Russian Periodicals Research Articles

Północna grupa gwar białoruskich jako przykład związków z sąsiednimi grupami etnicznymi i językami

The article discusses the Northern subdialect group of the Northeastern Belarusian dialect, which is one of the least studied in terms of its structure and genesis. It is characterized primarily by a number of lexical and lexical-semantic features, typical not only for this area of Belarus, but linking it with Russian dialects and dialects of the Baltic languages. These features were formed in various historical periods: the oldest (from before the writing system appeared) include, among others, the so-called cokan'e and the preservation of the suffix -dl- forming the names of farm tools; the syncretism of noun endings probably dates back to to the general Russian period, while the pronouns íchny, jéjny and the verb forms jadzióm and dadzióm are newer innovations from the period of the formation of Belarusian dialects.

<i>The Moscow Observer </i>journal, S. S. Uvarov and Moscow censorship: to the history of struggle in the Russian periodicals of the 1830s

<i>The Moscow Observer </i>journal, S. S. Uvarov and Moscow censorship: to the history of struggle in the Russian periodicals of the 1830s

The Russian period of the life of Professor Aleksander Kossowski

The Russian period of the life of Professor Aleksander Kossowski

Development of the adventure genre in Ukrainian cinema in the second half of the twenties of the twentieth century

Our research is based on a wide range of little-known publications in the Ukrainian and Russian periodicals 1922–1930. In this article we analyze the development of the adventure genre in Ukrainian cinema in the second half of the twenties of the twentieth century. Winners define history. The making of adventure films about the Civil War (Soviet-Ukrainian war (1917–1921)) in Ukraine by specialists of the All-Ukrainian Cinema and Photo Administration was associated with the persistent attempts of the Soviet government to rewrite the real history of the struggle of the Ukrainian people for the desired independence and their own statehood in 1917–1921 into a falsified "film history". However, these films were made mainly according to the simplified scheme of the popular at that time "kinoagitka" (propaganda films), where there were schematic "white", "red", "green", Makhnovists, white rear, red underground, struggle and victory.

РУССКАЯ И РУССКОЯЗЫЧНАЯ ЖУРНАЛИСТИКА В ВОСПРИЯТИИ АРМЯНСКОЙ ПРЕССЫ ТИФЛИСА (1865–1918 гг.)

The article analyzes journalistic criticism in Armenian periodicals. Examining the large textual material of the informational analytical genre, the author reveals a generalized image of the Russian press. According to Armenian opinion journalists, representatives of the press and literature were the “stepchildren” of the Russian Empire, since publishing was on an unequal basis with other types of entrepreneurship. According to the Armenian periodicals, the only characteristic inherent in all periodicals published in the empire was defining the “non-native”. In other cases, a differentiated approach to journalistic activity was observed, which was the result of the program policy of the newspaper’s editorial board, ideological orientation, economic benefits, and interpersonal relations. Speaking about the work style of the capital city’s press, Armenian journalists emphasized the regularity of its superiority and dominant position, andpointed to the hierarchical subordination of the non-Russian press. The onesidedness and verticality of the information flow were criticized. These were thought to be due to the indifference of the metropolitan press to the newspaper and literary activities of other peoples. Armenian journalists noted that Russian writers generally stood above selfish intentions and loyalty to the party, wanting only the freedom of speech and pen, while Russian journalism was characterized by stereotypical thinking (in particular, in relation to other nations), commercialization, and – in some cases – mercantile interest. Expanding their activities in the same cultural space, formed when comparing the cultures of different nations, journalists of Tiflis often opposed each other taking into account these cultural characteristics. According to Armenian journalists, periodicals published by Russians, Armenians, Georgians and representatives of other nationalities, just like representatives of these periodicals, were alienated from the local society and marginalized. The Russian-language periodicals mostly ignored the “natives” and rarely addressed their problems. Moving away from the national essence, Armenians publishing Russian-language newspapers, involuntarily, or on the basis of personal motives, harmed the national publishing business and, with their actions, hindered the development of Armenian culture. In the perception of Armenian journalists, part of the Russian periodicals published in the two capitals and in Tiflis adhered to a stricter colonial policy, which often acquired a xenophobic character. Recognizing that the Russian conservative press was more established and, unlike the liberal press, developed according to a clear ideological program, Armenian journalists considered the representatives of this trend to be the defenders of regression, not of national identity. The alienation of some Russian and Russian-language publications was especially evident during periods of interethnic clashes and socio-political tension. Since national regions were governed situationally, often unevenly, the press, as an echo of this style of action, further aggravated the chasm between the peoples inhabiting the Caucasus Viceroyalty and contributed to the deterioration of relations between the Russian and national peoples, and extremist calls were reflected in Armenian periodicals.

Organizational and economic processes of Ukrainian film production in the 1920’s

The article examines the formation of the material and technical base of Ukrainian film production based on the wide range of little-known publications in the Ukrainian and Russian periodicals of the 1922-1930s. The influence of the technical equipment of film factories on the quality indicator of film production in the 1920s is analyzed. The All-Ukrainian Photo and Film Administration did not receive the necessary state funding for the development of film production and had to independently seek the possibility of such funding. Initially, the main investments were directed to the development of the Odessa and partly Yalta film factories. In the second half of the 1920s, it was decided to build the largest cinema factory in the USSR in Kyiv, and therefore all funds were directed to this construction. However, after the transition to the production of sound films, the Kyiv Film Factory turned out to be completely unadapted to such processes. The article also discusses the negative consequences associated with the uneven distribution of funding for the development of three film factories.

The Practice of Decorative and Applied Arts in Russia at the Turn of the Nineteenth and the Twentieth Centuries (as Seen in the Pages of Russian Periodicals)

The Practice of Decorative and Applied Arts in Russia at the Turn of the Nineteenth and the Twentieth Centuries (as Seen in the Pages of Russian Periodicals)

Reviews of Russian periodicals in “The Journal of the Ministry of National Education”: Evaluative adjectives in an official government publication

By the 1830s, the role of literature and journalism in shaping public opinion and promoting state ideology was growing in Russia. One of the first attempts of the government to take control of this process was the decision to publish The Journal of the Ministry of Education, with a mandatory review of domestic periodicals. The most important communicative purpose of the review of texts was to familiarize readers with the most important and well-meaning publications of Russian-language periodicals from the point of view of editorial reviewers. The inherent evaluative component of these texts is obvious, for the purpose of which all possible linguistic means allowed within the official publication were used, a significant role among which was assigned to evaluative adjectives and attributive collocations as the most capacious and concise characteristics of the described object. The objects of macro-evaluation through adjectives were peer-reviewed articles, their authors and periodicals on the whole; relevance, quality, educational value, accuracy and usefulness of the publications, their compliance with the official views, the author’s style, some individual facts of their content, etc. were subjectto adjectival micro-evaluation. In the journal’s reviews of Russian periodicals, there are approximately100 different-typed evaluative adjectives, including both adjectives of general evaluation (otlichnyi, otmennyi, prevoskhodnyi, khoroshii, etc.) and of a partial one. The mostcommonly used of all evaluative adjectives throughout the existence of reviews were the adjectives liubopytnyi ‘having cognitive value’ and zamechatel’nyi ‘worthy of attention’, which cover almost all sections in the reviews. By the 1860s, the style of writing media-reviews in the journal became well established. During this time, individual author’s words and attributive collocations almost go out of use and rows of homogeneous attributes become rare. Additionally, the range of evaluative adjectives involved is narrowed and impoverished, and they themselves get an exclusively neutral stylistic colour, which is specific to the official publication.

Геомагнітні дослідження Пліснеського археологічного комплексу у 2018–2019 роках: результати та перспективи

During 2018–2019 in the historical and cultural reserve «Ancient Plisnesk» on the territory of the site of archeology of national significance «Ancient settlement of the chronicle city of Plisnesk of the III–XIII centuries» for the first time, the experimental methodological magnetometry observations were conducted to study the possibilities of the magnetic surveys in studies of archaeological objects of this site. The paper analyzes the results of areal magnetometric survey using proton magnetometers with an observation grid of 0,5×1 m with a total area of 0,252 ha in two sections – in the western part of tract «Vysoke Gorodysko» and in the southeastern part of tract «Zamchysko». On the basis of the received magnetometric data graphs of magnetic field and plans of isolines with different detailing are constructed. In the anomalous picture of the residual magnetic field, alternating magnetic anomalies with an intensity of several tens of nT have been identified, which are confined to structures and production facilities, which is confirmed by the results of archaeological excavations. The spatial features of the anomalous magnetic field revealed a number of negative linear anomalies that mark the locations of ancient archaeological excavations. In order to research and establish the specifics of the planning structure of the settlements of the Slavic and Old Russian periods, the old archaeological excavations revealed on the territory of the Plisnesk archaeological complex, it is extremely necessary to expand the territory of magnetometric survey to a large area. Highlighted anomalous search criteria for archaeological objects in a magnetic field indicate the high efficiency of magnetometry and the expediency of its use in the future for identifying and outlining ground or buried structures of residential, economic, industrial and even fortifications of a wide chronological range before archaeological excavations in the territory of the Plisnesk archaeological complex and similar sites of the Slavic and Old Russian periods. Key words: archaeological complex, magnetic survey, magnetic field, local anomalies.

FOREIGN POLICY OF BULGARIA IN 1908–1915 IN THE EVALUATION OF RUSSIAN JOURNALISM

The article covers the coverage of Russian magazines of foreign policy of Bulgaria in 1908–1915. Popular, large-circulation publications were the most prominent representatives of various ideological directions, influenced the atmosphere, and the perception by Russian society of various foreign events, international relations and the foreign policy of individual states. The article includes materials of “Vestnik Evropy”, “Russkoye bogatstvo”, “Russkaya mysl” and “Sovremennyy mir”. One of the purposes of the article is the reconstruction of the historical atmosphere of the time and the relation of the leading Russian periodicals to current events. The main directions of the policy of the Bulgarian kingdom in 1908-1915 were determined. Also, the great states of the beginning of the 20th century - German, Austro-Hungarian, Russian and Ottoman Empires, the French Republic, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The pages of Russian magazines reflected the relations between the great powers and the Balkan countries. The article analyzes the subject and content of the articles, the attitude of journalist analysts to international events and conflicts. The main attention is paid to displaying on the pages of Russian periodicals growing political tensions on the Balkan Peninsula. All without exception, analysts of the magazine noted an increase in the number of contradictions in the foreign policy of Bulgaria. Summarizing the analysis of Russian publications, it can be noted that their tone about the events of 1908–1915 is not very, but nevertheless, differed. Generally, in all journalists without exception, what they saw in the future was optimistic. Inevitable premonition of a quick war, fundamental inconsistency, inconsistency of events, excessive social tensions is the mental atmosphere in which contemporaries lived.

Поселенческие комплексы среднего дзё:мона региона Тохоку: общие черты, локальные особенности и основные термины

Over the past decade, the data on the archaeological cultures of the Japanese archipelago, from the Paleolithic to the Kofun period, have been actively introduced into the Russian archaeology. These materials concern various aspects of the subsistence life of local tribal formations. This study discusses features of the internal structure of the Middle Jōmon settlements from the Tohoku region. The article presents the data from archaeological reports of the most significant sites of this period. Some materials about Middle Jōmon sites (such as Sannai Maruyama, Goshono) were previously published in Russian periodicals, however, the overwhelming majority of data have been presented for the first time. The main attention is paid to the description of the site location, the characteristics of pit-dwellings and raised-floor buildings, household and ritual objects, their location relative to each other, with a short mention of the discovered artifacts. The article was based on materials of the author’s PhD dissertation research “The Middle Jōmon period of Honshu island (5–4 thousand years ago): general characteristics and local features” [Ivanova, 2018].

The First and the Second Regency excavations in Tobolsk

This publication continues a series of articles which introduce into scientific discourse the results of archaeo-logical research into the cultural layer of Tobolsk — the main city of Siberia during the Russian colonization pe-riod. The First and Second Regency excavations were laid on the spit of the Troitsky Cape, on the territory of the Tobolsk Kremlin, in the utility building construction zone of the Tobolsk-Tyumen diocese. Based on the historical and archival data, the identified stratigraphic columns should demonstrate the peculiarities of the formation of cultural strata in different periods of development of the city since its foundation, but unfortunately, as shown by the excavations, the early layers were severely damaged across a large area as a result of constant active recon-structions of the Kremlin. The earliest of the studied objects are the remains of a defensive line that ran along the edge of the cape in the 17th c., protecting the city from attacks. As a result, the structure of the wooden fortifica-tions of the city have been identified, which represented a high log fence, with an adjacent platform — fighting gallery — on the inner side. The presence of such structure suggests that the defensive wall carried loopholes for cannons and culverins, significantly expanding the firing potential. The nature, location and construction of this defensive line is similar to the one we found in the Chukman excavation site, on the nearby cape of Chukman. The ancient objects of the First and the Second Regency excavations include eight structures that have not been fully explored. One of them contained a rare archaeological find — the remains of a tiled stove, faced with terra-cotta, glazed, polychrome relief and painted tiles. Another building preserved in a form of a brick foundation, during the clearing of which, for the first time in Tobolsk, fragments of porcelain ware from Gardner factory were found, which was considered to be the best in Russia in the 19th century. In general, the obtained materials open new opportunities for studying the early stages of the history and culture of the first Russian capital of Siberia.

Early Russian Reception of James Hogg (1830s)

The early Russian reception of the Scottish writer James Hogg (1770—1835), known in his homeland as an interpreter of folk ballads and the author of “The Confession of a Justified Sinner” (1824) — a complex work, which laid the foundation for the theme of multiple personality disorder in English literature is comprehended in the article for the first time. It has been suggested that the first Russian to hear about Hogg and his works was A. I. Turgenev, who visited W. Scott in Abbotsford in August 1828. The materials of the Russian periodicals of the 1830s (“Library for reading”, “Northern Bee”, “Telescope”, “Moscow Observer”), which reported facts about the life and work of Hogg, were comprehended. It is noted that the authors of a number of articles (most of them published without a signature and under kryptonyms) were significant critics and publicists of the era — O. I. Senkovsky, N. A. Polevoy, N. I. Nadezhdin. It was established that in the 1830s, fragments from Hogg’s memoir about the life of W. Scott in Abbotsford “The Domestic Manners and Private Life of Sir Walter Scott” (1834), as well as a fragment from the book “Noctes Ambrosianae” (1802—1835), attributed to Hogg, but in reality a collective work of J. Wilson, J. G. Lockhart, Hogg and W. Maginn were translated into Russian. The analysis of publications about Hogg in periodicals and in the fourteenth volume of the Encyclopedic Lexicon (1838) revealed inaccuracies in the presentation of biographical facts, the tendency of Russian publicists to uncritically perceive the subjective assessments of the Hogg-memoirist, largely due to his desire to emphasize his own literary significance. It is noted that, introducing Hogg as a follower of Burns and a friend of Scott, the authors of articles in Russian periodicals did not pay due attention to Hogg’s creative individuality, the originality of his creative heritage, as a result of which the late period of his literary biography (late 1810s — mid-1830s), associated with the creation of “The Confession of a Justified Sinner” and a number of other significant works, remained unnoticed against the background of early works associated with reliance on folk songs.

Dobroczynność w Rosji w świetle publikacji w czasopismach i almanachach literackich pierwszej połowy XIX wieku

The article presents the publications in the periodical “Zhurnal Imperatorskogo chelovekolubivogo obshchestva” and the literary almanac Podarok bednym in the light of the development of charity in Russia (motives, forms, results): 1. The publications of Alexander Sturdza (About social charity, About private charity), Pyotr Shalikov etc.; 2. The charity institutions in the capital and the provinces; 3. The charity initiatives of women and the Russian writers. “Zhurnal Imperatorskogo chelovekolubivogo obshchestva” (the monthly magazine) was published in St. Petersburg from 1817 to 1826. It contained, among other elements, information and reports about the activity of philanthropists and charity institutions, and literary works (Hymn to love for a man by Pyotr Shalikov). Podarok bednym was published in Odessa in 1834 (the motto was a quotation from the Aeneid by Vergil: “Miseris succurrere disco”) by a women’s benevolent society. It contained the commentaries and works of belles-lettres. The paper compares “Zhurnal Imperatorskogo chelovekolubivogo obshchestva” and Podarok bednym (the “common places”, for instance the articles by Alexander Strudza About social charity published in “Zhurnal Imperatorskogo chelovekolubivogo obshchestva” in 1817 and in Podarok bednym in 1834). It presents also the discussions about charity in the Russian periodicals in the first half of the 19th century.

Landscape historical study of the Tract of St. Mary’s Mountain, a historical and cultural monument of Central Russia

This paper presents a comprehensive landscape and historical study of the historical and cultural monument "The tract of St. Mary’s Mountain". The territory of this monument, located at the crossroads of the main medieval overland roads, is ridden with numerous archaeological sites: ancient settlements, mounds and burial mounds, dating back to the 1st millennium AD, as well as natural monuments. Complex field expeditionary and office landscape-historical studies were carried out, as a result of which the modern landscape structure of the monument was analyzed, and the natural properties of the natural and cultural-historic landscapes of this territory were determined. A large-scale map of conditionally restored landscapes was compiled, and an assessment of the resource base, landscape and environmental conditions of the settlers’ life was completed. A comprehensive spatial and terrain analysis of the archaeological and historical monuments was completed, and retro-reconstructions of the landscape-economic systems of the ancient Russian period were created. As a result of the research conducted, it was established that the settlement systems and environmental management systems were clearly determined by the local landscape structure. The comprehensive studies conducted have made it possible to conclude that the historical and cultural landscape of "The tract of St. Mary’s Mountain" possesses a unique combination of natural and historical objects and is considered a model archeological monument of Ancient Russia, which historians compare with the synchronous monuments of Western and Central Europe of the "take off to the hills" era (11th–12th centuries).

Nuremberg Jetons as Cultural and Chronological Markers of the Russian Period in Western Siberia

Nuremberg Jetons as Cultural and Chronological Markers of the Russian Period in Western Siberia

Aleksey Peshkov as an editor of Samarskaya Gazeta

The article uses little known letters of M. Gorky, many of which were published for the first time in 1997, as well as findings of Samara-based experts in local history to shed light on the writer’s work as editor-in-chief of the Samarskaya Gazeta newspaper in 1895. The researcher introduces hitherto unstudied reminiscences of the journalist D. Linyov (Dalin) about this period, which reference a letter by Gorky, now lost. The paper details a newly discovered episode of Gorky’s professional biography as a journalist: it concerns his campaign against a Samara ‘she-wolf,’ the madam of a local brothel A. Neucheva. Linyov’s reminiscences turn out to be an important and interesting source, offering an insight into the daily grind of the young editor Gorky, providing new evidence of his excellent organizational skills, and describing his moral and social stance. The author presents his work in the context of a recently initiated broader discussion about the need to map out all Russian periodicals for the period until 1917, as well as all research devoted to individual publications.

The Cultural Phenomenon of Artworks in Hot Enamel Technique

The article explores the phenomenon of the emergence of artistic enamel as a medium for standalone easel works during the Soviet and later Russian period in contemporary Russian history, tracing the historical development of this art throughout several decades of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries and explores its origins and perspectives. The work of outstanding Russian enamel artists, founders of different schools of hot enamel, which influenced the formation and development of the author’s artistic enamel is highlighted. This analysis demonstrates the potential of the hot enamel technique in a wide range of artistic works, both in its dimensions (from miniature to monumental works) and its range of subjects and styles. Hot enamel has proven itself to be a versatile medium and is being embraced by creative artists in search of new materials and techniques. Hot enamel in Russia was influenced both by international artistic developments and by Russian trends and stylistic explorations, finding inspiration in other types of art and the contemporary art scene.
 Keywords: hot enamel, phenomenon, artistic enamel, decorative art

Sorokin Pitirim Revisited. His Place in Social Philosophy as a Transdisciplinary Thinker

The article reviews the contribution made by Pitirim Sorokin, Russian- American sociologist and philosopher, into the development of social thought during the Russian period of his work. It analyses the program of autonomation of sociology as a transdisciplinary science. It proves that Sorokin managed to anticipate many ideas of the system-communication theory being the most respected at the moment and to reveal the major conditions for crystallization of the modern communicatively differentiated society. With the achievements of science, psychology, philosophy, linguistics and evolution theory contemporary for him, Sorokin formulated a positive system-communication approach to social studies that was implemented and therefore verified in the theory of Niklas Luhmann only several decades after. The program included the analysis of the minimum manifestation of the society later referred to as “interaction”, which we can rightfully equalize with our contemporary interpretation of communication

Российский период в жизни и деятельности Сергея Ивановича Метальникова

Статья посвящена российскому периоду биографии Сергея Ивановича Метальникова, выдающегося ученого – зоолога, протистолога, микробиолога, иммунолога и философа. На основании архивных и опубликованных документов с использованием классических теоретических методов исторического исследования подробно восстановлены основные события его жизни (вплоть до момента эмиграции во Францию): детство, университетские годы, создание семьи, формирование научных интересов, начало работы в науке и постепенная адаптация в научном социуме, зарубежные командировки и стажировки, становление как исследователя и крупного деятеля науки и образования. Особое внимание уделено деятельности ученого на Высших женских (Бестужевских) курсах. Показано, что исследуемый период в жизни С. И. Метальникова был весьма успешным с точки зрения его научной карьеры, однако обстоятельства и последовательные политические взгляды вынудили его в конце концов покинуть страну. The article is devoted to the Russian period of the biography of Sergei Ivanovich Metalnikov, an outstanding Russian scientist, who emigrated to France after the revolution. He was a zoologist, protistologist, microbiologist, immunologist and philosopher. The personality of the scientist is interesting both for biologists and for historians of science and technology, as well as for the history of Russian scientific emigration. His life was also connected with the South of Russia: his family owned the Artek estate in Crimea, and he is deservedly considered to be one of the founders of Taurida University. The aim of the current article is to reconstruct the main events of his life, first of all those that formed his personality as a scientist, starting from childhood and continuing with the university years and the first independent steps in science, those related to his activities in the field of science and education. The article is based on archival and published documents, the main events of his life until the moment of emigration to France are reconstructed in details using classical theoretical methods of historical research. Among archival documents, his two autobiographies from the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Manuscripts Department of the Institute of Russian Literature should be mentioned. Besides them, the article is based on other documents from the Central State Historical Archive of St. Petersburg, the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences and its Saint Petersburg branch, the Manuscripts Department of the National Library of Russia. The article covers in detail his childhood, family, university years, the formation of scientific interests, the beginning of his work in science and adaptation in the scientific community, foreign trips and trainee ship, his formation as a scientist from a junior researcher to a prominent person in science and education. Particular attention in the article is devoted to Metalnikov’s activities at the Higher Women’s (Bestuzhev) courses, which have not received an adequate coverage in the literature yet. It is shown that the relevant period in Metalnikov’s life and work can be described as a very successful career. He managed to develop from a young scientist to a professor, a prominent and respected specialist of a wide scientific range. Nevertheless, the turbulent events in the life of the country and the personal civil position of the scientist led to his desire to emigrate from Russia and work abroad, and scientific achievements became the basis for the fact that he successfully succeeded.