Ruby Laser Radiation Research Articles

4A5 - Radiation interactions between laser oscillators with different active elements and different frequency

This paper presents a novel problem in laser dynamics, where two lasers using different active material with different frequency produce radiation interaction. In the first experiment, we performed a study on the effect of radiation coupling of the giant pulse ruby laser on the Nd3+-glass laser under normal oscillation. It was found that the sudden enchancement followed by the quenching of oscillation in the Nd3+-glass makes a short, intense pulse, which was one order of magnitude or more larger than usual oscillating spikes, after the excitation by the Q -switched ruby laser light. In order to explain this result, the fluorescence study of the Nd3+-glass in the range of the visible and near infrared spectrum was arranged by employing the giant pulse ruby laser as an exciting source. This measurement has led to valuable information on the energy levels of the Nd3+-ion in the glass host through the new observation of fluorescence lines in the visible spectral region. Hence it was found that the ruby laser radiation is properly responsible for two upward transitions from the ground state in the Nd3+-glass, and thereby such radiation coupling yields the sudden enhanced emission in the laser output.

OCULAR HAZARDS OF LASER RADIATION

Abstract : Rabbit eyes were directly exposed to one-half millisecond bursts of 6943A ruby laser radiation. Threshold dosages, i.e. those energy flux densities incident upon the retina that produced threshold lesions, were measured and the results compared to theory. Preliminary estimates of threshold dosages are reported for direct exposure to one-half millisecond bursts of 1.06 micron neodymium laser radiation, and for direct exposure to continuous radiation at 6328A from a heliumneon gaseous discharge laser. A theoretical description is presented of the variation in retinal dosage occurring when the human eye directly views a variety of laser beams. The formalism is extended to include viewing diffusely reflected laser beams. (Author)

Optical Rectification

Optical rectification, which is the production of a steady polarization in certain crystals by the action of an intense optical electric field, was first observed in crystals of K${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$P${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ upon transmission of ruby-laser radiation. The present paper describes measurements for several crystals, which have been accomplished with an improved version of the original technique. Values for the appropriate macroscopic coefficients are: (${{X}_{\mathrm{zxy}}}^{0}+{{X}_{\mathrm{zyx}}}^{0}$) (K${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$P${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$)=5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ esu; (${{X}_{\mathrm{zxy}}}^{0}+{{X}_{\mathrm{zyx}}}^{0}$) (K${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$P${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$)=10.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ esu; ${{X}_{\mathrm{zxx}}}^{0}$ (CdS)=45\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ esu; ${{X}_{\mathrm{zzz}}}^{0}$ (CdS)=35\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ esu; ${{X}_{\mathrm{zxx}}}^{0}$ [Cd(${\mathrm{S}}_{0.75}$+${\mathrm{Se}}_{0.25}$)]=145\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ esu; and (${{X}_{\mathrm{zxy}}}^{0}+{{X}_{\mathrm{zyx}}}^{0}$) (ZnTe)=365\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}$ esu. These absolute values are considered reliable only to within a factor 3, owing largely to uncertainty in determining the ruby-laser beam intensity. The relative values, however, are considered to be reliable within 50%. These results are compared with theoretical predictions and found to be consistent with the currently accepted quantum-mechanical theory of nonlinear optical phenomena. In particular, the intimate connection between the linear electro-optic effect (Pockel's effect) and optical rectification now appears to be firmly established. The theory can also be used, with some severe approximations, to yield crude predictions of the relative values obtained in the present experiments.

Reflection of ruby laser radiation from explorer XXII

Reflection of ruby laser radiation from explorer XXII

EFFECTS OF HIGH-POWER GREEN LASER RADIATION ON CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE.

THE availability of high-power, coherent radiation at new wave-lengths, by means of non-linear optics, has made possible new experiments in the field of radiation effects on cells in tissue culture. It has been shown1,2, by exposure of melanin granules to ruby radiation at 6943 A and its harmonic at 3471 A, that injury sustained by cells in tissue culture is strongly dependent on wave-length. This confirmed the observations by Bessis et al.3 that erythrocytes were destroyed by ruby laser radiation while unstained leucocytes were not affected. Because particular cellular constituents such as pigment granules, haemoglobin and reduced cytochromes b and c show absorption at 5300 A, there was great interest in exploring the radiation effects from the second harmonic output at 5300 A of neodymium (Nd) Q-switched lasers. In the work reported here, a variety of cell types were irradiated with power density at this wave-length in the range of 0.05–100 MW/cm2 to observe their response.

The laser, a unique oncolytic entity

From these experiments it appears as though both the ruby and neodymium laser radiation have an oncolytic effect on the experimental tumor systems tested. There is definite evidence of a tumor size laser energy relationship that must be exceeded in order to destroy a given tumor implant permanently.

The effect of ruby laser radiation on the cloudman S-91 melanoma in the CDBA/2F1 hybrid mouse

CancerVolume 17, Issue 10 p. 1305-1309 ArticleFree Access The effect of ruby laser radiation on the cloudman S-91 melanoma in the CDBA/2F1 hybrid mouse John Peter Minton M.D., John Peter Minton M.D. Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, of the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md.Search for more papers by this authorAlfred S. Ketcham M.D., Alfred S. Ketcham M.D. Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, of the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md.Search for more papers by this author John Peter Minton M.D., John Peter Minton M.D. Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, of the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md.Search for more papers by this authorAlfred S. Ketcham M.D., Alfred S. Ketcham M.D. Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, of the National Institutes of Health, Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md.Search for more papers by this author First published: October 1964 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(196410)17:10<1305::AID-CNCR2820171013>3.0.CO;2-PCitations: 16AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume17, Issue10October 1964Pages 1305-1309 ReferencesRelatedInformation

A comparison of the effect of microsecond and nanosecond ruby laser radiation on rat tissues and mouse melanoma: A preliminary report

<h2>Summary</h2> Tissues of living mice and rats were exposed to ruby laser radiation in the microsecond and nanosecond time range. The results indicated that pigmented tissues were affected by both forms of laser radiation. Darkly pigmented tissues could be vaporized with the nanosecond laser beams. Nanosecond laser radiation was shown to transmit energy through poorly pigmented tissues to underlying pigmented tissues and cause tissue destruction similar to that produced by the microsecond laser beam.