Rumination In Adolescents Research Articles

Fears of positive and negative evaluation and their within-person associations with emotion regulation in adolescence: A longitudinal analysis.

Fear of positive evaluation (FPE) has recently emerged as an important aspect of social anxiety, alongside fear of negative evaluation. These evaluation fears peak during adolescence, a developmental stage that is also often accompanied by difficulties in emotion regulation, thereby increasing young individuals' vulnerability to mental disorders, such as social anxiety. We aimed to examine the longitudinal within-person associations between fears of evaluation, social anxiety, and three emotion regulation strategies (i.e., acceptance, suppression, rumination) in adolescents. Data were collected from a sample of 684 adolescents through an online survey three times over the course of 6 months and were analyzed using random intercept cross-lagged panel models. At the between-person level, FPE was linked to all three emotion regulation strategies, whereas fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety were associated with acceptance and rumination. At the within-person level, difficulties in accepting emotions predicted FPE, suppression predicted social anxiety, and social anxiety predicted rumination over time. These findings reveal complex interdependencies between emotion regulation, social anxiety, and evaluation fears, both reflecting individual differences and predicting changes within individuals, and further elucidate the developmental trajectory of social anxiety in adolescence.

Depression, Rumination, and Suicide Attempts in Adolescents With Mood Disorders: Sex Differences in This Relationship.

Depression, Rumination, and Suicide Attempts in Adolescents With Mood Disorders: Sex Differences in This Relationship.

Identifying the risk of depression in a large sample of adolescents: An artificial neural network based on random forest.

This study aims to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) prediction model incorporating random forest (RF) screening ability for predicting the risk of depression in adolescents and identifies key risk factors to provide a new approach for primary care screening of depression among adolescents. The data were from a large cross-sectional study conducted in China from July to September 2021, enrolling 8635 adolescents aged 10-17 with their parents. We used the Patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) to rate adolescent depression symptoms, using scales and single-item questions to collect demographic information and other variables. Initial model variables screening used the RF importance assessment, followed by building prediction model using the screened variables through the ANN. The rate of depression symptoms in adolescents was 24.6%, and the depression risk prediction model was built based on 70% of the training set and 30% of the test set. Ten variables were included in the final prediction model with a model accuracy of 85.03%, AUC of 0.892, specificity of 89.79%, and sensitivity of 70.81%. The top 10 significant factors of depression risk were adolescent rumination, adolescent self-esteem, adolescent mobile phone addiction, peer victimization, care in parenting styles, overprotection in parenting styles, academic pressure, conflict in parent-child relationship, parental rumination, and relationship between parents. The ANN model based on the RF effectively identifies depression risk in adolescents and provides a methodological reference for large-scale primary screening. Cross-sectional studies and single-item scales limit further improvements in model accuracy.

Attachment-based Therapy on Emotional Autonomy, Emotion Regulation and Rumination in Adolescents With Depression Symptoms

Attachment-based Therapy on Emotional Autonomy, Emotion Regulation and Rumination in Adolescents With Depression Symptoms

The Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Behavior in Adolescents with Depression: The Mediating Role of Rumination.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) behavior is very common in adolescents with depression, and childhood trauma is considered one of the distal risk factors for its exacerbation. Rumination caused by adverse traumatic experiences, which can be transferred through NSSI behavior, can alleviate symptoms of depression in adolescents. The current research focuses on the relationship between the three, further exploring whether rumination is a mediator in the relationship between childhood trauma and NSSI behavior on the basis of previous studies, and provides some suggestions for future early intervention for adolescents with depression. A total of 833 adolescent patients with depression who met the DSM-5 criteria for depressive episode were recruited from 12 hospitals in China. The Chinese version of the Function Assessment of Self-mutilation, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and Rumination Inventory were used as research tools. The scores of childhood trauma and rumination in adolescents with depression in the NSSI group were higher than those in the non-NSSI group. A Pearson's correlation analysis showed that childhood trauma was positively correlated with rumination (r=0.165, P<0.01), different types of childhood trauma were significantly positively correlated with rumination and its three factors, and these results were statistically significant. Rumination partially mediated the relationship between childhood trauma and NSSI behavior in depressed adolescent patients (effect size=0.002), and the effect in female participants (effect size=0.003), was greater than that in male participants (effect size=0.002). Childhood trauma and rumination were key factors for NSSI behavior in adolescents with depression. Childhood trauma not only has a direct effect on NSSI behavior in adolescent depression, but also plays an indirect effect on NSSI behavior through rumination.

The effect of slow wave sleep deprivation on mood in adolescents with depressive symptoms: A pilot study

BackgroundThere is an urgent need for safe, rapid-acting treatment strategies for adolescent depression. In depressed adults, slow wave sleep deprivation (SWSD) improved next-day mood without disrupting sleep duration, but SWSD has not been tested in adolescents. In a pilot study, the aim was to assess the effect of SWSD on sleep physiology and mood outcomes (depression, rumination, anhedonia) among adolescents with depressive symptoms. MethodsSixteen adolescents (17.44 ± 1.46 yr, 12 female) completed three nights of polysomnographic sleep recording: Baseline, SWSD, and Recovery nights. Acoustic stimulation (tones of random pitch, duration, and volume) suppressed slow wave sleep (SWS) in real-time during SWSD. After each night, depression, rumination, and anhedonia severity were assessed. ResultsSWSD successfully suppressed SWS, increased N2, and had minimal impact on Rapid Eye Movement (REM), nocturnal awakenings, and total sleep time. While SWSD did not improve depression or anhedonia severity overall, lower baseline non-REM alpha activity and greater SWS rebound during recovery sleep correlated with SWSD-related reduction in clinician-rated depression severity. Next-day rumination severity decreased after SWSD, with sustained improvements following recovery sleep. However, rumination improvement was not associated with SWS suppression, but rather reduction in total sleep time and REM in exploratory correlation models. LimitationsSmall sample size and large proportion of females. ConclusionSWSD did not improve depression in adolescents overall but a subset with low non-REM alpha activity and intact homeostatic sleep regulation may benefit from this approach. Findings from this pilot study also suggest that partial sleep deprivation may be a beneficial therapeutic strategy for rumination in adolescents.

Moral Disengagement Moderates the Relationship Between Anger Rumination and Bullying Behavior in Adolescents

Bullying is an act of verbal, nonverbal, and physical violence. The cause is not trusting each other so that they bully each other even though the problem is trivial. In adolescence, individuals begin to have more abstract and reasonable thoughts, as well as the ability to draw conclusions from events. However, at this age emotions are still relatively unstable so that at this stage many are controlled by the emotions that exist in themselves. Teenagers who are victims of bullying tend to reflect on the distress they have experienced. They have a tendency to remember bad things that have happened in their lives and find it difficult to forget them, which is commonly called rumination. Previous research with child and adolescent subjects found that adolescents who experience victimization more often tend to experience rumination that causes anger and sadness. Moral Disengagement is considered a cognitive process that individuals use to justify behavior that they know is wrong. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of Moral Disengagement in moderating the relationship between anger rumination and bullying behavior in adolescents. This research uses a quantitative approach with a research design using ex-post facto which is carried out after a phenomenon occurs. Based on the results of the study, it was found that anger rumination has a significant role in the emergence of bullying behavior in bullying victims (Sig. 0.000 &lt; 0.005). The results of this study support previous research on rumination and anger rumination in the development of bullying behavior. Interaction between variables X and Y is not significant, P = 0.886 (&gt;0.05) which means that anger rumination does not affect bullying. Likewise, the interaction between variables M and Y is also not significant, P = 0.7945 (&gt;0.05) which means that moral disagreement variables do not affect bullying behavior. The results of the research show that anger rumination plays a non-significant role in the emergence of bullying behavior in bullying victims (Sig. 0.8836 &lt; 0.005). The results of this study do not prove the effect of anger rumination on the emergence of bullying behavior. This result is not in accordance with previous research on rumination and anger rumination affecting the emergence of bullying behavior.&#x0D; Keywords: anger rumination, bullying, moral disengagement

Orbital frontal cortex functional connectivity during gain anticipation linking the rumination and non-suicidal self-injury in late adolescence

ObjectiveNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent and especially among the adolescence population. It has been argued that abnormal brain activations in reward processing could be regarded as objective biomarkers in NSSI, but the evidence is mixed. This study aims to explore the reward processing mechanism of NSSI from the perspective of functional brain circuitry and investigate the role of a cognitive factor (rumination). MethodSeventy-one 17–21 years old participants performed a monetary incentive delay (MID) task during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis was used to test the inner-group differences of brain functional connectivity. In addition, a mediation model was established with the mediation effect of rumination on the relationship between functional brain circuitry and NSSI. ResultsPPI analysis suggested that functional connectivity of the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) (with precuneus, SMA) was significantly enhanced in NSSI in the gain > loss contrast, but not in the loss > gain contrast. Mediation analysis revealed that rumination mediated the relationship between NSSI and the OFC- precuneus functional connectivity in the gain > loss contrast. ConclusionOur research revealed that the abnormal OFC functional connectivity in gain (not loss) anticipation can be served as the sensitive biomarkers of NSSI. And there was a chain path for NSSI, that was from functional brain circuitry to negative cognition and then to problem behavior.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Stress and Rumination in Adolescents with Cancer

Objective: Considering the necessity to identify effective interventions to improve stress and rumination in students, the current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based stress reduction program with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on stress and rumination in adolescents with cancer. Methods and Materials: The research method was a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test with a control group design. The research population included all adolescents with cancer at Mahak Hospital in Tehran, from which 40 individuals were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups (1- Mindfulness-based stress reduction training; 2- Transcranial direct current stimulation intervention; 3- A combined method of mindfulness-based stress reduction with transcranial direct current stimulation) and one control group. The instruments for data collection included the Lovibond and Lovibond's (1995) Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale and the Ruminative Response Scale about an interpersonal upset (2008). For data analysis, one-way analysis of covariance, repeated measures analysis of variance, and the least significant difference post-hoc test were used. Findings: The results of the covariance analysis along with the post-hoc tests showed that there is no significant difference between the mindfulness-based stress reduction method and tDCS in reducing stress levels (P&gt;0.05), and only the difference between these methods compared to the control group was significant (P&lt;0.05). In terms of the effectiveness of the interventions under study on stress levels, the combined method was more effective than using each method separately. Regarding the rumination variable, there was no significant difference between the mindfulness-based stress reduction method and the tDCS method in reducing the level of rumination (P&gt;0.05), and only the difference of this mindfulness method compared to the control group was significant (P&lt;0.05). The results of the repeated measures analysis of variance along with the post-hoc tests indicated that there were no significant differences between the post-test and follow-up stages for stress and rumination variables (P&gt;0.05); hence, the results were stable. Conclusion: Based on the results of the current study, counseling and psychology units established in hospitals and oncology clinics need to be more aware of the mental health of adolescents with cancer and should use the combined method of mindfulness-based stress reduction with tDCS to improve stress and rumination in adolescents with cancer.

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Cognitive Distortions and Rumination in Adolescents With Social Anxiety Disorder

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Cognitive Distortions and Rumination in Adolescents With Social Anxiety Disorder

Self-regulatory control processes in youths: A temporal network analysis approach.

This study aimed to better understand the temporal interrelationships among self-control, response inhibition, and anger (i.e., momentary state and rumination) on both the within- and between-person levels in male adolescents. We applied temporal network analyses among 62 male adolescents with a wide range of behavioral difficulties. Self-control, momentary anger, and anger rumination were mapped by self-report measures, whereas we measured response inhibition through an ambulatory Go/No-go task (two measures a day-morning and afternoon-over a 9-day period). Temporal network analysis, at the within-person level, revealed that morning measures of response inhibition, anger rumination, and self-control were related to the corresponding measure in the afternoon. More efficient response inhibition in the morning was associated with higher self-control in the afternoon. Higher anger rumination in the morning led to higher momentary anger in the afternoon. In a concurrent within-person network, higher momentary anger was reciprocally associated with lower self-control. At the between-person level, higher momentary anger was correlated to higher anger rumination, lower response inhibition, and lower self-control. This study provides insight into the dynamic interactions among self-control, response inhibition, and anger (momentary state and rumination) in male adolescents, advancing the understanding of self-regulatory control functioning.

Rumination and Depression in Chinese Adolescents With Mood Disorders: The Mediating Role of Resilience.

Rumination and Depression in Chinese Adolescents With Mood Disorders: The Mediating Role of Resilience.

Daily Rumination and Diurnal Cortisol in Latino Adolescents: The Role of Bicultural Competence and Gender

Rumination is a transdiagnostic risk factor for internalizing disorders and is hypothesized to influence psychopathology through alterations in physiological stress systems (i.e., hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis). The current study examined daily and spillover effects of rumination on diurnal cortisol patterns and investigated how bicultural competence and gender moderated those associations. Salivary cortisol was collected five times per day for three weekdays in a sample of 206 Latino adolescents (Mage=18.10, SD=0.41; 64.4% female). Daily diaries assessed daily rumination and perceived stress, and demographics and bicultural competence were assessed via self-report questionnaires. Diurnal cortisol patterns were modeled using three-level growth curve analyses. Illustrating spillover effects, ruminating more than usual about stress/problems one night was linked with flatter next-day diurnal slopes (γ=.119, p<.01). Gender significantly moderated associations between same-day rumination and diurnal cortisol patterns. When females ruminated more than usual about stress/problems, they exhibited a greater cortisol awakening response (CAR; γ=.046, p<.01). Males exhibited a smaller CAR on days when they ruminated more than usual about their feelings (γ=-.067, p<.05). Bicultural competence was not a significant moderator of associations. Findings suggest spillover effects and gender differences in the relation of rumination and diurnal cortisol activity in Latino adolescents. Efforts to identify adolescents at-risk for psychopathology should consider the interplay of detrimental emotion regulation styles and gender that contribute to greater physiological stress at a daily level.

The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on rumination in self-harming adolescents without suicidal intent

The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on rumination in self-harming adolescents without suicidal intent

Sleep problems in adolescents with depression: Role of childhood trauma, alexithymia, rumination, and self-esteem

BackgroundWhile sleep problems are common in adolescents with depression, the exact prevalence has not been reported. Although previous studies have shown that childhood trauma, alexithymia, rumination, and self-esteem are related to sleep problems, the interactions between these factors remain unclear. MethodsThis study, conducted from March 1, 2021 to January 20, 2022, employed a cross-sectional design. The participants were 2192 adolescents with depression with a mean age of 15 years. The Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20, Ruminative Response Scale, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale were used to measure sleep problems, childhood trauma, alexithymia, rumination, and self-esteem, respectively. We used PROCESS 3.3 for SPSS to determine the chain mediating effect of alexithymia and rumination and the moderating effect of self-esteem in the relationship between childhood trauma and sleep problems. ResultsUp to 70.71 % of adolescents with depression had sleep problems. Furthermore, alexithymia and rumination played a chain mediation role in the relationship between childhood trauma and sleep problems. Finally, self-esteem moderated the relationships between alexithymia and sleep problems and rumination and sleep problems. LimitationsOwing to the study design, we cannot derive causal relationships between variables. Further, the self-reported data may have been influenced by subjective participant factors. ConclusionsThis study reveals potential ways of how childhood trauma influences sleep problems in adolescents with depression. These findings suggest that interventions targeting alexithymia, rumination, and self-esteem in adolescents with depression may be effective in reducing their sleep problems.

Bulimia symptoms and anger and aggression among adolescents

BackgroundPrevious research has indicated that anger and aggression may be elevated in adolescents with a bulimia nervosa (BN) diagnosis. However, as yet, little is known about whether bulimia symptoms are linked to anger and aggression in adolescents in the general population. To address this deficit this study aimed to explore the associations between a clinical level of bulimia symptoms (CLBS) and anger, anger rumination and aggression in community-based adolescents, and determine whether gender is important in this context.MethodsThis study was conducted on a representative sample of youth from northwestern Russia (n = 2613, age 13–17 years old, 59.5% female) using self-report scales. A proxy variable for a CLBS was created using the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale. Aggression, anger and anger rumination were assessed by the Trait Anger Scale of the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory, the Anger Rumination Scale, and scales created to assess physically and verbally aggressive behavior. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to examine the associations between the study variables.ResultsA CLBS was more prevalent in girls than in boys (13.4% vs. 3.5%). The association with anger and aggression was stronger in both genders with a CLBS, compared to those adolescents without a CLBS. In the CLBS group, boys as compared to girls scored higher on verbal and physical aggression, anger rumination and social aggression. In both the CLBS and Non-CLBS groups higher anger and aggression scores were associated with increasing age.ConclusionsFindings suggest that aggression and anger rumination are elevated in adolescents with BN symptoms, and that the associations between anger, aggression and BN symptoms may be stronger in boys. As previous research has indicated that the presence of aggressive behaviors may affect the prognosis of BN and complicate management of the disorder, clinician screening for these behaviors in adolescents with BN symptoms may facilitate the provision of more effective treatment, especially among boys.

The Role of Expressing Feelings in the Relationship between Dissociative Findings and Rumination in Late Adolescence

The Role of Expressing Feelings in the Relationship between Dissociative Findings and Rumination in Late Adolescence

Negative association between non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents and default mode network activation during the distraction blocks of a rumination task.

Rumination, or repetitive and habitual negative thinking, is associated with psychopathology and related behaviors in adolescents, including non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Despite the link between self-reported rumination and NSSI, there is limited understanding of how rumination is represented at the neurobiological level among youth with NSSI. We collected neuroimaging and rumination data from 39 adolescents with current or past NSSI and remitted major depression. Participants completed a rumination induction fMRI task, consisting of both rumination and distraction blocks. We examined brain activation associated with total lifetime NSSI in the context of the rumination versus distraction contrast. Lifetime NSSI was associated with a greater discrepancy in activation during rumination relative to distraction conditions in clusters including the precuneus, posterior cingulate, superior, and middle frontal gyrus, and cerebellum. Difficulties associated with rumination in adolescents with NSSI may be related to requiring greater cognitive effort to distract from ruminative content in addition to increased attention in the context of ruminative content. Increasing knowledge of neurobiological circuits and nodes associated with rumination and their relationship with NSSI may enable us to better tailor interventions that can facilitate lasting well-being and neurobiological change.

Early Emergence of Rumination has no Association with Performance on a Non-affective Inhibitory Control Task.

Rumination is a vulnerability for depression and potentially linked to inhibitory control weaknesses. We aimed to replicate the association observed in adults between inhibitory control and rumination in adolescents, and to examine putative moderating roles of childhood maltreatment and perceived family cohesion in an adolescent sample at risk for depression due to familial/personal history. Ninety adolescents aged 11-17 (M = 14.6, SD = 1.8) completed self-report scales of rumination, maltreatment, and family cohesion, and performed a task assessing inhibitory control. Hierarchical regression models showed no significant relation between inhibitory control and moderator variables on rumination. However, adolescents who reported higher levels of maltreatment and who perceived lower family cohesion tended to indicate higher levels of rumination (BChilhood Maltreatment = 27.52, 95% CIs [5.63, 49.41], BFamily Cohesion = -0.40, 95% CIs [-0.65, -0.15]). These findings demonstrate an alternative understanding of factors that increase depression onset risk and recurrence in adolescents.

The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on rumination in self-harming adolescents without suicidal intent

Background and Aim: Self-harm with non-suicidal intent is a conscious behavior in which a person damages her own body tissues and can have many consequences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) on the rumination of self-harming adolescents without suicidal intent. Methods: The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included 16-18-year-old students (boys and girls) of high schools in Sari city. From this population, 100 people were selected by available sampling method, and among them 28 people who had obtained the highest scores in the non-suicidal self-injury questionnaire (NNSI), following the entry criteria, were selected in a simple random manner in a group. An experimental and a control group (each group includes 14 people) were appointed. The experimental group received cognitive-behavioral therapy in a group method during 12 90-minute sessions, and the control group did not receive any intervention until the post-test. The tools used in this research included the non-suicidal self-injury questionnaire (Klonsky and Glenn, 2011) and Nolen Hoeksma's rumination questionnaire (1991). The data obtained in the two stages of pre-test and post-test were analyzed using SPSS-22 software by analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy has led to a reduction in rumination. Conclusion: The results of the research provide evidence that cognitive-behavioral therapy is a suitable method for reducing rumination in self-harming adolescents without suicidal intent and can lead to the improvement of their mental health.