-Q 6.0 demonstrates good psychometric properties and is suitable for use in clinical and scientific practice for screening and monitoring the development of ED in the Russian female population.

To assess gender and age differences in the average mental health indicators in the population sample of children and adolescents. The study was conducted over a long period across various segments of the population in Siberian regions; 11% of participants lived in rural areas. The sample included 9.648 children and adolescents (50% female): 2316 preschoolers 2-6 years old (24%), 3449 junior schoolchildren 7-10 years old (36%), 1839 junior teenagers 11-14 years old (19%), and 2044 older teenagers 15-18 years old (21%). Children's mental health was assessed using the international screening Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for parents; the Russian version of the SDQ was previously validated by the authors. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to assess the effects of gender, age, and their interaction; subsequent comparisons of age groups were performed using the Tukey method. Compared to girls, boys had lower levels of prosocial behavior and higher levels of all mental health problems except emotional symptoms. Gender differences accounted for less than 1% of the variation across all measures, except for internalization (2.4%) and hyperactivity/inattention (3.1%). Age contributed significantly more, accounting for 6.2% of the variation in hyperactivity/inattention, 3.6% of internalization, and about 3% of emotional symptoms, externalization, and the impact of mental health problems on children's daily lives. The age characteristics of prosocial behavior and peer relationship problems were not associated with gender among children; the age trends of other indicators differed between boys and girls. In adolescence, the level of mental health problems and their impact on life decreased significantly; these changes were more pronounced in boys. Gender and age-specific features of mental health of children and adolescents indicate the specific features of successful and deviant development. These features should be considered when creating effective intervention programs.

The article is dedicated to the study of the psychological and cultural aspects of the perception of folk tales, using the Russian version of the common Slavic plot about the formation of temporary communities—the tale “Tеremok”—as an example. The issues surrounding the folk tale and its literary adaptations are examined through the lens of deconstructing ideological influences, especially those related to the tension between collectivism and individuality, as well as the formation and destruction of personal boundaries, self-realization, and the socio-psychological mechanisms that support them. To this end, we developed an integrative theoretical model that draws on concepts from analytical psychology, transgenerational trauma theory, object relations theory, and Bowen’s family systems theory. Special attention is given to the metaphorization of fairy-tale images and plot structures with the aim of using them for readers to work through childhood traumas and understand their influence on adult life. In particular, the article proposes an author’ s interpretation of the role of parental and social dogmas—often framed as “traditional values”—and the social pressure for their mandatory implementation in the life of every citizen, which leads to the formation and entrenchment of limiting, and consequently possibly less effective behavioral models in changing life (including cultural) contexts. The article also discusses examples from the practice of individual and group profiling, illustrating the behavioral strategies of “mice”—daughters growing up in socially conforming “teremoks” and then seeking self-actualization in their professional activities and personal lives. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of working through a non-societal reading of original folk tales to determine one’s individual values and behavioral paradigms, as well as working with personal boundaries and selfknowledge as necessary conditions for effective self-actualization and the formation of healthy, productive relationships in society.

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context and Relevance.&lt;/strong&gt; Individual differences in coping intelligence and emotional regulation are shaped by genetic factors. However, the relationship between &lt;em&gt;BDNF&lt;/em&gt; (rs6265) and &lt;em&gt;COMT &lt;/em&gt;(rs4680) gene polymorphisms and frustration reactions has not been fully elucidated. The theoretical foundation was provided by evidence demonstrating the impact exerted by these genetic markers on emotional regulation and the adoption of adaptive strategies. &lt;strong&gt;Objective.&lt;/strong&gt; The influence exerted by &lt;em&gt;BDNF &lt;/em&gt;(rs6265) and &lt;em&gt;COMT&lt;/em&gt; (rs4680) genotypes on the selection of reaction type and directionality in frustrating situations among Russian adults was identified. &lt;strong&gt;Hypothesis.&lt;/strong&gt; It was hypothesized that the directionality of frustration reactions (extrapunitive, intrapunitive, impunitive) and the level of group conformity in behavioral strategy selection are determined by &lt;em&gt;BDNF&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;COMT&lt;/em&gt; genotypes. &lt;strong&gt;Methods and materials.&lt;/strong&gt; A cohort of 254 adults (aged 19&amp;mdash;54 years; 48% male; 90% university-educated) was enrolled. Genotyping of &lt;em&gt;BDNF&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;COMT &lt;/em&gt;was performed using PCR methodology. Frustration reactions were assessed by means of an adapted Russian version of the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study (Yasyukova, 2018). Statistical analyses were conducted by applying general linear modeling in IBM SPSS 28. &lt;strong&gt;Results.&lt;/strong&gt; A significantly lower propensity for extrapunitive reactions (F = 4.01, p = 0.018, &amp;eta;&amp;sup2; = 0.032) and a higher propensity for impunitive reactions (F = 4.507, p = 0.012, &amp;eta;&amp;sup2; = 0.035) were demonstrated by carriers of the &lt;em&gt;BDNF&lt;/em&gt; Val/Val genotype. Low group conformity was associated with the &lt;em&gt;COMT&lt;/em&gt; G/G genotype (F = 4.305, p = 0.015, &amp;eta;&amp;sup2; = 0.034). No statistically significant interaction between &lt;em&gt;BDNF&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;COMT &lt;/em&gt;genotypes was observed. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions.&lt;/strong&gt; Non-confrontational frustration reactions were associated with the Val/Val alleles of &lt;em&gt;BDNF&lt;/em&gt; and the G/G alleles of &lt;em&gt;COMT&lt;/em&gt;. The neurobiological determination of coping behavior was confirmed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Context and Relevance.&lt;/strong&gt; The article is devoted to the development of a structure for professionally important qualities of specialists from guardianship and custody authorities and factors influencing their formation. The contradictory nature of requirements for these professionals' essential qualities stems from the need to comply with strict legal norms while simultaneously adopting an empathetic and flexible approach towards clients&amp;rsquo; needs. &lt;strong&gt;Objective&lt;/strong&gt;. To develop an integrated structure of professionally important qualities and analyze predictors that determine the formation of these qualities. &lt;strong&gt;Hypothesis&lt;/strong&gt;. The structure of professionally important qualities reflects the specifics of work for specialists from guardianship and custody authorities, demonstrates good psychometric characteristics, and shows significant predictive power regarding overall emotional intelligence level, subjective well-being, and procedural self-efficacy. &lt;strong&gt;Methods and Materials.&lt;/strong&gt; A total of 2036 specialists from 85 regions of Russia participated in the study, with an average age of 44,02 &amp;plusmn; 9,36 years, including 1500 specialists and 536 managers. Factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the structure of professionally important qualities. Factors influencing this structure were identified using: author-developed questionnaire on professional qualities, Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire "EMIN", Subjective Wellbeing Scale, Uncertainty Response Scale, Russian version of Self-Efficacy Scale. &lt;strong&gt;Results.&lt;/strong&gt; The structure of professionally important qualities demonstrated excellent fit to data, internal consistency, external validity, and high reliability. Despite differences in formal job responsibilities between leaders and specialists, they share a common psychological core of professionally important qualities. &lt;strong&gt;Conclusions. &lt;/strong&gt;The developed structure reveals substantial predictive power related to general levels of emotional intelligence, subjective wellbeing, and procedural self-efficacy, enabling more effective training methods and support systems tailored specifically to key psychological and emotional aspects of practitioners&amp;rsquo; work.&lt;/p&gt;

This article presents the results of textual analysis and literary criticism of I. Gasprinsky’s little-known work “Faith and Reason”. “This is apparently good, but what does our Sharia say?” / “Din ve Dünya, Aqıl ve Nâqil. Bu iş pek güzel, ama şer’i şerif ne diyor,” published in 1905 in issues 45 and 48 of the Terciman newspaper under the pseudonym Molla Abbas Francovi. The texts were published in Russian and Turkic versions simultaneously, with some minor differences. “Faith and Reason” / “Din ve Dünya, Aqıl ve Nâqil” is a philosophical work that addresses the theological problem of the relationship between faith and reason, which troubled Turkic-Muslim society in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The author defines the work’s genre as “conversation,” while the narrative is structured as a “monologue.” The subtitle of the text, “This is apparently good, but what does our Sharia say?”/“Bu iş pek güzel, ama şer’i şerif ne diyor?”, expresses the author’s evaluative judgment, the interrogative part of which contains an answer about the factor holding back societal development. The answers to this question are form the main idea of the work. The text consists of an introduction and two parts. The theme of the education of the Turkic-Muslim peoples lies at the core of this work. I. Gasprinsky converses with his reader about morality, ethics, and the human mind. The monologue concentrates the author’s thoughts, feelings, and will. These, in turn, are based on the importance of the development, civilization, and education of the Turkic-Muslim peoples, their evolution.

Objective. 1. To supplement the “Driving” item of the Neck Disability Index (NDI) with information assessing the impact of neck pain on the ability to move around by public and private transport. 2. To evaluate the psychometric properties of the modified version of this questionnaire. Material and methods. The object of the study is a modified (2020) Russian-language version of the NDI. At the first stage, we performed retrospective analysis of filled questionnaires and calculated percentage of omissions for the “Driving” item. At the second stage, the “Driving” item was modified, and psychometric properties of new version were assessed. Study participants were 337 patients (221 women and 116 men) aged 18-65 years with non-specific neck pain, tension type headache, migraine and cervicogenic headache (CeH). Results. A retrospective analysis revealed that the “Driving” item was omitted in 83 (43%) out of 194 questionnaires completed by patients with neck pain. To eliminate omissions, the name of this item was changed to “Using transportation / driving”, and each statement was supplemented with phrase “I use transportation...”, for example: “I use transportation / drive a car without any neck pain at all”. This modification eliminated omissions when filling out the questionnaires. The questionnaire demonstrated good internal consistency: Cronbach’s α=0.89; inter-item correlation coefficient=0.47. Factor analysis revealed a 2-factor structure of the Index. In the 2nd factor, “Headache” (0.878) and “Concentration of attention” (0.876) items had the highest factor loading. Cluster analysis revealed three separate non-overlapping clusters of patients with no, mild, and moderate disability. The group with no disability consisted mainly of patients with non-specific neck pain. The group with moderate disability consisted mainly of patients with chronic migraines, including that combined with chronic CeH. Conclusion. The Russian language version of the Neck Disability Index, modified to assess patients’ ability to use transportation, is a reliable instrument with good psychometric properties, ready for use in everyday practice and clinical trials.

Background. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and other neuromuscular diseases are severe inherited pathologies characterized by progressive muscle weakness and high disability rates. In Russia, SMA prevalence is approximately 1500 patients, with most cases manifesting in childhood. Modern drugs such as nusinersen, risdiplam, and onasemnogene abeparvovec can slow disease progression; however, their effectiveness requires comprehensive evaluation, including psychosocial aspects of patients' lives. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is a key indicator for assessing therapeutic effects, especially in pediatric practice, where not only physical limitations but also the impact of illness on emotional state, social activity, and family well-being are important. Aim. To conduct cultural-linguistic adaptation and validation of the Russian version of the PedsQL™ 3.0 Neuromuscular Module for objective assessment of HRQOL in children with SMA and their parents, including translation and adaptation of the questionnaire according to international standards, evaluation of its psychometric properties (reliability, validity, sensitivity to changes), and comparison of results with the original English version. Materials and methods. The study included 25 patients with verified SMA diagnosis (types I–III) aged 2–18 years and their parents. Adaptation was conducted in several stages: forward and backward translation, expert evaluation, cognitive interviewing, and final formulation adjustment. Psychometric properties were evaluated before and after nusinersen therapy using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, ICC, and factor analysis. Results. High reliability of the Russian version was identified: Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.92–0.96 for the child version and 0.93–0.95 for the parent version. Test reproducibility was confirmed by high ICC (0.85–0.92). Factor analysis confirmed the three-factor structure of the questionnaire corresponding to the original, explaining 43.2, 12.1 and 8.7% of variance respectively. Significant improvement in quality of life was noted after nusinersen therapy, particularly in physical well-being of SMA type I patients (+15.4%). Social indicators in adolescents aged 13–18 remained lower than in younger children, related to age-related psychosocial difficulties. Conclusion. The Russian version of PedsQL™ 3.0 Neuromuscular Module successfully passed validation and demonstrates high psychometric characteristics comparable to the original. The instrument is sensitive to clinical changes and can be used for monitoring quality of life in children with SMA in Russian practice. Study results allow recommending the questionnaire for therapy effectiveness assessment, identification of problem areas, and planning supportive measures. Future work prospects include validation on larger samples and adaptation of the methodology for adult patients.

This article describes how a board game bearing the same title as Eric Berne’s bestseller “Games People Play” was created. The interviewees of the Editor-in-chief of the “Transactional Analysis in Russia” journal share their stories and memories about how and where the rare original English version of the board game was found, and recount the difficulties encountered when transporting the game from the United States to Russia. The author and her interviewees reflect on whether Eric Berne created the game himself or whether he edited and consulted a team of professional game designers. The article highlights the differences between the original game and the Russian version, as well as the challenges faced when translating materials from English into Russian. The article also explains the principles of group work for the host and the knowledge required to host the game. The journal’s interviewees expressed their opinion that to create such a game, its author must be a genuinely free person, with a strong Free Child, a structuring Adult, and a solid, healthy Nurturing Parent in his ego-state profile. The very fact of discovering such a board game, published in the same year as Berne’s legendary book, indicates that the founder of Transactional analysis was a large-scale, multilateral, and brilliant personality, the one who allowed his contemporaries to experiment with TA theory and enabled the method to be not only structural but alive as well.

Introduction. Post-stroke anxiety, depression, and pain are relevant to medical practice, since they represent a significant obstacle to the effective rehabilitation of patients. Information related to post-stroke anxiety and depression is analyzed in the literature, data on the level of central sensitization (CS) which also indicates the presence of comorbid disorders are insufficient. Furthermore, such studies have not been conducted in samples of native speakers of various languages of the Russian Federation until recently due to the lack of diagnostic tools in these languages. Aim. To compare the levels of СS, anxiety, and depression in patients after ischemic stroke in the early recovery period, using the same instrument in different languages in comparable samples. Materials and methods. The authors analyzed the level of CS, anxiety, and depression in 4 groups. Study groups: 1) Russian-speaking patients who had suffered ischemic stroke (30 people, early recovery period); 2) Tatar-speaking patients who had suffered ischemic stroke (30 people, early recovery period). Comparison groups: 1) Russian-speaking informants without neurological deficit (30 people); 2) Tatar-speaking informants without neurological deficit (30 people). The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI, Russian and Tatar versions) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, Russian and Tatar versions) were used to assess the level of CSI, depression, and anxiety. Results. Analysis of CSI data revealed statistically significant differences between the study and comparison groups in the subclinical CS parameter. Among stroke patients, the subclinical variant of CS is less common than in healthy controls; clinically significant variants predominate. Statistically significant differences were found in HADS anxiety subscale and HADS depression subscale for both the Russian-speaking and Tatar-speaking study and comparison groups. Conclusion. The data were obtained in samples of native speakers of different languages; the results are comparable, which confirms the universality of the diagnostic scales CSI and HADS for use in the diagnosis of anxiety, depression and CS in post-stroke patients.

On September 30, Christians commemorate the holy martyrs Vera, Nadezhda, Lyubov’, and their mother, Sofiya. Sofiya (Σοφία) named her daughters in accordance with the three Christian virtues: Πίστις, ᾿Ελπίς, ᾿Αγάπη. This article discusses the history of these names in their Greek, Latin, Church Slavonic, and Russian versions.

This article investigates a literary text as a means of conveying national and cultural information and analyzes the peculiarities of its translation. The significance of cultural components in literary works is emphasized, and methodological approaches to their translation are presented. The purpose of the study is to consider a literary text as a source of cultural information and to identify the challenges involved in transmitting its semantic and stylistic features in Russian and English translations. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: semantic-stylistic analysis to compare lexical and stylistic features of the original and translations; comparative analysis to assess equivalence in Russian and English versions; and content analysis to identify retained or lost cultural elements. The research object was the novels of Kazakh writers: A. Nurpeisov’s “Ymyrt” (Twilight), “Sergelden” (Ordeal), S. Elubay’s “Aq boz ui” (The Lonely Yurt), and M. Zhumabaev’s “Sholpannyn kunasi” (Sin of Sholpan), as well as their translations into Russian and English. The findings indicate a considerable degree of loss and transformation of cultural elements in translation, especially in English versions mediated through Russian. Literal translation often fails to capture the emotional and symbolic nuances of the original, while the methods of adaptation show greater success in preserving cultural meaning.The theoretical significance of the article lies in its contribution to the development of translation studies and intercultural communication, providing a foundation for further exploration of issues in literary translation. The practical significance lies in the possibility of applying the results in the professional activities of translators when addressing tasks related to conveying cultural features in the process of translating literary works.

The article examines the potential of automated lexico-semantic analysis of literary texts and their translations using the NLTK library in the Python programming language. Programming languages significantly accelerate linguistic research and enable systematic, structured organization of collected data. The study focuses on the 19th-century American author William Gilmore Simms’ story “Grayling: or, ‘Murder Will Out’,” and its Russian translation by M.L. Pavlycheva. Particular attention is paid to identifying differences in lexical structure, word and bigram frequency, part-of-speech distribution, and lexical diversity. The research aims to detect translation transformations that affect the semantic and stylistic organization of the text and to evaluate the capabilities of automated analysis in comparing the original and its translation. The study employs Natural Language Processing (NLP) methods using the NLTK library within the Python environment, including text normalization, part-of-speech tagging, frequency analysis, bigram modeling, and calculation of the lexical diversity index. The findings demonstrate that automated lexico-semantic analysis enables objective identification of key differences between the original and its translation: the Russian version exhibits higher lexical diversity, attributable to the inflectional nature of the language and the active use of translation transformations; the frequency of cohesive elements increases; and thematically marked bigrams are replaced by more neutral constructions. Furthermore, significant limitations of standard NLP tools in processing Russian-language texts are revealed, underscoring the need to adapt computational methods to the specific features of the Russian language. The study confirms the need for an integrated approach in the analysis of the original and translation of a literary text, combining computational methods and linguistic interpretation. Future research directions include the application of advanced morphological analyzers, expansion of the text corpus, and integration of machine learning techniques for in-depth comparative analysis of original literary texts and their translations.