Rural Regeneration Research Articles

공간 빅데이터를 활용한 농촌재생 대상지 선정 방법론 연구

오늘날 농촌은 대내외적으로 급격한 변화에 직면하고 있다. 농촌지역의 개발과 보존을 위한 정책의 집행도 참여와 소통을 추구하고, 과학적 지식을 활용한 투명성과 효율성이 강조되고 있다. 이러한 맥락에서 농촌사회의 재생과 활성화를 위한 적절한 정책 집행의 준거와 틀이 필요한 시점이다. 따라서 본 연구는 농촌재생 정책을 어느 지역을 대상지로 선정하여 추진할 것인가에 대해 새로운 과학적 수단과 매체로써 공간 빅데이터의 활용성을 제시하였다. 특히 대상지 선정을 위한 물리적･사회적 지표를 마련하고, 이를 등급별로 구분하여 사례지역에 적용하였다. 이 과정을 통해서 인구밀도, 신축건물, 지가변화, 유동인구의 분포 및 변화 수준에 근거한 농촌재생 대상지를 선정하였다. 농촌의 현실을 제대로 진단하고 농촌다움을 효과적으로 회복하기 위해서는 농촌재생의 지속적인 추진과 토대 마련이 시급하다. 본 연구에서 제시한 대상지 선정 방법론의 체계성과 시의성은 농촌재생 정책의 추진에 일정부분 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: The impact mechanism of rural land circulation on promoting rural revitalization based on wireless network development

The objective and accurate evaluation of land value is one of the biggest interest issues that farmers are concerned about in the transfer of rural land, and it is one of the influencing factors that influence the country’s rural rejuvenation strategy recommendation. Considering the nonlinear characteristics of various policy and social issues, such as the nature of land and market chaos in the process of rural land circulation, neural networks are introduced to study rural land evaluation based on the development of wireless networks, and the mechanism of influence of promotion of rural regeneration is explored. After analyzing the structure and flow of the neural network, the related equations of the BP neural network are updated, and the introduction of a genetic algorithm to establish a hybrid model is proposed to promote the effective evaluation of the complexity problem by the BP neural network algorithm and improve the prediction accuracy. After simulation experiments show that this study can provide a fair evaluation of the value of rural land transfer, and it has positive significance for promoting the development strategy of rural rejuvenation.

農山村再生の実践:─震災復興から考える「地域への人的支援」戦略モデル─

農山村再生の実践:─震災復興から考える「地域への人的支援」戦略モデル─

A novel agroecosystem: Beef production in abandoned farmland as a multifunctional alternative to rewilding

In much of Europe policy is challenged by the abandonment of crop and pasture land and its replacement by natural forest regrowth. Rewilding is one option. An alternative, multifunctional, strategy is extensive beef farming coupled with carbon storage in herbage and naturally regenerating trees. An economic model is developed in the context of Estonia, where many of the constraints and opportunities relating to natural forest regrowth are in particularly sharp focus, but the approach will be widely applicable. Production of niche market beef, carbon sequestration, and other ecosystem services can proceed in parallel. A novel concept of support payments is proposed. Net present value assessment, with cash credits for carbon storage, demonstrates that the model is viable. A 100 ha tract of abandoned land, stocked with 35 beef cows, would produce beef profitably. Provisioning, regulating and cultural ecosystem services would be delivered, including a net storage of carbon, and rural regeneration would be promoted. The study provides further scientific underpinning for a policy discussion on abandoned land, which represents a growing proportion of Europe's land area. Extensive beef production is compatible with net carbon storage and can provide sustainable ecosystem services together with rural regeneration.

Anonymous Process and Absent Architect: Behind the Scenes of Chinese Rural Regeneration

The concept of architect and the authorship of architecture in traditional China were shared by the literati and craftsmen. In the process of architecture, the boundary between designer and builder was blurred. The master-builder/carpenter-architect designed and constructed the physical building, and the literati represented and conceived the building through visual and textual practices. This paper intends to capture the relatively anonymous process of those carpenter-architects behind the scenes of the ongoing rural regeneration in China, through tracing the construction of his own family house done by a retiring carpenter in Bishan village, Anhui province.

Co-designing the solution space for rural regeneration in a new World Heritage site: A Choice Experiments approach

This study develops a participatory multi-methodology intervention designed and deployed to support planning and management of a new World Heritage site, the vineyard landscape of Langhe, Roero and Monferrato, in Northern Italy. The purpose of the study was to support community involvement in the design phase of urban regeneration alternatives. The ultimate objective was to propose practical recommendations for a sustainable regeneration strategy to the Municipal Authority of La Morra, one of the villages located within the core area of the World Heritage site.The analysis context represents a complex territorial system and a challenging decision-making environment due to the presence of: (i) conflicting needs co-existing in the same geographical area, i.e., preservation needs of the World Heritage on one side, and new development needs on the other, (ii) many stakeholders (i.e., residents, tourists, territorial authorities, tourism associations and environmental advocates), and (iii) presence of marginalized communities that are at risk due to the strong trend towards the abandonment of rural areas for big cities. Within this context, the authors propose the use of Stakeholders’ Analysis and Choice Experiments to co-design, together with stakeholders and the local community, feasible strategies for the regeneration of the abandoned rural buildings scattered across the core World Heritage Site. Indeed, the community issue of abandoned rural heritage emerged as both an important weakness of the territorial system under analysis and as an interesting opportunity for rural regeneration.The results obtained illustrate the importance of integrated approaches for the development of accountable public decision processes and consensus policy alternatives.

Rural regeneration strategies for declining regions: trade-off between novelty and practicability

ABSTRACTInnovation comprises both novelty and practicability. These two dimensions of innovation correlate partly negatively in our analysis of survey data about planning processes in declining rural districts. As argued in the literature, declining regions need innovative concepts beyond traditional counteracting strategies to ‘shrink smart’. Competitions are suggested as feasible-to-initiate innovative local concepts by the state. The German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture invited 39 particularly affected rural districts to participate in such a competition among the best concepts. We address the questions of how the districts dealt with the requirements for novelty and practicability in their concepts and how the rules of competitive bidding procedures influence those concepts. Answering these questions, we conducted a survey and statistically tested hypotheses deduced from governance and innovation theory. Moreover, we analysed the bidding documents. The results show that most districts came up with hardly novel and only partly practicable concepts because the organization of the competition, and local bargaining processes impede innovation. Furthermore, the ministry’s requirements for the competition overburdened local actors with a lack of resources in declining regions. As a policy implication, we propose to integrate external experts in local networks and to accompany declining regions over a longer time instead of short-term competitions and projects.

Research on Rural Regeneration of Northern Mountains Based on Polymorphic Fusion —— Taking Laoyu Village as an Example

Sustainable regeneration is a way of rejuvenating and revitalizing the run-down areas to spring to life and become vibrant again by their own efforts. On the basis of interpreting regeneration theory and rural development, this paper analyzes the difficulties and possibility in northern part of rural mountain areas, taking Laoyu Village in the middle of Shandong province mountain area as an example. It also points out the characteristics of regeneration theory in the rural development of northern mountain areas through the characteristics of rural environment and the core of regeneration mode. It explores the concept of rural regeneration and planning design strategy based on rural characteristics.

Return migrants, mini‐tours and rural regeneration: A study of local food movement in Taiwan

AbstractSince the turn of the century, food safety has been one of the most significant social issues in Taiwan. In face of a series of alarming food‐poisoning scares, which pushed many Taiwanese to search for good safe food, the Taiwanese authorities have initiated a variety of strategies to handle food production issues. At county level, government sponsored projects, such as rural regeneration projects, have coincided with a wave of return migration, in which young city dwellers have returned to rural towns in order to engage in sustainable food production. There is also a popularising trend of ‘mini‐tours’, a leisurely activity that sees urban tourists visiting rural regions in search of ‘authentic’ traditions, such as those around food. This confluence of food safety concerns, official rural regeneration schemes, civil movements for sustainable food production, local tourism and emerging discourses on authentic food and food localism has fashioned an interesting food scene in Taiwan. This paper will examine the impacts of these joint forces. It will also illustrate how local food producers have struggled to construct a new food producer–consumer relationship that also contributes to the sustainable development of Taiwan.

Cooperatives as Alternative Form of Organization for CSR Effectiveness: Insights from Rabindranath Tagore

Increasing thrust on sustainability has pervaded every form of organization today including business. Active involvement and participation in community activities is no more considered an act of traditional philanthropy but an integral and significant part of the business model and operations for inclusive growth of the multiple stakeholder constituencies along with the organization. This also throws challenges to modern organizations to look for alternative forms and redefined priorities beyond the confines of single-pointed pursuit of profits and economic growth. The present article primarily engages in this search for ‘the other’ form of organization in the pioneering initiative for rural regeneration by the Nobel Laureate poet and philosopher from India Rabindranath Tagore at Sriniketan, in the district of Birbhum in West Bengal. Sriniketan was a novel venture to uplift the neglected village and bridge the gap between the urban and the rural milieu. In this regard, this article will undertake a detailed study of Tagore’s twin objectives—first, to educate the villagers in self-dependence and second, to gift the villagers a complete life. It will also attempt to uphold the ideal of village welfare as envisioned by Tagore through people-centric education with the help of local and global experts. The article explores through a qualitative study of Tagore’s Sriniketan, a rural development project directed towards sustainability in viewing the spirit of cooperatives as an alternative form of organization. It will also finally highlight on how modern organizations can draw lessons on sustainability from Tagore’s cooperative movement for creative and effective corporate social responsibility (CSR) interventions.

From State-Socialist Ambitions of Romanian Rural Indutrialisation to Post-Socialist Rural Deindutrialisation: Two Case Studies From Romania

Abstract The post-socialist changes in Romania’s communities profoundly changed the rural settlements with similar, contrasting and tensioned trends in the local rural development. The purpose of this study is to focus on the post-socialist rural dereliction. The paper unveils the post-socialist rural transformation in Romania, from the state-socialist interventions in rural industrialisation, to the post-socialist rural identity formation, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. During this process, two sampled case studies were thoroughly analysed, namely the Tomeşti and Margina communes – two rural settlements intensely industrialised under the former state-socialist political regime and with multiple consequences during the post-90s period in their local development. According to recent theories on economic changes reflected in local rural spatial development, the idea of rural dereliction remains peripheral and, at the same time, a hot-spot issue in the contemporary research on rural restructuring. In addition, recent theories on social and economic changes provide useful frameworks in studying the production of rural ruins. With post-socialist deindustrialisation, and under new post-90 capitalist rules in local rural development, rural communities faced multiple problems in creating their own post-socialist identity. Accordingly, this study highlights the local problems of rural deindustrialisation in the inner rural pattern of the investigated sites. While some rural communities embrace slow rural spatial regeneration trends, others remain ruined, marginalised and declined. The findings of the study confirm the presence of derelict abandoned places, thus highlighting the need for further proper interventions in local rural development, and for further fertile scientific dialogues to promote suitable strategies in Romanian rural regeneration on the local scale.

Participatory Design among College Youths and Rural Areas

Following the tendency of urbanization and commercial development, people migrate to urban areas to seek for better opportunities that rural areas lose the vast majority of young population and only elders remain. These villages suffer serious recessions continually and lack of inputs from public resources. Therefore the authorities devote new programs to improving rural regenerations. Apart from the rural regeneration plan 2011, a rural migratory plan of college youths Touch Rural Village - How Touching has been activated at the same time. Five sophomores from Department of Cultural and Creative Industries, HungKuang University enrolled the contest of Touch Rural Village - How Touching held by Soil and Water Conservation Bureau in 2014. The classic community development procedure was not applied by these students, but a new vision from non-spatial training background was adopted to determine a new development axis and target thus to propel people and surrounding within the village. This report illustrates the targets, process and results of Touch Rural Village - How Touching. Hopefully the observations and conversations from this differential procedure provide innovative concepts that a future integrative application would contribute to a premised conversation in terms of creative design, solutions and action strategies.

Approach to Rural Regeneration through Sustainable Tourism

本稿においては、タリアの集落再生モデルであるアルベルゴ・ディフーゾ（AD）について、全体像や特徴、運営実態、地域への波及効果など、その概要を整理した。ADは集落に残る地域の歴史的資産を活かしながら環境負荷の少ない手法でまちづくり基盤を整え、多様な主体が協働的に地域内で関わるツーリズム手法を導入することで、持続可能な地域社会の形成を図ろうとするものである。その取り組みの理念的な特徴は、本物の環境にこだわる「真正性」と小さいながらも地域に新しいしくみを導入しようとする「革新性」にあると思われる。今後、この「集落まるごとホテル」というユニークな発想を日本型にアレンジした観光まちづくりの導入が期待される。

地域サポート人材事業に関する研究の動向と展望

地域サポート人材事業に関する研究の動向と展望

Rural tourism: the evolution of practice and research approaches – towards a new generation concept?

This paper charts the evolution of rural tourism in the developed world as an alternative tourism form, popular since the 1970s with the market and with policy makers as a rural regeneration and conservation tool. It outlines parallels with the Butler tourism area life cycle: emergence; volume growth, complexity and geographical spread; followed by problems arising from increasing competition, lack of governance and leadership, societal change and technical developments. Research responses to rural tourism's growth and change are examined, analysing 1848 articles published since 2000 by interrogating Scopus to reveal responses by subject category and geographic distribution. The papers in the Journal of Sustainable Tourism’s new rural tourism Special Issue are discussed, noting how researchers have explored the conversion of rural tourism from sightseeing to numerous experiential activities, together with papers discussing governance, leadership, networking, product development and marketing. The paper concludes by calling for the research-led creation of a New Generation Rural Tourism, based on informed destination development and management, better understanding of markets and modern marketing, and professional approaches to holistic and sustainability enhancing management. The formation of an international rural tourism research group to explore, assist and assess New Generation Rural Tourism is suggested.

Could the Creative Class be a Factor in Scottish Rural Development?

This paper reviews the applicability of Florida's creative class concept to rural Scotland. It builds on recognition that environmental quality is a powerful attractant to businesses and in-migrants in Scotland, although to date no Scottish analysts of rural regeneration have used Florida's terminology or ideas to any significant degree. This is in spite of compelling evidence that, with uncontroversial modifications to the definition of the creative class, his analysis of the relationship between the presence of creative class members and growth can be confirmed in rural North America. The paper explores some of the challenges of the creative class hypothesis, including defining membership. It recognises some of the difficulties encountered in trying to ascertain the direction of causation with respect to the creative class: are members attracted to areas by the demand for employment or because of the social and environmental qualities of particular places? The paper also recognises that creative class ideas may not resonate especially strongly with endogenous (i.e. internally originating) development ideas, which are more rooted in strong place-based communities as vectors of growth than mobile incomers. The paper highlights three main areas of research to address these questions.

地域おこし協力隊事業における定住者のパーソナルネットワークに関する研究

This paper aimed to reveal characteristics, activity processes, and personal network (PN) structures of migrants in “Chiiki-Okoshi-Kyoryokutai”, which is the program to promote rural regeneration. A survey was conducted in Tokamachi city, Niigata prefecture. The main findings were as follows: 1) The migrants' PNs could be classified into 4 groups by PN density and opportunities for forming relationships within the PN. 2) Specific directions on activities affected density of migrants' PNs. 3) The migrants' motivations to participate in “Chiiki-Okoshi-Kyoryokutai” affected opportunities for forming relationships within their PN.

From enthusiasm to scepticism: tourism cluster initiatives and rural development in Slovakia

Rural regeneration is usually accompanied by diversifi cation of the economy and creation of new employment opportunities. The cluster concept, introduced by Michael Porter at the beginning of the 1990s, and cluster initiatives are generally and uncritically offered as an adequate tool for the fulfi lment of these objectives. This study describes the functioning of four tourism cluster initiatives from rural areas of Slovakia using the experience and knowledge from fi eld work (supported by content analysis of newspapers and the Internet) and their (in)direct impact on selected regional indicators (net migration of population, number of tourists, overnight stays and unemployed persons). The data indicate the efforts of the tourism cluster founders in the initial years of activity are not automatically associated with broadly interpreted local and regional success. This result shows that cluster initiatives in tourism are not appropriate for all rural areas, economies and/or communities.

China’s modernization, rural regeneration and historical agency

Like most of the once down-trodden colonized nations, China’s key historical project of the last 150 years has been to enforce modernization. The aim and mechanism of modernization has generally been simplified as industrialization, a process China has pursued since the mid-19th century. Wen Tiejun portrays China’s development in the last 150 years as ‘the four phases of industrialization of a peasant state’ with the ultimate aim of becoming a powerful modern state to counter European and Japanese imperialism, and later the United States’ embargo during the Cold War. The first attempt was the Yang Wu Movement initiated by the Qing dynasty from 1850 to 1895; the second the industrialization policy pursued by the Republican government from 1920s to the 1940s; the third the “state primitive accumulation of capital” practiced by the Communist Party regime from the 1950s to the 1970s; and the fourth the reform and open-door policy promoted by Deng Xiaoping since the late 1970s (Wen 2001). There has been intellectual consensus on modernization calling out for radical social reform in China in the 20th century. Since the 1920s all major intellectual thought has been in agreement that China needs a thorough social overhaul. The only difference was whether the model should be American capitalism or Russian socialism. Among these radical ideas and social programs, the rural reconstruction movement during the 1920s-30s represented by Liang Shuming and James Yen was a social initiative that was much neglected. It is of particular relevance to reconsider this intellectual heritage in post-development China. We will turn to this later in this essay.

地域サポート人材事業における定住促進のプロセスと課題

地域サポート人材事業における定住促進のプロセスと課題