Framework For Rural Development Research Articles

Rural planning evaluation and sustainable development potential in rural communes of Rehamna province (Morocco)

The evolution of rural settlement planning has the potential to improve regional sustainability through aligning components of human settlement ecosystems. In this study, we promoted the integration of sustainability in 23 rural communes of Rehamna province (central Morocco). We assessed rural development in four areas: location and infrastructure, resource availability, economic activity, and development constraints. The communes were divided into three categories based on their occupancy levels and planning directions: Vital Planning Area (VPA), Common Planning Area (PPA), and Initial Planning Area (IPA). The rural comprehensive development potential has maximum, minimum, and average values of 0.694, 0.176 and 0.429. The proportion of rural communes in low, medium, and high levels is 13.04%, 60.86%, 26.08%, and correspondingly. Due to their obvious location advantages, high level of integration between urban and rural development, and greater economic development vitality, communes that cross the mobility axe and have proximity to water resources more than make up for the drawback of the scarcity of background resources. As a result, these communes have good development potential. The second main hub of the province of Rehamna's urban development is in the north. The spatial distribution demonstrates the tendency to progressively increase around the center, adopting it as the core. This paper proposes a framework for rural communes to facilitate strategic spatial planning, providing a novel way to maximize rural development potential. Based on these findings, the paper suggests a new spatial framework for rural development that aims to enhance the development status of rural regions by addressing their planning needs. This study presents an analytical framework for government, institutions, stakeholders, and planners to construct effective rural development strategies, focusing on the essential indicators required for rural sustainability.

Examining the nuances of Huizhou architecture and building decoration elements within the framework of rural development and urban aesthetics through the application of object detection and explicative analysis

Examining the nuances of Huizhou architecture and building decoration elements within the framework of rural development and urban aesthetics through the application of object detection and explicative analysis

Production and reconstruction mechanism of consumption spaces in urban fringe areas under capital intervention: Evidence from Guangming town in Shenzhen

As the rapid urban expansion and the rise of consumer society, urban fringe areas have become an essential place for urban capital to intervene and achieve spatial regeneration, and it has triggered the consumerization and transformation of space. Taking Guangming Town in the urban fringe area of Shenzhen as an example, this paper reveals the process and dynamics of spatial consumerization transformation under the influence of capital intervention. It examines the intricate mechanisms of capital operation underlie the production of space, and endeavors to explore a novel model of rural spatial regeneration in China's urban fringe areas. This paper found that the production of space in Guangming Town under the capital intervention includes the material production and social relations production. With the reconstruction of spatial form and relationships, new local products, spatial configuration, social services and organizational relations are generated, forming a consumption space with heterogeneous landscape, market institutionalized management, commercialization and symbolization. The realization of the production of consumption space in urban fringe areas is based on the joint action of core elements such as land, capital and government, which provide the material foundation, operational power and coordination organization for space consumption. These promote capital to complete the triple cycle of “acquiring land - creating space scarcity - realizing space consumption”, and then realizing space reproduction and capital appreciation. In the Chinese context, the spatial transformation and production of urban fringe areas should not be regarded as a local practice of Western counter-urbanization or rural gentrification theory. Rather, it as a new spatial regeneration mode that harmonizes urban and rural production, lifestyles and development trajectories. This paper offers valuable practical insights and analytical perspectives for promoting integrated urban-rural development and fostering a new type of urbanization, thereby broadening the regional framework of rural development.

Korea’s Saemaul Undong Revisited as Rural Development Game for Poverty Eradication: A New Development Economics Perspective

The 2019 Nobel Prize in Economics for Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) has sparked the popularity of an experimental approach to poverty alleviation. This paper delves into this theme by revisiting the highly successful case of Korea’s Saemaul Undong (New Village Movement) during the 1970s, which served as a precursor to such experimental approaches in economic development. It presents a comprehensive model of rural development aimed at poverty eradication, emphasizing the vital role of three key entities: the villagers, village organizations, and government, all operating under the principles of economic discrimination outlined in the new general theory of economic development. As a framework for rural development, this trinity model offers potential enhancements to existing market-oriented and villager-centered rural development approaches, as well as to the RCT model.

The Crafting of the Dengist Rural Development Strategy in Post- Mao China: 1978-88

From the late 1970s for almost a decade post-Mao China witnessed momentous rural reforms. The focus on rural development emerged as it was no longer tenable to raise agricultural production with efficient costs and obtain a higher proportion of it for urban industrial supplies without attending to the peasants' interests and aspirations for a better standard of living. Any further muddling through the situation could have been politically costly for the party state. Post 1978, under Deng Xiaoping’s leadership a new rural development strategy was therefore devised, which was markedly different from the earlier Maoist strategy. This paper explores the course of the rural reforms since the Third Plenum that witnessed swift de-collectivization once reforms in the commune system were initiated and examines the party-state’s response to reforms induced emergent problems, to finally argue that under Deng’s leadership, the new framework of rural development that was instituted was informed by a logic of privatization, within the socialist economy that Mao had built. Contemporary China’s economic rise can be traced to these reforms.

Analysis of activity structure in Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County.

Agriculture has become multifunctional, its task is no longer only the production of healthy food, but it has also expanded with the functions of regional development, landscape management, environmental protection and tourism. This research seeks to explore the multifaceted nature of agriculture, extending beyond traditional food production, by investigating the interconnectedness of various functions, including energy conversion, utilization, and job creation, within the cohesive framework of rural development. According to another claim, agriculture cannot solve the problems of employment and job creation, but at the same time, it forms an economic basis for the quality of the cultural environment. Food production, energy conversion, use, and job creation systems form the unified structure of rural development. Their properties and characteristics, which are embodied in projects, can be interpreted in a system. This way of thinking prevails and strengthens even more when we examine spatial environments adjacent to borders since the connecting role and nature of development processes can be demonstrated for different social, economic and natural environments and its validity can be examined in adaptive solutions.

Does Household Financial Management of Independent Oil Palm Smallholders Promote Rural Development?

Sustainable production by independent oil palm smallholders links to the creation of goods and services using processes and systems that are resource-conserving, economically viable, and socially and creatively rewarding for all working people and consumers. However, there is limited efficiency in financial management and low resource allocation for rural finance operations to support the development of rural economies. This study tried to prove whether household financial management promotes rural development using the theories of transaction cost, financial transaction management, public expenditure management, and a rural development framework. This research was conducted in Sambas District, West Kalimantan, using a mixed method with purposive sampling and structured questionnaires administered to 200 independent oil palm smallholders. Multidimensional scaling and a structural equation model were employed to analyze the data. The results unveiled that household financial management promoted rural development due to its effects on accessibility and infrastructure for market opportunities, basic and public services, and governance regarding participation in agriculture meetings and training by the government. Governance emerged as the most direct effect of rural development as it contributed to livelihoods, community-based economic empowerment, human resources, and rural environmental problems. Operational and risk management came as the most influential factors in household financial management. Government played a role in engaging smallholders in supply chains, access to inputs, and households’ transition in confronting a variety of yields, unstable output and input prices, and changes in production technology. Innovative multi-actor collaborations were required to reinforce and provide a cloak for policy decisions.

Rural Development and Restructuring in Central China’s Rural Areas: A Case Study of Eco-Urban Agglomeration around Poyang Lake, China

This study aims to provide a scientific reference for rural reconstruction and revitalization in the areas covered by Eco-Urban Agglomeration Around Poyang Lake. Rural development and restructuring is a comprehensive process involving multiple elements and a long-time sequence. Accordingly, scientific knowledge concerning the evolution and characteristics of the spatial and temporal patterns of rural development and reconstruction is crucial for successively facilitating rural revitalization and ensuring the sustainable development of rural areas. In this study, a framework of rural development and restructuring was constructed for areas around Poyang Lake Eco-Urban Agglomeration based on the data regarding population, land, and industrial elements in the rural regional system, as well as the data of counties covered by Poyang Lake Eco-Urban Agglomeration. For this purpose, the entropy value and other research methods were used to analyze the level of rural development and the degree of rural reconstruction, as well as to identify the characteristics of rural reconstruction types. The study results revealed the following: (1) Rural Comprehensive Development Level has increased from 0.218 to 0.347, and the geographical development gap of the countryside has narrowed; however, the development level of each region and each factor continues to remain uneven. (2) The results demonstrated a wave-like advancement in the Rural Comprehensive Restructuring Degree, with a decreased Rural Population Restructuring Degree, an increased Rural Industry Restructuring Degree, and a decreased Rural Land Restructuring Degree. (3) Rural restructuring in the study area can be divided into six zones according to the level of rural development and the degree of rural restructuring, with Type I and Type III being the main types. Based on the above results, this research proposes optimizations for different rural development and reconstruction type zones.

Reconnecting the rural periphery and indigenous sago culture through tourism

Appreciation of cultural practices related to sago by indigenous peoples in the framework of rural development in Indonesia is still very limited. Rural development is currently based more on a modernization approach that focuses on economic growth with outsider control that results in massive industrial development without considering the conditions of the region, socio-culture, and the environment, including the neglect of indigenous peoples. This paper aims to critique the sago-based rural development approach and provide perspective on how indigenous tourism can be an alternative in supporting rural development by focusing on sustainable pillars and, at the same time, restoring lost connections through indigenous ways.

СТРАТЕГІЧНА СПРЯМОВАНІСТЬ РОЗВИТКУ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of rural territories. Their important role in the development of the national economy of Ukraine and its regions is outlined, which is primarily related to ensuring the country's food security and the production of ecologically clean (organic) food products. The author substantiates an integrated approach to the use of influence factors, in particular, natural resource, socio-ecological, economic, and human potential, which are interde-pendent and complementary and are aimed at ensuring a balanced development of rural territories and efficient agricultural management. It has been found that, in addition to the mentioned factors, an im-portant role is played by infrastructural support, the geographical location of rural areas, that is, their proximity to the borders with the member states of the European Union. It has been proven that, the implementation of an integrated approach to ensuring the balanced development of rural territories will help to overcome, and possibly level the differentiation in the development of local areas at both the regional and national levels. Attention is focused on the need to outline strategic prospects for the de-velopment of rural territories for a long-term period. However, nowadays, in the context of unpredicta-ble events and external influences, first of all, the state of war, there is a need to distinguish conceptual approaches to ensuring the balanced development of rural areas in accordance with the formed devel-opment strategy, but with the possibility of adjusting its individual aspects in real time. The process of forming an effective socio-bio-ecological-economic system within the framework of rural development needs to be intensified, which in the context of decentralization should include approaches to overcoming the differentiation of territorial and spatial development, taking into account the specifics and characteristics of individual regions. There is a need for interaction between the au-thorities, the community and interested persons with the possibility for the latter to independently make important decisions at the local level, i.e. within the bounds of the United Territorial Communities (UTCs), where each member of the community can make their own proposals for solving problematic issues of rural development. Attention is focused on the actualization of strategic approaches to ensuring balanced rural de-velopment, among which the management component, diversification of the rural economy, the for-mation of an optimal rural settlement network and improving the reproducibility of the population, so-cial protection of the rural population, improving living conditions and the quality of life of rural residents, improving their well-being are important and well-being, transport accessibility to peripheral areas, increasing the level of employment, in particular self-employment of the rural population in priority types of economic activity with the possibility of forming co-branding alliances.

Appalachian social entrepreneurship ecosystem: A framework for rural development

ABSTRACT This paper contributes to the gap in the understudied, but increasingly salient, topic of the development of social enterprise ecosystems (SEEs) in rural areas using the Appalachian Ohio SEE as a framework for understanding the development of rural SEEs. Building on prior studies of the successful rural entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) in Appalachian Ohio, this paper relates the relationship between the EE and SEE in Appalachian Ohio to the context of traditional economic and community development. The case studies reviewed here illustrate the importance of the social capital of regional champions, university as convener and place for ecosystem overlap, and multiple capitals approach to community regeneration. The commonalities identified among cases suggest that a fourth wave of economic development will depend on a healthy intersection of community and economic development that recognizes the need for maintaining real ecosystem services. The SEE framework is especially suited to catalyze this intersection.

Toward Water, Energy, and Food Security in Rural Indonesia: A Review

Indonesia is an archipelago with significant variations in natural resources, infrastructure, socioeconomic, culture, human resource capacity, accessibility, and access to financial and technical assistance. In this situation, integrated and unique efforts are needed to manage natural resources and build synergy between their protection and utilization to achieve water, energy, and food (WEF) security in accordance with the SDG targets. This paper analyzes the implementations of the WEF nexus in rural Indonesia by examining existing legal frameworks and other related policies, journals, textbooks, and publications. We explore factors influencing the success and failure of the implementation of the WEF nexus approaches from technical, socioeconomic, cultural, political, and institutional perspectives of the rural development framework.

Spatio‐temporal pattern and mechanism of coordinated development of “population–land–industry–money” in rural areas of three provinces in Northeast China

AbstractIn global pattern reconstruction, ecological civilization construction and integrated urban–rural development in the new era as well as outlining a new framework for rural development and promoting efficient operation of the coordination mechanism for rural development are urgently required. This paper considers three northeastern provinces of China as an example, attempts to analyze the relationship between the subsystems of rural development, and examines the coupling coordination mechanism of population, land, and industry money in the four‐dimensional system. It explores the evolution path and defects of rural development in Northeast China under the background of transformation from a systematic perspective. We found that the coupling degree of “population‐land‐industry‐money” in rural Northeast China is high, while the coordination degree is low. The degree of spatial and temporal differentiation of the coupling coordination degree gradually increases, and the rural development of each province is highly unbalanced. The results also indicate that the main reasons for the low level of the coupling coordination degree are improved land development levels, a relative shortage of labor force, backward industrial development, and increasingly weak rural investment levels. Finally, this paper illustrates that the main solutions to rural revitalization are stimulating rural investment through policies and promoting the revival of agriculture, with financial support as the starting point, before establishing the linkage and mutual feed development of “population‐land‐industry‐money” in rural areas. The results will help countries, especially developing countries, to further consider methods toward achieving rural development.

Estimation of the impact of CAP subsidies as environmental variables on Romanian farms

Romanian agriculture is characterised by the presence of small farm enterprises, with an average value of land capital of less than 5 hectares in more than 95% of cases. The aim of this research was to assess the level of technical efficiency in farming through a non-parametric approach such as the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), and also to estimate the impact that financial subsidies allocated under the first and second pillars of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) have had on the technical efficiency. In the application of this analysis, these two inputs have been considered as environmental variables in order to evaluate their effect in fostering the technical efficiency using a two-stage dea method. The results have revealed the pivotal impact of financial subsidies disbursed through the first and second pillars of cap in enhancing technical efficiency in the Romanian farms included in the fadn dataset. In contrast, the subsidies disbursed under only the second pillar of the CAP in the framework of rural development have not been found to have had any discernible effect on the technical efficiency of Romanian farms. The novelty of this quantitative approach in the estimation of technical efficiency lies in its focus on the role of environmental variables as drivers in affecting the technical efficiency of farms, defining, in addition, how important they are in addressing efficiency and in shifting enhancing the function of technical efficiency on farms as well.Some conclusions were drawn: it is important to increase the endowment of subsidies for rural development and as well as decoupled payments in order to raise the level of technical efficiency in Romanian farms. At the same time, the findings suggest the need for Romanian farmers to reduce the level of certain inputs, such as labour, on the one hand, while on the other, increasing the dimension size of farms in terms of land capital and encouraging greater investment in labor-saving technology, even if significant imbalances remain between different Romanian regions, both in terms of the level of technical efficiency achieved and also in terms of output yield, and in the endowment of land capital and other assets.

FORMULATION OF A MALAYSIA MODERN RURAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK: SYNERGISING RURAL FOR CHANGE

Malaysian government aims to transform rural areas into economic focal points, improves rural livelihoods, living environment and narrows the life quality gaps between those living in urban and rural areas. Inspired by the government directive-aspirations and the emergence of new technologies in national and global rural practices, this paper attempts to discuss the formulation of a framework for rural development in Malaysia based on a modern approach. The process undertakes two main stages, namely focused literature study and review of the national existing policies and strategies to identify the key assessment elements and criteria for modern rural development. The next stage was to conduct an expert view survey to validate the developed elements and criteria, and then formulate a Malaysia modern rural development framework (FMRD). The FMRD was finally formulated by incorporating the elements and criteria promoted in the national policies and strategies and integrating them with smart technologies and ICT practices to reflect a holistic approach for rural issues. This paper concludes that the FMRD is a timely approach for the rural assessment measure to maximise its performance towards the future niches in Malaysia - rural liveability-resilient-and-smart.

РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ИНТЕГРАЦИОННЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ ДЛЯ РАЗВИТИЯ СЕЛЬСКИХ ТЕРРИТОРИЙ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ АГРАРНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ

Modern trends in the development of management require the adoption of constructive decisions, new initiatives and developments to substantiate the optimal functioning of the organizational and economic mechanism of regional integration processes. A striking example of the formation and development of agro-industrial integration is the largest agroholding ROS AGRO PLC (Cyprus), engaged in agricultural, fat-and-oil, sugar, meat entrepreneurship, scientific activities. All its subjects have production potential, which ensures the solution of tasks related to the optimal functioning of the organizational and economic mechanism of integration processes. The identification and analysis of the economic effects of regional integration, the research of the interaction of integration structures and the assessment of regional integration models implemented in the agrarian economy will allow them to adapt to the conditions of the digital agrarian economy within the framework of rural development. The functions of participants in the vertical agrondustrial integration of one of the profitable, rapidly developing agricultural holdings located in the Volga region are grouped according to raw materials processing, transport directions, and the intro- duction of innovative developments. The high- lighted functions make it possible to improve the process of continuous interaction of subjects at all stages of the production cycle. Existing and developing forms of regional integration, characterized by a degree of freedom of movement within the grouping of factors of production, will generate a positive effect of the existence of integrated structures. Consideration of the scientific foundations of the development of regional integration, as well as a positive example of the functioning of agro-industrial integration in the region allows us to conclude that there is a need for active development of the mechanism of interaction of subjects of regional integration based on the consolidation of the production potential of rural areas.

Economic Activities for Repatriated Migrant Workers of India: A Framework for Rural Development

This paper's basic objective is to design a framework for the efficient accommodation of repatriated migrant workers in Odisha's rural sector (India). For this purpose, secondary data derived through content analysis have been analyzed and interpreted. Besides recognizing migrant workers' wishes and ascertaining their inbuilt skill sets, the framework will focus on skill mapping with the existing and would-be economic activities in the rural sector. Since the inflow of returnee migrant workers to the rural sector has been a crucial point of concern for respective state governments owing to the Covid-19 pandemic, all state governments are alert to addressing the issues of returnee migrants. The State of Odisha is not an exception to this concern. It has been putting all its efforts into accommodating all repatriated migrant workers in the rural sector's economic activities, but with no significant achievement. A framework embedded within the skills matrix will help accommodate returnee migrants to promote rural development against this backdrop. This study's findings will help policymakers shift focus from transfer payments to the creation of capital overheads.

Drivers of Land Abandonment in the Irish Uplands: A Case Study

Abstract Land abandonment is a complex multi-dimensional process with interlinked economic, environmental and social aspects. This paper presents a case study of an isolated hill sheep farming community in SW Ireland, where a combination of low incomes, ageing population, lack of successors and strong environmental constraints are perceived to be among the main factors leading to their demise. However, the uplands they have grazed for generations are of high nature conservation value, and depend on active management to maintain both their ecology and landscapes. The research, which is based on a combination of interviews and farming systems research, highlights the misfit between what the mountain can produce, light hill lamb, and what the globalised market demands. The paper argues that if ‘farming for conservation’ is the new function of such farming systems, then we should consider decoupling public goods payments from agricultural subsidies, along with integrating agriculture in disadvantaged areas within a broader rural development framework. The research aims to fill the gap between macro policy and the micro reality of an upland community on a self-declared ‘tipping point’.

Strategi Pemerintah Desa Untuk Meningkatkan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Rangka Pembangunan Desa (Studi pada Desa Kemamang Kecamatan Balen Kabupaten Bojonegoro)

Village Government Strategies to Increase Community Participation in the Framework of Rural Development. Community participation in Desa Kemamang appears in the implementation of the policy that is related to the development of the village, but in general the participation of people in Kemamang Village is less than the maximum. The purpose of this study is to know and describe the strategy of village government to increase community participation in the framework of village development in Kemamang Village Balen District Bojonegoro District. Data analysis in this research is done qualitative descriptive data analysis technique and to determine strategy done with SWOT analysis. The results show that based on SWOT matrix and SWOT analysis in Diagram, it is known that the right strategy to be applied by Kemamang Village Government of Balen District Bojonegoro Regency in increasing community participation in rural development is S-O strategy. The strategy is to build a shared commitment with the community and utilize the funds so that the realization of village infrastructure development can be completed soon. Keyword :Strategy of Village Government, Community Participation, Rural Development

Disease burden due to biomass cooking-fuel-related household air pollution among women in India

BackgroundHousehold air pollution (HAP) due to biomass cooking fuel use is an important risk factor for a range of diseases, especially among adult women who are primary cooks, in India. About 80% of rural households in India use biomass fuel for cooking. The aim of this study is to estimate the attributable cases (AC) for four major diseases/conditions associated with biomass cooking fuel use among adult Indian women.MethodsWe used the population attributable fraction (PAF) method to calculate the AC of chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis (TB), cataract, and stillbirths due to exposure to biomass cooking fuel. A number of data sources were accessed to obtain population totals and disease prevalence rates. A meta-analysis was conducted to obtain adjusted pooled odds ratios (ORs) for strength of association. Using this, PAF and AC were calculated using a standard formula. Results were presented as number of AC and 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsThe fixed effects pooled OR obtained from the meta-analysis were 2.37 (95% CI: 1.59, 3.54) for chronic bronchitis, 2.33 (1.65, 3.28) for TB, 2.16 (1.42, 3.26) for cataract, and 1.26 (1.12, 1.43) for stillbirths. PAF varied across conditions being maximum (53%) for chronic bronchitis in rural areas and least (1%) for cataract in older age and urban areas. About 2.4 (95% CI: 1.4, 3.1) of 5.6 m cases of chronic bronchitis, 0.3 (0.2, 0.4) of 0.76 m cases of TB, 5.0 (2.8, 6.7) of 51.4 m cases of cataract among adult Indian women and 0.02 (0.01, 0.03) of 0.15 m stillbirths across India are attributable to HAP due to biomass cooking fuel. These estimates should be cautiously interpreted in the light of limitations discussed which relate to exposure assessment, exposure characterization, and age-specific prevalence of disease.ConclusionsHAP due to biomass fuel has diverse and major impacts on women's health in India. Although challenging, incorporating the agenda of universal clean fuel access or cleaner technology within the broader framework of rural development will go a long way in reducing disease burden.