This study investigated larval infection of malaria mosquitoes with microsporidia of the genus Parathelohania Codreanu, 1966 in water bodies of the Ob-Irtysh basin during the summer seasons of 2020-2022 yy.A total of 4576 larval specimens from 54 water bodies were analyzed.Microsporidian infection was found in three of the four species of malaria mosquitoes recorded in West Siberia, namely: Anopheles messeae Falleroni, 1926, An. daciae Linton, Nicolescu, Harbach, 2004, and An.beklemishevi Stegnii, Kabanova, 1976.Overall infection prevalence (IP) ranged from 0.14-15.78% and amounted to 2.97 0.02 %, with varying IP values for An.messeae (IP = 0.78 0.01 %), An. daciae (IP = 0.81 0.1%), and Anopheles beklemishevi (IP = 0.13 0.06 %).The highest prevalence was observed in water bodies of the middle (IP = 2.36 0.02 %) and upper Ob (IP = 2.28 0.02 %) basins, while the lowest prevalence was recorded in the lower Ob basin (IP = 1.63 0.07 %), which shows a statistically signifi cant diff erence between these groups.The prevalence across years remained consistently low with insignifi cant fl uctuations, and epizootic events were extremely rare.This study presents the fi rst report of microsporidian infection in An. daciae mosquitoes, with infection prevalence comparable to that observed in An. messeae.Ultrastructural analysis identifi ed four microsporidian species of the genus Parathelohania, namely:

Barely visible flower bud galls of Deutzia floribunda Nakai (Hydrangeaceae) were found in Kumamoto Prefecture, Kyushu, Japan. Morphological and molecular analyses indicated that the gall inducer is Pseudasphondylia tominagai Elsayed & Tokuda, 2019 (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae), previously known only to form galls on Eleutherococcus spinosus (L.f.) S.Y.Hu (Araliaceae) in Honshu, Japan. This study marks the first report of a species of Pseudasphondylia Monzen, 1955 on Hydrangeaceae, having host plants from different families and establishing D. floribunda as a new host record for P. tominagai.

Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd; genus Pospiviroid) was detected from pepper (Capsicum annuum) seeds produced in Vietnam, during an export inspection. The PSTVd isolate maintained its viability. To investigate the phylogenetic relationship between PSTVd-VN and other PSTVd variants isolated from other plants, the PSTVd isolate was classi ed into lethal and severe strains. Inoculated tomatoes (cv. Rutgers) caused severe stunting, with necrosis of the stems and leaf veins. Although the inoculated pepper plants were asymptomatic, the fruits were smaller than the healthy ones. To our knowledge, this is the rst report of PSTVd from pepper seeds produced in Vietnam. Viroids are unencapsidated, single-stranded, circular RNA consisting of 246-401 nucleotides. Among plant pathogens, they are the smallest pathogens and belong to two families (Pospiviroidae and Avsunviroidae) (Flores et al. 2005) . The genus Pospiviroid in the family Pospiviroidae consists of nine species, of which one is the potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) (Full ICTV Report on the Genus Pospiviroid; https://ictv.global/report/chapter/pospiviroidae/pospiviroidae/pospiviroid). Although PSTVd was originally reported in North America, it has spread to Africa, Asia, Europe, and South America (Smith et al. 1997) . In recent years, PSTVd has been identi ed in several countries, and new viroids are being continuously discovered (Kinoga et al. 2021; Matsushita et al. 2021; Sial and Khan 2018) . PSTVd infects various host plants and causes stunting, leaf chlorosis, leaf epinasty, fruit distortion, and stem and leaf necrosis in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and potatoes (S. tuberosum) (Hadidi et al. 2003; Singh et al. 2003) . Viroids spread mechanically through plant sap, grafting, and transmission through seeds and pollen (Matsushita et al. 2018 ). Among these, seed transmission is an important

Anomalies in natural amphibian populations have been reported for over 400 species from around the world. ese anomalies are dif cult to register and their observations are still scarce for most species and regions, due mainly to their fortuitous nature. Here, we present three new records of morphological anomalies in bufonids from northeastern Brazil. is is the rst study to report ocular anomalies (anophthalmy and cataract) in Rhinella diptycha and the rst report of an anomaly in Rhinella mirandaribeiroi in Brazil.

Grape is an important crop due to its consumption as fresh fruit as well as the secondary products developed from the berries such as wines, jams, juice, jellies, and vinegar. Postharvest losses in grapes can adversely affect their market value and the quality of the secondary products developed from grapes. These losses can be due to pathogenic infections and other damage due to improper handling and storage practices. During a brief survey of the cold storage facilities of the Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences, grape berries showing postharvest rot symptoms were collected. Further onsite observations suggested that the disease was postharvest pink mold rot caused by Trichothecium roseum. Trichothecium roseum is an asexually reproducing soil-borne fungus with an unknown sexual morph. This fungus is known to cause postharvest diseases in many fruits and vegetables around the world. Our objective in this study was to report the fi rst occurrence of pink rot on grapes caused by T. roseum with molecular phylogeny, morphological studies, and pathogenicity tests. Also, this is the fi rst report of T. roseum from grapes in China.

This is a rst report about the diversity of micromycetes associated with living thalli of the edible red algae Palmaria palmata (dulse). We collected samples in the Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea at upper (10 thalli in the littoral) and lower (10 thalli in the sublittoral) lines of this species distribution. The work was carried out by cultural methods, fungi were isolated from the surface of thalli. From one thallus from 0 to 55 colonies belongs to 0-24 morphotypes were isolated. The total diversity was 52 morphotypes, of which 48 were mycelia and 4 were yeast. All identi ed yeasts belong to Basidiomycota; among lamentous fungi, 2 species belongs to Zygomycota, and the rest belongs to Ascomycota, the vast majority of which are represented by anamorphic stages. The most diverse genera were Acremonium (10 morphotypes), Penicillium (9) and Cladosporium (6); the most numerous are Acremonium (158 colonies) and Cladosporium (103 colonies). Acremonium fuci is the most common species on the studied thalli (122 colonies on 15 thalli). The most important factor for the formation of the surface mycobiota of dulse is the habitat: littoral and sublittoral algal populations di er signicantly in the fungal communities number and structure. The thalli of the littoral population are much richer in fungi. The mycobiota of littoral samples in dominated by dark-colored species, as well as Acremonium fuci and Sarocladium strictum. While the mycobiota of sublittoral samples is dominated by lightcolored species, and most of the isolated yeasts were also founded here.

Lilium leichtlinii var. maximowiczii is commonly known as the edible lily or sweet lily. Bulbs of this edible lily are frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine, and they are revered for their nutritional content. As of 2018, brown rot disease on cultivated L. leichtlinii var. maximowiczii bulbs has become a disease of concern in Jilin Province, China, with a disease incidence of 29.43%. The bulbs infected with brown rot disease appear as large, regularly shaped, and yellow-brown or black-brown lesions. However, the causal agent is not yet known. Therefore, this study aims to confi rm both the causal pathogen by using Koch’s postulates and to further establish, to the species level, the identity of this organism via morphological and molecular methods. The pathogen was later identifi ed as Trichoderma hamatum. Healthy bulbs were inoculated with T. hamatum, which produced the initial disease symptoms with brown spots appearing at the inoculation sites; the same pathogen was then isolated again from diseased bulbs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the fi rst report of bulb rot disease of cultivated L. leichtlinii var. maximowiczii caused by T. hamatum in China. Our work may be benefi cial, especially for designing control measures for bulb rot disease in the commercial cultivation of L. leichtlinii var. maximowiczii.

A rst report of the genus Phoroncidia Westwood, 1835 described from Navsari district, Gujarat, India. It is distinguished from other species in this genus in having a pair of dorsal and large median posterior humps. The group of Phoroncidia is also new to Gujarat, India.

Macrofungi were survayed and collected in Pakistan during a period of 2014–2019. Basidiomata of Lepiota lilacea were collected from different forests of Swat and Kurruam districts, Khyber Pahtukhwa, Pakistan. These were analyzed by sequencing the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region. The morphology of the taxon is also described. Based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis of ITS region, these basidiomata were found to represent L. lilacea and clustered within Lepiota section lilacae. Lepiota lilacea is an addition to the mycofl ora of Pakistan and this is the fi rst report of this species.

Fungi in Cercospora and Pseudocercospora are commonly known as cercosporoid fungi. In the current study, a cercosporoid fungus was isolated from Mangifera indica from Chiang Mai, Thailand. The isolate was identifi ed as Pseudocercospora mangiferae sp. nov. based on morphology and ITS, act, tef1-α and rpb2 multigene phylogeny. Further, this is the fi rst report of a Pseudocercospora species on M. indica in Thailand.

Since the fi rst report of pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan by the end of 2019, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic; causing millions of deaths globally and aff ecting the rest of worldwide population. The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which enters hosts by inhabiting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors expressed in the endothelium layer of not only the respiratory tracts, but also various organs in the body. COVID-19 has been reported to trigger multiple cardiovascular manifestations. Since endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in cardiovascular events and the endothelium is heavily involved in COVID-19 pathophysiology, it is important to investigate their associations and previously established drug potencies to improve endothelial functions as possible treatment options for COVID-19. In this review, we summarize endothelial dysfunction biomarkers involved in COVID-19 and drugs that have shown potential endothelial protective properties to better understand the incidence of endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19 and its future treatment. We searched in PubMed, Wiley Online Library, EBSCO, ScienceDirect databases for literatures containing following keywords: “Endothelial dysfunction”, “COVID-19”, and “biomarkers”. Eligible publications were then assessed and studied to comprise our literature review. A total of 96 studies matched our criteria and provided scientifi c evidences for our review. Materials were then compiled into a review summarizing endothelial biomarkers involved in COVID-19 and potentially repurposed drugs targeting endothelium for COVID-19.Various endothelial dysfunction biomarkers were found to be elevated in COVID19 and is found to be related to its severity, such as adhesion molecules, selectins, PAI-1, and von Willebrand Factors. Multiple drugs targeting the endothelium are also potential and some are under investigation for COVID-19.

Endophytic bacteria are found inside host plants without causing disease symptoms, and form a range of di erent bene cial rela onships. In this study, four bacterial strains were isolated from roots, cladodes and non gus- tatory fruits of Opun a cus-indicaL. collected from the Algerian semi-arid region. The bacteria were able to grow at temperatures as 45 °C. 16SrRNA sequencing revealed the iden ty of isolates as Pseudomonas pu da(E1)with 98% similarity,P. brassicacearum(E2) and Klebsiella pneumonia (E3,E4)with 99% similarity. The strains were tested in vitro for their biocontrol ac vity against phytopathogenic fungus, and found to have the ability to inhibit the Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis and Aspergillus niger growth. We noticed that the most important inhibitory effect recorded with P. pu da (69.78±3.93 and 65.15±2.8), and that the feeble antagonistic effect recorded with P. brassicacearum (20.57±6.04 and 8.52 ±2.8) against of F.oxysporum f.sp albdeinis and A.niger. The plant growth promo ng (PGP) proper es were demonstrated through wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based bioassay under hydroponic condi ons.The inocula on of bacteria showed an increase in density, length of roots and stems, indica ng the PGP abili es of these bacteria. P. pu da showed a poten al for growth of wheat plant.We no ced respectively the length of both stems and roots (17.34 ± 0.54 mm; 11.07 ± 0.67 mm), and we found that fresh and dry weight was (0.23 ± 0.029 g; 0.0375 ±0.003 g). Overall the results showed that isolates characterized were able to improve the growth of plants, and inhibit the propaga on of phytopathogenic fungi. To our knowledge, this is the rst report describing the isola on of bacteria from O. cus-indica(L.) in Algerian semi-arid region.

Malignant lymphoma can cause peripheral neuropathy through various mechanisms.We report the case of 67-year-old man with chronic motor and sensory axonal demyelinating polyneuropathy associated with anti-ganglioside GQ1b antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fl uid (CSF) as an initial presentation of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specifi ed.The patient was treated with chemotherapy for T-cell lymphoma, and achieved complete remission.Motor function recovered completely and sensory function improved.Neurological improvement was concurrent with the disappearance of serum and CSF antiganglioside GQ1b antibodies.This is the fi rst report of chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy associated with anti-ganglioside GQ1b antibodies in peripheral T-cell lymphoma.

During the expedition INVEMAR-Macrofauna II, made in 2001 throughout the continental shelf and upper continental slope of the Colombian Caribbean coast, between 20 and 500 m depth, 22 species of hermit crabs distributed in one superfamily and four families, were collected. Within the superfamily Paguroidea, the family Paguridae was the most abundant and diverse with 13 species, six species belong to family Diogenidae; the Parapaguridae was represented by two species and one species of the genus Trizocheles of the family Pylochelidae represents the !rst report of this family from this coast. In addition, !ve undetermined species of the genera Paguristes, Enneobranchus, and Iridopagurus, were also collected. Based on the collected material, the bathymetric distributions reveal species aggregation in two depth ranges (20 - 150 m and 300 - 500 m). The upper strata species show a geographic distribution pattern, seemingly related to the in"uence of the Magdalena river; by contrast, the species from the deeper range do not reveal any particular distribution pattern.

Glomerulonephritis from a chronically infected implanted device

Legume nodulating bacteria (LNB), known also as rhizobia, are soil bacteria, which are able to form rootnodules and fi x nitrogen in the leguminous plants. The LNB availability in the soil depends on the type ofagroecosystem, where plant grows. In this study, we isolated LNB from the shrub agroecosystem in Sumatera,Indonesia, and obtained four selected bacterial strains. Among them, the isolate UGM48a formed root nodulein Macroptilium atropurpureum and showed highest number of nitrogenase activity. UGM48a also contains nifHand nodA genes. An analysis of the PCR-amplifi ed 16S rDNA and BLASTn analysis showed that UGM48adisplayed 96% similarity with Achromobacter xylosoxidans. In addition, UGM48a were successfully nodulatedGlycine max (L.) merr var. wilis. This is the fi rst report detecting A. xylosoxidans as nodule-forming species forGlycine max possesing the positive copy of nodA gene. Keywords : Legume Nodulating Bacteria, shrub agroecosystem, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, nodA, Glycine max

We report on a newborn with respiratory distress and situs viscerum inversus totalis. Kartagener syndrome was suspected because of respiratory distress, oxygen dependence, atelectasis, thick nasal mucus, productive cough and situs viscerum totalis. The diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia was confi rmed by electron microscopy. We suggest that, despite its rarity, primary ciliary dyskinesia should be considered in any newborn with unexplained respiratory distress. Also, we emphasize the diagnostic role of thick nasal mucus and productive cough, both very rarely seen in neonates. Early diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia may allow for early initiation of physiotherapy and multidisciplinary care, in order to preserve lung function in this genetic disease as long as possible. To our knowledge, this is the fi rst report of Kartagener syndrome diagnosed in a newborn in Croatia.

The article gives the fi rst report of the Registry of Russian transplant society, taking into account donor and transplant activity in the Russian Federation for the period 2006–2008. Despite the inadequate provision of transplant assistance, it’s noted the positive trends.

In this study, the production and characterization of exopolysaccharide from Syncephalastrum sp. was carried out. This is the i¬rst report on the production of exopolysaccharides from Syncephalastrum sp. Totally, four different fungi (Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium expansum and Syncephalastrum sp.) were screened for exopolysaccharide production. Among these, maximum polysaccharide producing species was selected for further large scale production. Different concentrations (6, 8 and 10%) of sucrose were also used to increase polysaccharide production. Overall results depicted that 8% of sucrose concentration exhibited higher amount of polysaccharide production. Further, structure of polysaccachride was confirmed by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. Based on this spectroscopy results, the polysaccharide produced by Syncephalastrum sp. was 3 linked β-D-galactopyronosyl units. The polysaccharide produced by this species composed of galactose as predominant monosccharides in the cell wall of Syncephalastrum sp. and their idealized structures were established. Key words: Exopolysaccharide, mangroves, filamentous fungi, Syncephalstrum, β-D-galactopyronosyl.

Szentesi, Z. (2014): Green toad (Anura: Bufonidae) skeleton from the Upper Pleistocene of Hungary (Nagyharsány Crystal Cave, Villány Hills). Fragmenta Palaeontologica Hungarica 31: 117-124, DOI: 10.17111/FragmPalHung.2014.31.117, URL: https://doi.org/10.17111/fragmpalhung.2014.31.117