The article is devoted to one of the original and at the same time typical thinkers of the Russian Enlightenment of the 18th century, Yakov Pavlovich Kozelsky. His life reflects the era of changes in the scientific and philosophical orientations of Russian philosophers, as well as in the formation of new features of Russian statehood. His writings introduce readers to European philosophy, which he was well-versed in, but he was not a mere copyist; he thought through and filtered all ideas through his own original vision. The article focuses on the significance of law in the philosophical system of Ya. P. Kozelsky, examines all aspects of his philosophical and legal ideas, and reveals the understanding of the interplay between legal and anthropological views.

The article provides a historical retrospective of the development of civilization and its connection to technological innovations in human life. It was the progressive movement from one technological cycle to another, characterized by the development of production relations based on qualitative changes in the tools of labor, that led the humanity to a situation that is today characterized as urbanization. Analyzing modern events, the author concludes that humanity is entering a new technological cycle that will cause global changes not only in the economy, but also in matters of public safety. At the same time, the author draws attention to the vulnerability of the population in large cities to military threats and dangers associated with hybrid forms of confrontation. In this regard, there is a need for de-urbanization and resettlement of the population across territories, which in the conditions of Russia is not only necessary, but also possible.

Pragmatic presupposition is information that is not explicitly stated in a sentence or informational text but is assumed to be known in advance by the participants of the communication. The correct interpretation of presuppositional meaning depends on the reader's overall level of knowledge and the context. If there is a shared body of knowledge between the reader and the author, the pragmatic presupposition is understood correctly in communication. The Russian linguists states that "the effectiveness of speech influence conveyed through the headline depends on the compatibility of the author’s and the reader’s worldviews as well as semantic-pragmatic presuppositions." A linguist studies the use of stylistic units in newspaper headlines, and his analysis shows that allusion and metaphor are the main tools that create pragmatic presupposition.

This article presents an overview of the presentations from the participants of the roundtable discussion Personal Archives in the Library Collections: Problems of Studying held in Minsk on March 18, 2026, and jointly organized by the Yakub Kolas Central Scientific Library of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus and the Russian State Library. The central theme of this event was the of preservation and use archival documents in library collections. Using concrete examples the speakers demonstrated the significant potential of libraries as popularizers of scientific heritage in very different spheres and branches of science including history, bibliography and bibliology.

Three Soviet national accounting matrices for 1955–1962 were constructed from the yearbooks of the national economic balances stored in the Russian State Archive of the Economy (Rossiiskii gosudarstvennyi arkhiv ekonomiki, hereafter RGAE). They showed a shift from state budget financing to bank loan financing and revealed a difficult economic situation in which relative decreases in wages and consumption offset relative decreases in state budget revenue. This situation may have led to the economic reform in 1965. An analysis of national economic balance yearbooks issued after 1962 should shed new light on the cause of the Soviet economic collapse.

The article presents the results of a study on the problems of perception of the spiritual and moral foundations of the Russian state as a determining factor in the development and cohesion of the people based on traditional values. The importance of Russia's traditional universal values for its development as a state and society, especially in modern conditions, is emphasized.

The subject of the study is the methods of Catherine II's influence on the reader, expressed through the prism of authorial strategies and tactics. Authorial strategy is understood as the author's focus on the addressees, while authorial tactic is viewed as a way to address this focus through a specific idea. This allows for the identification of the multifaceted and multivectoral rhetorical realizations of the author. The relevance of the topic under consideration is linked to the need to examine the process of the emergence of authorship as a distinct institution that required theatrical representation in the XVIII century. The play based on historical sources "The Initial Rule of Oleg" serves as a vivid example of the realization of authorial strategies and tactics by the Russian Empress in literary creativity, being central to demonstrating to the subjects important ideological tasks and state objectives articulated by Catherine II during a complex period of her reign. The article employs methods such as comparative-historical, cultural-historical, and holistic analysis of the artistic work. The theoretical foundation of the research is based on the works of Yu. V. Stennik, T. I. Akimova, S. Ivanov, M. Mayofis, Yu. S. Semyonova, G. N. Moiseeva, and others. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the fact that it presents the "historical representation" of Catherine II's "The Initial Rule of Oleg" from the perspective of analyzing authorial strategies and tactics for the first time. The study identified three authorial strategies: the strategy of elevating the prestige of the Russian state; the strategy of affirming the enlightened ruler; and the strategy of legitimizing power. Each authorial strategy is realized through several authorial tactics as specific means of literary influence on the reader in constructing the imagery system of the work and its ideological context. Thus, the play "The Initial Rule of Oleg" acts as a peculiar translator of the ideas of the sovereign empress, combining a chronicle plot about the campaigns of the ancient Russian prince with concepts of power relevant to her era in the context of Enlightenment discourse.

The article analyses the functions and meanings acquired by the Russian national costume within the ritualised space of contemporary Russian state holidays. The author considers this process as a deliberate element of state cultural policy aimed at consolidating society and providing a visual representation of symbols that unify the nation. The empirical basis of the study is a narrative analysis of posts from the official website of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation over a five-year period.The main findings of the work point to a consistent trend of the purposeful incorporation of folk costume, especially during holidays of historical and political significance (Russia Day, National Unity Day, Victory Day). The costume plays a dual role: on the one hand, it serves as a demarcating sign of cultural distinctiveness and “spiritual bonds,” and on the other, it acts as an integrating element visualising the unity of a multinational people. The author identifies key forms of the costume’s utilisation (flash mobs, theatricalperformances, immersive installations) and differentiates its roles (key/background, focused/participatory).The article argues that within the context of a state holiday, the Russian national costume undergoes decontextualisation and stylisation, transforming into a “simulacrum of tradition” - a universal visual code transmitting official values (patriotism, sovereignty, continuity). Despite the risks of losing authenticity, this process is assessed as natural and functionally justified from the perspective of the tasks of symbolic politics and the construction of collective identity. Thus, the costume emerges not merely as a decorative element, but as a complex semiotic resource in the dialogue about contemporary “Russianness.”

This paper examines the historical stages of the development of the Russian prosecutor's office in its inextricable connection with the strengthening of Russian statehood and the need to ensure law and order. Considerable attention is devoted to the analysis of the 1991 Concept of Judicial Reform, determining its role in the subsequent development of the prosecutor's office and its impact on the constitutional provisions regulating the status of this institution. An analysis of changes in the constitutional and legal status of the prosecutor's office, resulting from amendments to the Basic Law adopted in 2014 and 2020, is provided. The place of the prosecutor's office in the state's legal system is separately considered through the prism of national identity. The article characterizes the main trends and identifies a number of problems associated with the legislative consolidation of the status of the prosecutor's office. Specifically, the article analyzes certain amendments to the Federal Law that require prosecutors to issue written decisions regarding inspections and expand their scope. The author believes that these amendments are at odds with the constitutional nature of prosecutorial oversight and the provisions of the relevant law, effectively blurring the distinction between the prosecutor's oversight activities and the oversight activities carried out by executive authorities. Particular emphasis is placed on examining the current version of Article 1 of the Federal Law "On the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation," which removed the provision granting the prosecutor the right to act on behalf of the Russian Federation. The possible motives and likely consequences of this legislative move are examined, and its inconsistency with procedural law (in particular, with provisions defining the role and powers of the prosecutor in criminal and civil proceedings) is identified.

This article explores the experience of project activities within the framework of the federal program "Service-Learning". The authors view the program as a key element of a consistent state policy to preserve and strengthen traditional Russian spiritual and moral values, harmoniously integrated with initiatives such as "Conversations about the Important" and the "Fundamentals of Russian Statehood" course. The implementation of these mechanisms instills in the younger generation a stable value-meaning framework, a sense of citizenship, and responsibility for the fate of the country, ensuring the continuity of generations and the sovereignty of the state. The paper reveals how combining academic learning with social design contributes to the development of civic engagement in students. The "teacher-student-pupil-teacher" model allows for the creation of a unified educational space that combines the experience of the older generation, the energy of students, and the curiosity of schoolchildren.

Introduction . In the context of the rapid digitalization of society, social scoring and social rating are becoming key tools of algorithmic surveillance, radically changing the interaction between individuals, the state, and digital systems. While social ratings were initially created as a system for incentivizing socially approved behavior (an example is the Chinese model of 2014), social scoring expands this practice, becoming a universal tool for assessing individuals based on their digital footprint. From a philosophical and anthropological perspective, these processes require a rethinking of human subjectivity: the boundaries of freedom, identity, and autonomy in the context of digital control. Michel Foucault's concept of biopower and Gilles Deleuze's ideas of the "society of control" allow us to consider social scoring as a manifestation of a new form of power, operating through a person's internal agreement with algorithmically determined norms. Methodology and sources . The study is based on hermeneutic and critical-analytical approaches, as well as methods of philosophical interpretation of the concepts of digital subjectivity and algorithmic governance. The works of M. Foucault, G. Deleuze and B. Stiegler are used, as well as contemporary studies of digital culture (M.T. Sablin, Yu. Tsvetkov, A.A. Lazarov). The empirical basis is provided by social scoring practices in China, the United States, and Russia, including the domestic experimental social rating platform “We", developed by the Russian State Social University as a test model for assessing citizens' social status. Results and discussion . Social scoring creates a new type of subject, whose identity is constructed based on digital data and predictive analytics algorithms. A phenomenon of digital conformism is emerging: people base their behavior on algorithmic expectations, striving to maintain a high rating, while, the boundary between moral choice and calculated utility disappears. The lack of transparency in algorithms increases the risks of discrimination and inequality. Russian practice demonstrates a trend toward expanding digital control under the guise of ensuring security, raising ethical questions about the permissible limits of state surveillance. Conclusion . Social scoring and social ratings represent a manifestation of a new paradigm of digital power, within which the subject loses autonomy and becomes the object of algorithmic assessment. They influence these relationships, transforming social trust into a manageable digital resource, and subjectivity into a product of computable rationality. Preserving the human dimension of digital society requires a philosophical and normative framework aimed at protecting dignity, freedom, and the right to anonymity. The humanization of technology and the transparency of algorithms are becoming crucial conditions for preserving the autonomous individual in the era of digital control.

This article examines how the institution of private property was reflected in the Russkaya Pravda (Russian Truth) and the Alamannic Pravda (Alamannic Truth). Based on a comparative historical analysis of the social structure of Russia and Alamannia in the early Middle Ages, its dependence on the attitudes of population groups toward private property is traced. Aspects of the development of private property as a social institution are examined from the perspective of the triad “possession, use, and disposal”. A study of private property in agriculture explores its connection with the level of development and the influence of the state. The similarities and differences in the structure of private property in Russia and Alamannia, as reflected in the early codes of these two countries, are identified. It is concluded that the social structure of economic participants in the Rus-sian state was more complex than that of the Alamannic state.

Introduction. The relevance of family volunteering is due to many reasons: the social importance of promoting family values, strengthening the institution of the family, and fostering social activity among various citizens. Family volunteering is not widespread in Russian social practice. Family volunteering is occasionally associated with social and environmental volunteering. The study focuses on analyzing the experience of family volunteering among students. As a result, project ideas have been developed to promote family volunteering at the university. The purpose of the study is to identify family volunteering practices among students and determine the prospects for family volunteering in working with students. A theoretical analysis of the literature showed that family volunteering is presented in domestic publications in fragments. No fundamental studies of family volunteering have been identified. The study used a combination of traditional methods (questionnaires, interviews) and social design. Results. It was concluded that volunteers are not sufficiently aware of family volunteering. However, they have an interest in family volunteering. Interviews with students who have participated in family volunteering have highlighted the significant role of parents in encouraging children to engage in volunteering. Family volunteering is often associated with environmental and social volunteering. The informants have a positive attitude towards family volunteering and express a desire to continue it in their own families. Conclusion. Project ideas were developed during the course «Fundamentals of Russian Statehood». They can be taken into account in the organization of extracurricular activities and in the university volunteer movement. This will allow us to solve social and educational problems.

Introduction. This article analyzes the informative potential of parish registers in the context of the Romanov imperial family from the last third of the XVIII to the early XX century. The main problem in this area of research is the insufficient development of sources, largely due to the erroneous belief that the topic is exhaustive. Using a comparative method, the author notes the informative differentiation of parish registers by the social status of different branches of the family: members of the dynasty and individuals descended from morganatic marriages or extramarital unions. Results. For each of these categories, the author identified key parish registers from the archives of Moscow and St. Petersburg. The article devotes special attention to the handwritten ‘‘Metric Book of Members of the Russian Imperial Family’’, housed in the Russian State Historical Archive. It represents a little-known, unique, and unparalleled source on the genealogy and biographies of dynastic branches and is characterized by both the informativeness and the reliability of its information. The article highlights the specific features of the excerpts from the registers, as well as their relationship to statistical records published abroad. It is noted that, despite their exceptional information content, the registers are not without their own shortcomings. These include, first and foremost, gaps that hinder a full reconstruction of the history of specific branches. The author concludes that the registers allow not only to construct a chain of family ties but also to reconstruct specific aspects of the family’s history unavailable from other sources, as well as to form a picture of the dynastic, morganatic, and illegitimate branches of the Romanovs as a single lineage.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) remains one of the most studied inherited multisystem diseases, in which Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein dysfunction leads to progressive respiratory failure, exocrine and endocrine pancreatic insufficiency, and other organs involvement. Over the past decades, approaches to CF diagnosis and treatment have changed significantly due to the neonatal screening introduction, the development of molecular genetic diagnostic methods, and, especially, the advent of targeted therapy – CFTR modulators. Updated clinical guidelines for cystic fibrosis were published in 2025, reflecting not only current scientific data but also Russian clinical experience with the use of CFTR modulators registered in Russia, including the most effective combination of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor + ivacaftor. This updated document aims to clarify diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the new conditions for the provision of medical care for patients with CF and carriers of pathogenic CFTR gene variants. The aim is to review the key new additions to the 2025 clinical guidelines (CG) and discuss their practical implications for physicians involved in the care of patients with CF. Methods. Eighty experts from various specialties worked on the new guidelines using 520 literary sources. Results. The updated 2025 cystic fibrosis clinical guidelines contain updated sections on molecular genetic and microbiological testing, pulmonary mycobacteriosis treatment, and new antimicrobial agents for treatment of respiratory tract infections. The features of CFTR modulator therapy (elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor + ivacaftor), off-label drug administration, and post-organ transplantation are described for the first time. Special attention is given to subsections devoted to changes in CF basic therapy during treatment with CFTR modulators, adverse reactions, heterozygous carriers of a pathogenic CFTR variant, and the spectrum of CFTR-related diseases, the course of pregnancy during treatment with CFTR modulators, and monitoring newborns of mothers receiving this therapy. Conclusion. This updated version of the clinical guidelines incorporates current information and will improve the diagnosis and treatment of cystic fibrosis and standardize the care of pathogenic CFTR gene variants carriers and individuals with CFTR-associated conditions in Russia.

The article examines the lower level of the Russian public administration in the Eastern Siberia of the 17th century. This level was presented by the chiefs of the special tribute (the so-called «yasak») bases on Arctic rivers such as Yana, Indigirka, Alazeya and Kolyma. These bases were strong holds of the Russian state, and they collected fur tribute (yasak) from the local population – Yukaghirs and Evens, as well as control over Russian trappers and merchants. In the article are analyzed the special terms for these chiefs, preserved in authentic sources. Based on a number of Yakutsk Acts Foundation from the Scientific and Historical Archive of the Saint-Petersburg Institute of History Russian Academy of Sciences, it is concluded that the confusion of the terms «prikazchik» and «prikaznoy» common in the scientific literature is not entirely correct, at least for the middle of the century. A number of this document sources have never been introduced in to scientific circulation before.

A study has been conducted on the issues of imposing correctional or forced labor for crimes committed before January 20, 2026. The study is based on a comparison of the provisions of criminal and penal legislation in the previous and new editions, current court practice materials, and the results of a survey of district court judges who have undergone advanced training at the Russian State University named after V. M. Lebedev. In the course of the study, the authors come to conclusions about the cases in which the new law establishing that forced labor is imposed as an independent type of basic punishment, and correctional labor is imposed only on individuals whose main place of work is retroactive, and the cases in which it is not.

Abstract To explain why Vladimir Putin launched Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, this article foregrounds a crucial but understudied dimension: national memory. It argues that both discontinuity in national memory and dislocation between national memory and territory threaten states’ ontological security. The Soviet collapse marked a profound break in Russia’s national memory. To restore the ontological security thus shattered, Russia’s ruling elite adopted a narrative of radical continuity of Russian statehood, linking Kievan Rus, the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Romanov Empire, the Soviet Union, and the Russian Federation into an unbroken thousand-year tradition. Yet by placing its origins in independent Ukraine, this narrative was inherently precarious. While mending the discontinuity in national memory, it produced a dislocation between memory and territory, rendering Russia ontologically vulnerable. By asserting their own claim to Kyiv as the birthplace of Ukrainian nation- and statehood, Ukraine’s ruling elite exposed this dislocation and laid bare both the precarity of the radical continuity narrative and Russia’s resulting ontological vulnerability. The Kremlin’s response was to seek political – and, when that failed, military – control over Ukraine to redress this dislocation and eliminate the sources of ontological vulnerability that flowed from the radical continuity narrative.

At the dawn of the 20th century, in the period preceding large-scale global conflicts, the net of military agents, despite its relative obscurity, played a decisive role in shaping the foreign policy strategy of the Russian Empire. The study of this historical stratum becomes particu larly relevant for forming an objective understanding of the complex dynamics of Russian-Western and Russian-American relations, as well as the mechanisms of foreign policy implementation both in retrospect and in the modern context. This article analyzes the reports of the Russian military agent in Washington, lieutenant colonel V.N. Shebeko, based on a number of previously unpublished documents from the collections of the Russian State Military Historical Archive. The focus is on the information about the involvement of the U.S. armed forces in the suppression of the Yihetuan Movementin the summer of 1900. In his reports, V.N. Shebeko describes in detail the history of the preparation and circumstances of this military expedition, provides quantitative data on the American contingent involved, and analyzes key combat episodes and their results. The author concludes that the analysis of V.N. Shebeko’s reports indicates the significant role of the United States and its armed forces in suppressing the Boxer Rebellion. America’s involvement in this conflict was not only an illustrative example of a departure from the traditional policy of isolationism in international affairs, but also served as a catalyst for further changes in the country’s defense policy due to the need to comply with its new status as a world power. At the same time, V.N. Shebeko’s activity as a military agent in Washington is an illustrative example of the high professionalism of Russian military intelligence at the beginning of the 20th century.

The digital transformation of the economy and rising labor demands have increased the relevance of psychosocial risk management. The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ) is a widely used international tool for assessing these risks. This study aimed to validate the Russian version of COPSOQ III (COPSOQ-RU) to ensure its reliability and applicability for assessing psychosocial risks in Russian workplaces. The questionnaire was translated, culturally adapted, and piloted with 290 participants. The main survey included 1,075 valid responses. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha (all dimensions > 0.60). Construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA), which identified 22 factors explaining 65.9% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) demonstrated excellent model fit (CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.049, SRMR = 0.056). Most dimensions demonstrated satisfactory reliability and exhibited valid factor structures. However, certain items required revision. Strong correlations were identified between psychosocial risk dimensions and outcomes such as burnout and job satisfaction. The COPSOQ-RU was shown to be a valid and reliable tool for assessing psychosocial risks in Russian workplaces. Its implementation can support evidence-based occupational health interventions and contribute to improving employee well-being and working conditions in Russia.