This article examines Internet metaphors as a linguo-cognitive phenomenon reflecting the specifics of intercultural communication in Russian and English linguistic spaces. The study identified and classified Internet metaphors representing various cognitive models, including spatial, bodily, natural, social, technical, and economic metaphors. Particular attention is paid to comparing Russian and English Internet metaphors and analyzing their universal and specific characteristics. The purpose of the article: to identify the cognitive and intercultural features of Internet metaphors and determine their role in Russian-English intercultural discourse. Comparative, cognitive, and contextual analysis methods were applied, allowing the identification of differences in Internet reality perception in Russian and English cultures. It was established that Russian Internet discourse is characterized by greater emotional expressiveness, whereas English discourse is more focused on technical terms. The research results provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of Internet metaphor formation and their role in intercultural interaction. The obtained data may be useful in studying cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, as well as in translation practice and intercultural communication. The authors conclude that the identified features of Internet metaphors directly correlate with modern challenges of intercultural communication, especially in the context of online interaction, which requires not only linguistic flexibility, but also sociocultural adaptability.

The article examines the phenomenon of quadrobing as a new socio-cultural phenomenon in Russian society. The study is based on data from a sociological survey of Russian citizens aimed at studying their attitude to quadrobing, identifying key factors of perception and assessing its social risks. The analysis uses classical sociological theories: Marshall McLuhan's theory of communication, Ulrich Beck's concept of a "risk society" and Walter Lippmann's theory of stereotypes. Special attention is paid to two key research issues: (1) the distribution of quadrobing perception depending on the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, and (2) the role of mass media in shaping public opinion about this phenomenon. The empirical part is based on the results of a survey of 146 Russian Internet users, which included 21 questions about quadrobing. An analysis of the data obtained showed polar assessments of the phenomenon: from its perception as a harmless hobby to a dangerous subcultural phenomenon that destabilizes traditional social norms. In conclusion, conclusions are drawn about the dynamics of public opinion and it is noted that quadrobing is perceived as risky practices, which corresponds to Beck's concept of uncertainty in modern society. Recommendations are offered on the development of a balanced information policy aimed at the correct coverage of quadrobing in the media and minimizing its possible social risks.

The purpose of the research was to identify patterns of perception of I. S. Turgenev’s short story “Mumu” by a mass audience. The object is memes on the relevant topic. The actual material was images containing allusions to the work (more than 200 units). In the beginning it was determined which artistic techniques I. S. Turgenev preferred to use in the process of creating a text. The following are the most popular types of interpretation of the images of Gerasim and his pet. The kinds of artistic transformation of significant narrative motifs in modern art are mentioned. The caricatures of A. Bilzho, which have become an integral part of the Russian Internet, are considered in detail. Other content based on Turgenev’s short story has been studied. The results of a percentage analysis of dominant motifs and image types are presented. It is pointed out that the authors of the images made mistakes and conceptual discrepancies with the original. Typical techniques for achieving a comic effect are traced: suddenness, violation of the predicted linearity of events, reinterpretation of meaning, routine, characters clashing from different works, imitation of an easily recognizable style or genre, use of homonymy, polysemy, etc. In conclusion, the factors are listed, due to which the episodes of Turgenev’s short story turned into media viruses. The article is intended for a wide range of readers interested in literary classics and their fate in the Internet space.

The article examines the transformation of one of the key concepts of the Russian linguistic worldview – ЧИСТОТА (purity/cleanliness) – under the influence of the digital environment. Based on a diachronic analysis of data from the Russian National Corpus, the evolution of the semantic field is traced from the dominance of sacred-moral meanings in the pre-revolutionary period to the actualization of technological and ecological senses in the era of the Internet. The aim of the study is to construct a model of the transformation of the semantic field ЧИСТОТА in Russian internet discourse, identifying its latest structural dynamics. The scientific novelty lies in establishing and describing the formation of a new digital micro-field (e.g., ‘clean code’, ‘digital hygiene’), as well as in identifying the phenomenon of semantic hybridization as a consequence of network communicative practices (hashtags, memes). The analysis revealed key vectors of transformation: the reduction of the sacred-moral component at the core of the field, the expansion of ecological semantics, and the formation of a technological micro-field. The findings indicate that internet discourse acts not as a passive reflector but as an active agent of semantic changes, creating unique conditions for terminological creativity and the hybridization of meanings.

Abstract This study investigates the lexico-grammatical and graphemic features of synthetic involvement employed by fake news writers to engage audiences on Twitter (now X). Conceptually, it draws on the linguistic notion of involvement as a form of phatic communication but extends it to include features of digital discourse produced with the intent to manipulate and deceive – hence, synthetic involvement. Methodologically, the study adopts a comparative corpus-based approach to identify features of involvement in a dataset of 13,000 tweets produced by fake accounts operated by the Russian Internet Research Agency. In addition to language markers such as the frequent use of proper nouns, third person present tense reporting verbs associated with standard English, interjections, and personal and possessive pronouns, the study also identifies graphemic features that reflect deliberate attempts to fabricate authenticity, for example, the use of asterisks for inconsistent self-censorship to obscure offensive language. By revealing this wider range of features, the study contributes to the growing body of linguistic research on online disinformation, offering insight into how synthetic involvement is strategically constructed and deployed to deceive and manipulate public opinion.

The accessibility of web resources for people with disabilities is a key element in creating an inclusive digital space. In the modern world, where the internet plays an important role in everyday life, ensuring equal and free access to online resources for all categories of users, including people with disabilities, becomes a priority task. For this purpose, international standards WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines) were developed, which contain recommendations for creating websites that are convenient for perception and use by people with various types of health impairments, such as problems with vision, hearing, or motor skills. The goal of the work is to study the accessibility barriers of Russian internet resources for persons with visual and hearing impairments and to propose measures for their elimination in accordance with international WCAG standards. In Russia, the issue of web resource compliance with these standards remains relevant, especially against the backdrop of an increasing number of users with disabilities. The growth of this population category underscores the need to adapt websites to their needs. However, many Russian web resources still do not meet accessibility requirements, which creates barriers for people with disabilities.

Objective. To analyze the current state of application of the provisional stenting technique for bifurcation lesions of the coronary arteries by different specialists in various medical organizations in Russia.Materials and methods. The data required for analysis and statistical processing were obtained by developing a formalized questionnaire (20 questions, some of which with the ability to select several answers at the same time - multiple choice), which was published in three Russian Internet communities dedicated to endovascular surgery (“Angiopicture”, “Rentgenhirurg Club” and “Endovascular School”). Participation was anonymous. The survey lasted 14 days (from June 23, 2024 to August 6, 2024). The results of the study were collected using the Google Forms online service and processed using the Google Sheets service. Multiple-choice answers were processed as absolute numbers and presented as a percentage of the total number of answers to a specific question.Results and discussion. The total number of respondents who took part in the survey was 86, whose average age was 35 years. Practical activity is represented by work in medical organizations of various levels, but most of the responses were received from 3rd level MO (48.8%). The professional experience of most respondents in the specialty does not exceed 15 years (80.2%). The following results were revealed based on the study: Slightly less than half of the respondents (43%) equally assess the possibility of using provisional stenting on a planned and emergency basis. When choosing this technique, 58.1% of respondents rely on their professional experience in treating bifurcation lesions of the coronary arteries. The vast majority of endovascular surgeons perform sequential insertion of coronary guidewires into the main branch and then into the side branch using two coronary guidewires. (73.3%). When performing provisional stenting, the preferred technique is the classical one, with sequential “POT-kissing-POT” dilations (34.9%). The most common criterion for performing SB dilation after MV stenting is significant impairment of blood flow through the SB (TIMI <3) – 81.4%. When switching to a two-stent technique, surgeons give great preference to the following techniques: “CULLOTE” (75.6%) and “T/TAP” (64%). The reasons for using the provisional stenting technique are: good results in the early and late postoperative periods (82.6%), ease of implementation (83.7%), and the possibility of switching to a two-stent technique (66.3%). Conclusion. To date, there is no unified approach to provisional stenting for bifurcation coronary artery disease. The results of this survey revealed disagreements among specialists regarding the indications and sequence for selecting and performing provisional stenting. Finding the optimal method for performing provisional stenting is a critically important clinical task aimed at reducing perioperative complications and improving long-term treatment outcomes.

The study of the characteristics of the Russian internet space has become particularly relevant in recent years due to the growing number of internet users and the ongoing expansion of opportunities for utilitarian, leisure, and business activities online. At the same time, the broadening range of online possibilities intensifies differ-ences among users, shaped by social, economic, demographic, and other factors. This paper analyzes the most common types of online activity in Russia and attempts to develop a typology of internet users based on their purposes for using the internet. The identified clusters are described and compared according to socio-economic and demographic characteristics, and social profiles of various user types are presented. Based on theoretical analysis, the study concludes that the concept of Internet practices remains underdeveloped in soci-ological science. In empirical studies, it is often reduced to the goal-oriented aspect of online activity. The anal-ysis of data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey – HSE made it possible to identify a three-component typology of internet users in Russia: utilitarian, functional, and universal.

ABSTRACT The centrality of information and communicative processes in persuading society has, historically, made the media one of the key networks of power and influence in society. The rapid expansion of social media platforms has, however, enabled revolutionary changes in how this power is wielded and how persuasion occurs. This has had a profound impact on how political, economic, and social issues are understood and addressed. While a comprehensive body of social psychological theory and applied practice on the topic of persuasion has been developed over many years, persuasion in the contemporary social media environment is one that researchers are yet to fully understand. Methods for achieving this understanding continue to evolve. This article draws on a large corpus of material (2218 Facebook advertisements and metadata) which documented the Russian Internet Research Agency campaign to influence the outcome of the 2016 US presidential elections. Drawing on Aristotle's rhetorical framework, this article presents a process analysis to understand how political persuasion is undertaken in the contemporary social media environment. The findings provide new insights into the social psychological processes of persuasion in contemporary society and demonstrate the utility of a rhetorical framework in understanding persuasion campaigns in dynamic digital settings.

В статье анализируются характерные для современного медиадискурса повествовательные модели, которые используются популярным жанром «лонгрид» в российских интернет-изданиях социальной направленности. Цель данного исследования — доказать, что выбор определенного вида нарратива для мультимедийной истории является важнейшим этапом при создании лонгрида, так как именно он устанавливает особый тип коммуникации между автором и аудиторией, делает текст целостным и помогает читателю глубоко погрузиться в материал. На примере социальных лонгридов отечественного медиа «Такие дела» автор показывает несколько типов письменного нарратива, каждый из которых определяет максимальную эффективность своего информационного продукта — большого аналитического и/или художественно-публицистического текста, дополненного различными мультимедийными элементами. По мнению исследователя, проанализированные повествовательные модели (нарратив от лица журналиста-ретранслятора, от лица журналиста-очевидца и от лица очевидца — непрофессионального автора) являются оптимальными, так как способствуют реализации главной задачи социальной журналистики — обратить внимание аудитории на актуальные общественные проблемы, вызвать у читателей соответствующие эмоции и убедить их в необходимости совместно найти выход из сложившейся ситуации. Результаты проделанного исследования имеют теоретическое значение (исследование природы и области использования лонгрида в интернет-проектах социальной тематики), а также практическое применение работниками СМИ, занимающихся аналитической журналистикой и публицистикой. The article analyzes the narrative models characteristic of modern media discourse, which are used by the popular genre “longread” in Russian Internet publications of social orientation. The aim of the present study is to prove that the choice of a certain type of narrative for a multimedia story is the most important stage in the creation of a longread, as it establishes a special type of communication between the author and the audience, makes the text coherent and helps the reader to deeply immerse in the material. Using the example of social longreads at the national media called “Such Cases,” the author shows several types of written narratives, each determining the maximum effectiveness of its informational product — a large analytical and/or artistic-publicistic text supplemented with various multimedia elements. In the researcher’s opinion, the analyzed narrative models (narrative on behalf of a journalist-translator, on behalf of an eyewitness journalist, or on behalf of an eyewitness who is a non-professional author) are optimal, as they contribute to the realization of the main task of social journalism: to draw the audience’s attention to current social problems, evoke appropriate emotions in readers, and convince them of the need to jointly find a way out of the situation. The results of this research have theoretical significance (the study of the nature and scope of the use of the longread in Internet projects on social topics), as well as practical application by media authors engaged in analytical journalism and publicism.

Can laughter serve as a form of opposition to war? This article investigates the role and significance of humor in post-February 2022 Russia, with a particular emphasis on memes. Oscillating between resistance and compliance, this internet phenomenon has demonstrated the capacity both to mobilize and to hinder societal opposition to Russia’s aggression against Ukraine. The article begins by theorizing the potentially “virtuous” effects of memes, as well as their inherent limitations. It then analyzes two key case studies: the activities of Lentach, a popular Russian meme page on social media since the outbreak of the war, and the legal controversy surrounding the “No to the Vobla” meme in late 2022. While memes may not constitute a central instrument in the broader resistance against Putin’s war, they nonetheless can play a certain role in sustaining the potential for dissent within Russian society.Peut-on rire pour s’opposer à une guerre ? En partant de cette question, cet article examine la place et le rôle du rire dans la Russie post-février 2022, en s’intéressant particulièrement au cas des mèmes. Oscillant entre résistance et complaisance, ce phénomène numérique possède un double potentiel : il peut à la fois renforcer et freiner l’opposition de la société russe à l’agression contre l’Ukraine. L’analyse débute par une théorisation des effets possiblement « vertueux » des mèmes, tout en en soulignant les limites. Elle se poursuit par l’étude de deux cas emblématiques : l’action de Lentach, une page de mèmes russe populaire sur les réseaux sociaux depuis le début du conflit, et la controverse judiciaire entourant le mème « Non à la vobla » à la fin de l’année 2022. Bien que les mèmes ne constituent pas un outil central d’opposition à la guerre menée par Poutine, ils contribuent néanmoins à préserver un potentiel de résistance au sein de la société russe.

The article proposes an approach to identifying signs of fake information and counteracting it within the framework of the information policy of higher educational institutions. An analysis of information cases with signs of disinformation showed that the disseminated fakes have significant risk factors for the state. False information is aimed at destabilizing the socio-political situation and forming a negative image of the country's leadership among citizens. At the same time, targeting the mass audience, fakes aim to change moral attitudes, increase anxiety, and create negative narratives about the socio-political order. The goal of this study is to determine modern individual strategies for self-defense against fake information. The object of the study is the information field of the Russian Federation. The subject of the study is fake information. The scientific article examines the global dynamics of fake information dissemination, the technologies used to create unreliable content, and strategies for countering distorted information. Content analysis of unreliable publications, a literature review on the topic, and an online survey of youth to identify the level of competencies in countering disinformation were used as research methods. The main conclusions of the scientific research include the active development of technologies that complicate the determination of the credibility of information. Artificial intelligence is often used to create fake information, making it difficult to distinguish from credible content at a glance. Additionally, fakes often utilize links to non-existent sources or quotes from pseudo-experts. Manipulative techniques and the lack of prompt action from government structures and interested companies allow fakes to exert a greater impact. An example of such influence is the case discussed in the article concerning Kazan Federal University. A significant contribution to the study of the topic is the conducted survey, which revealed important directions for reducing the impact of fakes, including the demand for an official channel with reliable information and the state's position, which can be one of the elements of the e-government system. Based on the conducted research, rules for protection against disinformation were formulated. The main theses include the principle of promptness, the principle of the information bubble, a critical approach to information, attention to manipulation markers, information hygiene, and verification of information through official resources.

The published article proposes a generalization of mathematical models of consumer innovation diffusion for the case of variable imitation coefficients and nonlinear variants of total market saturation. A differential equation of consumer innovation diffusion is constructed, taking into account variations in the imitation coefficient and nonlinearity of the total market saturation process. Possible scenarios for the development of the innovation diffusion process are considered, corresponding to various combinations of variants of changes in variable imitation coefficients with variants of nonlinear methods of total market saturation. Numerical analysis of the developed model showed good agreement with known statistical data on the growth in the number of users of the global Internet in Russia.

The Information Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation identifies computer fraud as a key cyber threat in the digital domain. With over 100 million Russian internet users actively engaged on social networks, these platforms have become the primary medium for online communication in the country. Social networks reach an audience of more than 100 million Russian internet users, thus becoming the main means of communication for Russians on the World Wide Web. It allows social networks to serve as one of the most attractive platforms for carrying out fraudulent activities, including using social engineering attacks. Among the social engineering methods used by attackers, pretexting stands out as a particularly prevalent. To effectively mitigate pretexting-based social engineering attacks on social networks, there arises a need to create models for combatting such threats. The urgency of this task stems from: the ubiquity of social media platforms, the rising incidence of cybercrimes leveraging information and communication technologies and the limited body of research focusing specifically on pretexting within social networking environments. The article aims to describe the author’s model for countering pretexting attacks in social networks, grounded in the typical structure of social engineering assaults and to consider fields of its potential applications within methodological frameworks for combating such threats. The proposed model serves as a foundational tool for formulating targeted countermeasures against social engineering attacks of pretexting in social media contexts

Improving the living standards of citizens and improving the investment climate are the key benchmarks of any state.The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between quality of life and the growth of bank deposits in the regions of Russia.Materials and methods. The integral index of the quality of life of the population of the Russian regions from 2011 to 2021 was assessed using the method of principal components based on blocks of variables reflecting not only material but also spiritual and moral spheres of society. The authors analyzed the presence of correlation between the integral index of the quality of life and the volume of bank deposits. Assuming that the integral index of the quality of life can have a significant impact on the growth of bank deposits, panel data models with fixed and random effects were constructed and analyzed. The data from the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and from open Russian Internet resources on banking analytics were used in the paper.Results. The paper shows that despite the presence of a stable correlation between the value of the integral index of the quality of life and the estimate of the volume of deposits, the quality of life does not have a significant impact on the growth of bank investments. Regional inflation is expected to have a negative impact on deposit growth.Conclusion. The increase in free cash stimulates the population to choose the most reliable ways of their preservation and multiplication, for example, bank deposits. However, improving the quality of their lives, the population may begin to consider other, albeit less reliable, but perhaps more profitable areas of investment, such as real estate or mutual funds. In addition, today the compensation for deposits in a bank, in respect of which an insured event has occurred, is paid to the depositor in the amount not exceeding 1.4 million rubles, which encourages agents to consider other investment instruments, if the available free cash exceeds the above amount. In conditions when the growth rates of consumer prices exceed the return on deposits, their real return becomes negative, which means that the population will look for alternative ways of investment. Analysis that takes into account different types of investment by regions of the country is currently a difficult task due to the aggregation and non-transparency of this type of data. We also note that the turbulent period starting from 2022, characterized by a sharp increase in interest rates, requires separate consideration.

There is no doubt that internet communication is characterized by language democratization, which is particularly evident in the case of a genre such as internet memes. In the process of meme creation, the norms are quite often exceeded. Particularly noticeable are deviations from the orthographic, punctuation, grammatical, or stylistic norms (a large number of swear words). A significant part of these deviations is intentional, as they testify to the linguistic creativity of the meme authors who aim to achieve a humorous effect. The purpose of this article is to present how deviations from the norms are used in Russian internet memes. It is also pointed out that memes addressing the problem of linguistic correctness humorously can be found on the internet. The analysis showed that they could be a specific form of fighting against violations of the linguistic norms in online communication. By ridiculing typical mistakes in the contemporary Russian language, they popularize normative forms.

The author has been teaching programming to Gomel schoolchildren for more than four decades. For the last twenty-five years, training has been focused primarily on preparing for programming competitions from school to international competitions (IOI). Since 1997, 15 students of the author have won a total of 26 medals at IOI 1997 - 2023. The article contains a description of the teaching methods and tools used by the author to teach the topic “Number Systems”. An essential technical basis for training is the instrumental distance learning system DL.GSU.BY, was created and developed under the leadership of the author from 1999 to the present time. In this article, the following questions are sequentially considered (with the solution of the corresponding original problems from the American and Russian Internet Olympiads): binary number system, binary counting, converting numbers from decimal to binary, and vice versa. Hexadecimal and octal number systems. Conversion of numbers from one number system to another.

According to numerous contemporary studies, the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and the hybrid war waged by Russia have generated a huge quantity of propaganda primarily in social media, such as Facebook, Instagram and Telegram. These tools are the easiest, fastest, cheapest and most effective way to reach millions of recipients who are (consciously and unconsciously) authors of propaganda content, administrators, participants of various discussion groups and readers. This is one of the reasons why, after the invasion began in Russia, many websites used for communication and building online communities were blocked. However, the problem also lies outside the “Russian Internet”, as, apart from Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, no other post-Soviet country has confirmed the existence of its secret services. We may therefore discover that Russian influence in the “information noise” surrounding the war is significant.

The recent departure of international brands from the Russian markets is unprecedentedly; its consequences require thoroughly study, especially in the context of consumer behavior towards non-original goods. This paper analyzes the dynamics of counterfeit purchases in Russia in 2021—2023 and socio-economic factors that explain the purchase of fakes, given that the latter differ from standard economic goods with high symbolic value. Quantitative data representing the Russian Internet audience aged 18 years and older is used. Three waves of the online survey were conducted: in 2021 (N = 4978 people), 2022 (N = 6000 people) and 2023 (N = 6000 people). According to the results, the purchase of counterfeits is a widespread phenomenon in Russia. Russians purchase non-original goods mostly unintentionally, although in the last two years of the survey there have been structural shifts towards their knowingly buying. With the help of multinomial regression, factors for purchasing counterfeits were revealed. The availability of counterfeits on the Internet and the financial limitations of Russian households contribute to expanding the audience of consumers of non-original goods, whereas a focus on high quality when choosing goods reduces the number of buyers of counterfeits. The role of well-known brands in the consumption of counterfeit products remains ambivalent

Media technologies are becoming an integral part of the modern educational process, offering new approaches to learning and interaction between students and teachers. Podcasting, as one of the most relevant media technology formats, is a valuable addition to traditional teaching methods. In recent years, podcasts have become an increasingly popular content format that can be effectively integrated into the learning process. The purpose of the study is to study the preferences of verbal teachers and students in relation to podcasting, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of using podcasts in literature lessons to increase the level of student involvement in the educational process. In accordance with this, the following research methods are used: a systematic analysis of scientific and methodological sources and the Russian Internet segment of podcasts; an analysis of methodological research and practical experience in teaching literature; a ascertaining experiment; an analysis of one’s own work experience at school; monitoring the activities of students, analyzing the results of their activities, diagnostic sections. In the course of an empirical study on the use of media technologies in the educational process, it is revealed that verbal teachers demonstrate a tendency to integrate a variety of media resources, including podcasts. Currently, there is a shortage of methodological developments on the use of podcasting in literature lessons in educational practice, in particular, concerning the mechanisms and strategies of its application. During the second stage of the study conducted among schoolchildren, a range of topics most interesting for teenagers in the podcast format is identified. In addition, both advantages and disadvantages of this type of content have been identified. In the article, the author describes examples of the use of podcasting in school literary education, as well as technological aspects related to the creation and distribution of podcasts. The article demonstrates the methodological potential of using podcasts by the example of integrating this tool into a literature lesson dedicated to the study of A. P. Chekhov’s play “The Cherry Orchard” at the initial stage (settings for the perception of the text). The author of the article also identifies promising areas for further research on this topic.