Routine Processing Research Articles

P20 Clinical metagenomics from cell-free DNA: overview and lessons learned from 4 years as a clinical metagenomics provider

Abstract Background Clinical metagenomics emerges more and more from academic research to clinical practice. Here, we share an overview of the field of clinical metagenomics on cell-free DNA found in the blood of patients with severe infections and share a few learning points regarding the implementation as a routine lab service and CE-IVD marked software running in the cloud. Methods We use next-generation sequencing of cell-free DNA to digitally determine relevant pathogens from patients with systemic infections in blood and other bodily fluids using our CE-IVD marked DISQVER diagnostic platform. Until now we have collected microbial data from several thousand samples within 4 years of routine service. Results The set up of the DISQVER test is within the regulatory framework of CE-IVD marking of software as a service (SaaS) and ISO 13485 accreditation. This brings practical implications on database quality, software lock-in/development/testing, change and risk management, technical documentation, requiring substantial resources. Also the wetlab process runs within tightly defined and controlled QM boundaries, pre-set by extensive analytical validations. We clinically validated our test for pathogen identification from blood within 8 clinical trials for intensive care medicine, haematology and coinfection in COVID-19, showing 2- to 3-fold higher identification rates for pathogens in comparison to standard of care blood culture. Furthermore, several case reports/ case series from different clinical backgrounds, frequently with difficult to diagnose pathogens, have been published. From the analysis of our routine processes with several thousand samples, we could show that the turn-around time of our mNGS process is very fast and can detect more species than blood culture. In particular, the relatively high proportion of fungi and dsDNA viruses indicates superiority of the method compared with the standard diagnostic pathway. Conclusions To bridge the gap between academic research and clinical implementation, many aspects of regulatory, technical and data protection requirements need to be addressed. Within the timeframe of commercial availability DISQVER from cell-free DNA found in the blood of infected patients is increasingly becoming a useful tool for infection diagnostics.

Feasibility of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence in ex vivo pathological dissection of colorectal lymph nodes-a pilot study.

Accurate lymph node (LN) retrieval during colorectal carcinoma resection is pivotal for precise N-staging and the determination of adjuvant therapy. Current guidelines recommend the examination of at least 12 mesocolic or mesorectal lymph nodes for accurate staging. Traditional histological processing techniques, reliant on visual inspection and palpation, are time-consuming and heavily dependent on the examiner's expertise and availability. Various methods have been documented to enhance LN retrieval from colorectal specimens, including intra-arterial ex vivo methylene blue injection. Recent studies have explored the utility of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging for visualizing pericolic lymph nodes and identifying sentinel lymph nodes in colorectal malignancies. This study included 10 patients who underwent colon resection for malignant tumors. During surgery, intravenous ICG dye and an endoscopic camera were employed to assess intestinal perfusion. Post-resection, ex vivo intra-arterial administration of ICG dye was performed on the specimens, followed by routine histological processing and an ICG-assisted lymph node dissection. The objective was to evaluate whether ICG imaging could identify additional lymph nodes compared to routine manual dissection and to assess the clinical relevance of these findings. For each patient, a minimum of 12 lymph nodes (median = 25.5, interquartile range = 12.25, maximum = 33) were examined. ICG imaging facilitated the detection of a median of three additional lymph nodes not identified during routine processing. Metastatic lymph nodes were found in four patients however no additional metastatic nodes were detected with ICG assistance. Our findings suggest that ex vivo intra-arterial administration of indocyanine green dye can augment lymph node dissection, particularly in cases where the number of lymph nodes retrieved is below the recommended threshold of 12.

POLITICAL ACTIVITY AND VOTERS TRUST IN THE DIGITALIZATION OF THE ELECTORAL PROCESS

The role of the state in the formation of trust institutions is undeniable, but in practice we have to face a number of difficulties. The introduction of new mechanisms and tools for electronic voting leads to the transformation of familiar algorithms in the electoral system. These changes inevitably affect all participants in the electoral process. This study is the result of a long discussion among many scholars and practitioners about the impact of electronic voting on voters' political engagement and trust in the voting process. The purpose of the study is to analyze the indicators of political activity (turnout) of voters as one of the criteria of the level of their confidence in modern technical means of counting votes - ballot processing complexes (BPCs). The object of the study is the electoral system of the Leningrad region in the context of electoral campaigns from 2014 to 2020, grouped by level: federal, regional and local elections. The main method is content analysis of scientific publications and mass media, normative analysis of legal acts, subsequent comparative and cross-system analysis of the information obtained. The experience of using BPCs presented in the article can be assessed both positively and negatively. The practice of using means of fixed electronic voting demonstrates a positive trend and opens a wide space for further digitalization of the electoral process, especially given the high "digital readiness" of the Russian population. A regularity was observed in the decrease of voter turnout at polling stations where BPCs were used for the first time. With further operation, the situation evens out due to the "habituation" of participants in the electoral process to the digital formats of elections. Because of the low overall level of trust in the institution of elections, any innovation in the electoral system leads to significant changes in routine processes and requires careful study and time for gradual implementation and adaptation.

Development of a low-cost robotized 3D-prototype for automated optical microscopy diagnosis: An open-source system.

In a clinical context, conventional optical microscopy is commonly used for the visualization of biological samples for diagnosis. However, the availability of molecular techniques and rapid diagnostic tests are reducing the use of conventional microscopy, and consequently the number of experienced professionals starts to decrease. Moreover, the continuous visualization during long periods of time through an optical microscope could affect the final diagnosis results due to induced human errors and fatigue. Therefore, microscopy automation is a challenge to be achieved and address this problem. The aim of the study is to develop a low-cost automated system for the visualization of microbiological/parasitological samples by using a conventional optical microscope, and specially designed for its implementation in resource-poor settings laboratories. A 3D-prototype to automate the majority of conventional optical microscopes was designed. Pieces were built with 3D-printing technology and polylactic acid biodegradable material with Tinkercad/Ultimaker Cura 5.1 slicing softwares. The system's components were divided into three subgroups: microscope stage pieces, storage/autofocus-pieces, and smartphone pieces. The prototype is based on servo motors, controlled by Arduino open-source electronic platform, to emulate the X-Y and auto-focus (Z) movements of the microscope. An average time of 27.00 ± 2.58 seconds is required to auto-focus a single FoV. Auto-focus evaluation demonstrates a mean average maximum Laplacian value of 11.83 with tested images. The whole automation process is controlled by a smartphone device, which is responsible for acquiring images for further diagnosis via convolutional neural networks. The prototype is specially designed for resource-poor settings, where microscopy diagnosis is still a routine process. The coalescence between convolutional neural network predictive models and the automation of the movements of a conventional optical microscope confer the system a wide range of image-based diagnosis applications. The accessibility of the system could help improve diagnostics and provide new tools to laboratories worldwide.

Histopathological Analysis of Lung Lesions in Cases of Sudden Death: An Autopsy-based Study

Introduction: Cardiovascular and respiratory causes account for the major chunks in sudden death cases in various Western studies. Overall, a very limited number of studies have been conducted on respiratory system changes in cases investigated as sudden and unknown death in India. Pathological respiratory findings are said to be common in the autopsy population; however, their nature and prevalence are not well documented. Aim: To document the morphologic changes in lungs (both gross and microscopic) in cases of sudden death. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross- sectional, prospective, and observational study conducted over a period of 12 months from 1st April 2010 to 31st March 2011. It was conducted on autopsy lung specimens received in the Department of Pathology, RG Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. For the purpose of present study, sudden death was defined as death occurring within 24 hours of the onset of the terminal symptoms. Unidentified subjects who were declared “Brought Dead” at the emergency room were also included in the study. The lungs were fixed in 10% formalin, weighed, and dimensions measured. Grossly, the lungs were examined for colour, volume, consistency, presence of any pathological changes, the status of bronchi and pleura, and findings were recorded. After routine processing and paraffin embedding, histological sections were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain and special stains as and when necessary. All the histological sections were examined microscopically, and findings were recorded. The obtained data were subjected to appropriate statistical analysis by entering the data in Microsoft (MS) excel 2010. Results: There were 46 males (88.46%) and 6 females (11.54%). The age range was 26-86 years, with a mean age of 51.02 years. Among the 52 cases, significant pulmonary pathology was found in 26 cases (50%), excluding postmortem changes. Extensive fibrocaseous pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) 15 (28.85%) was the most common pulmonary lesion found, present in all age groups. The other major pathological lesions encountered were lobar pneumonia 4 (7.69%), emphysema 3 (5.77%), bronchopneumonia 2 (3.85%), etc. Conclusion: A significant number of cases with pathological lesions in the lung were detected during the histopathological examination of sudden death cases. All the lesions may or may not have contributed to death in a direct or indirect way. The undetected lung pathologies emphasise the importance of autopsy in cases of sudden death.

Improving laboratory turnaround times in clinical settings: A systematic review of the impact of lean methodology application.

Lean methodology, originally developed in the manufacturing sector, is a process management philosophy focused on maximizing value by eliminating waste. Its application in laboratory settings, particularly concerning laboratory turnaround times (TAT), involves a systematic approach to identifying inefficiencies and optimizing processes to enhance value for end customers. This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO with identification number (CRD42024552350) and reported based on the 2020 PRISMA checklist. An extensive search strategy was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase databases and gray literatures. Advanced searching was used using Boolean operators (AND & OR). After articles were exported to endnote x8, duplications were removed and articles were selected based on titles, abstracts, and full texts. The illegibility of the articles was independently assessed by the three authors (NC, DMB, and BBT), and the disagreements were settled through scientific consensus. Methodological quality was assessed using JBI critical appraisal checklist. In this review, electronic databases search yielded 1261 articles, of which 7 met the inclusion criteria. The review demonstrated, implementation of lean principle into the routine laboratory testing had an overall impact 76.1% on reducing laboratory TAT. Transportation, manual data processing, inefficient workflow, and the heavy workload were identified as the main wasteful procedures. To eliminate these non-value-added steps, several intervention techniques were implemented, including the use of a barcoding system, process redesign, workflow optimization, hiring additional staff, and relocating the sample collection room closer to the result distribution center. Lean implementation is crucial in the medical laboratory industry for optimizing processes, reducing TAT, and ultimately enhancing customer satisfaction. As a result, all clinical laboratories should adopt and implement lean principles in their routine testing processes. The medical laboratory industry should also proactively look for and apply lean tools, provide ongoing training, and foster awareness among laboratory staffs.

Assessment of the Effects of Two Different Doses of Methotrexate in Rat Ovarian Tissue: A Histological Study

Objective: The use of methotrexate (MTH), a drug commonly prescribed to treat rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, and certain autoimmune diseases, has been linked to early ovarian failure and infertility in women when used in varying amounts and durations. In this study, the possible effects of MTH exposure at different doses on rat ovary were investigated histologically and immunohistochemically. Materials and Methods: A total of 21 female rats, Wistar albino, were utilized in the investigation. The control group (n = 7) was not subjected to any treatment. The 10 mg/kg MTH group (n = 7) and the 20 mg/kg MTH group (n = 7) were given intraperitoneal injections of 10 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg methotrexate, respectively. Five days after injection, the ovarian tissues were taken out of the anesthetized rats and subjected to routine histological tissue processing. The histological evaluation was performed with hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and Masson's trichrome (MT) on paraffin block sections. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining was performed to determine AMH immunoreactivity. Results: In both MTH groups, histopathological changes were observed, particularly in the 20 mg/kg group, and these included the presence of areas of edema as well as dilated or congested blood vessels. Furthermore, the 20 mg/kg MTH group exhibited increased fibrotic tissue in the ovarian medulla. The number of follicles and AMH immunoreactivity were observed to be reduced in the MTH groups, with the reduction reaching a statistically significant level in the 20 mg/kg MTH group ovary. In terms of AMH immunoreactivity, it is demonstrated that there is no statistical significance between the control and 10 mg/kg MTH groups. Conclusion: The dose of MTH should be considered carefully, as increasing the dose may lead to deterioration of ovarian histopathology and a reduction in the reserve of the ovary.

Effectiveness of Clinical Pharmacists-Led Medication Reconciliation to Prevent Medication Discrepancies in Hospitalized Patients: A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial.

Medication discrepancies are a major safety concern for hospitalized patients and healthcare professionals. Medication Reconciliation (MR) is a widely used tool in different practice settings to ensure the proper use of medications. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the clinical pharmacists-led MR process in identifying, preventing, and resolving medication discrepancies among hospitalized patients. This was a prospective study with an observational and interventional part, conducted at the Internal Medicine Department of a tertiary Hospital in Sudan from January to September 2023. The enrolled patients were divided into two groups, the observation group, in which the routine MR process was performed by doctors (usual care), and the intervention group, in which clinical pharmacists led the MR process. Compared to the usual care, the clinical pharmacists were more efficient in identifying and preventing medication discrepancies (P=0.001). From a total of 1012 medications, clinical pharmacists' interventions contributed to the detection of (39%) equivalent to 2.2 discrepancies per patient, resolving 325 (83%) and preventing (55%) clinically significant discrepancies. Dose discrepancy (43%) was the most common type of identified discrepancies. These interventions were accepted by (98%) of doctors and implemented in (86%) of the total cases. The main predictors of medication discrepancies (P ≤0.05) for patients were the length of hospital stay, patient-hospital transfer, high number of medication histories, and increased number of medications used during hospitalization. Through the implementation of the MR process, the clinical pharmacist's interventions substantially contributed to the detection and resolution of medication discrepancies among hospitalized patients. It is recommended that this intervention be disseminated in more hospitals in Sudan to encourage the implementation of appropriate practices.

Histological Alterations in the Internal Organs of Wistar Han Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Euthanized by Five Different Methods.

Selecting a method of euthanasia is an important step in designing research studies that use animals; euthanasia methods must be humane, cause minimal pain and suffering to the animal, and preserve the tissue architecture of the organs of interest. In this study, we evaluated the histomorphology of the internal organs (lung, spleen, heart, kidney, liver, brain, and adrenal gland) of rats submitted to five different methods of euthanasia, with the goal of determining which protocol caused the least alteration of histomorphology. Twenty adult Wistar Han rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into 5 groups of 4 rats each (2 females and 2 males) and were euthanized by CO₂ or isoflurane inhalation, sodium thiopental or xylazine plus ketamine overdose, or decapitation. All euthanasia was performed in accordance with published guidelines and local legal require- ments. Necropsy was performed immediately after euthanasia. Specific internal organs were removed and placed in formalin and submitted for routine histologic processing. Histomorphological examination of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissues revealed circulatory alterations in multiple organs, predominantly congestion in multiple tissues, pulmonary hemorrhage, and hepatic degeneration. The euthanasia methods that induced the most severe alterations were exposure to CO₂ and anesthetic overdose with xylazine plus ketamine or sodium thiopental. Euthanasia by overexposure to isoflurane caused less damage, and the alterations were of minimal severity. Decapitation resulted in the lowest incidence of lesions in multiple organs but due its traumatic nature, it caused the highest incidence of pulmonary hemorrhage. In selecting a method of euthanasia, factors to consider are the species of animal, the purpose of the research, and the practical ability to perform the procedure to achieve maximal animal welfare without iatrogenic changes that could compromise the outcome and reproducibility of the study.

DEVELOPMENT OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS OF TRANSPORT ENTERPRISES

Abstract. The article reveals the main aspects of the development of communication and information systems of the transport enterprise. The history of creation and stages of formation of communication and information systems (CIS) are studied. Based on the analysis of the author's scientific opinions, the concept of communication and information systems was formed and it was determined that it is quite broad and is understood by scientists in various variations. Therefore, on the basis of this, the main parameters of innovative communication and information systems of a modern transport enterprise are investigated in the article. The main aspect in the future was to determine the influence of intelligent intelligence on the development of the latest communication and information systems of a modern transport enterprise. The application of smart intelligence allows you to automate many routine operations and management processes at a transport enterprise. For example, AI can optimize vehicle routing, schedule planning, inventory management, which can reduce costs and improve resource efficiency. It has been proven that in modern military conditions it is important to be able to quickly react to emergency situations and changes in the situation. Developed CSIs help ensure prompt exchange of information and decision-making for effective situation management. Keywords: communications, communication and information systems, transport enterprises, development, management.

Artificial Intelligence: Real Challenge or Boon for Network Operation Center and Network security

Artificial intelligence has emerged as a game-changer in every domain, and network operation center and network security are no exception. This paper critically evaluates the dual impact of AI as a daunting challenge and a blissful boon in the context of NOCs, network security, and their overlap. As firms increasingly rely on ever more sophisticated and complex networks to run their business, the need for effective network management and security has become a top priority. Correspondingly, controlling such complex networks, an analyzing their performance and status, and safeguarding them from rapidly evolving threats have grown more difficult than ever. AI-powered solutions have the potential to considerably improve NOC efficiency and effectiveness. Introduce automated automation of routine processes, facilitate network performance optimization, and help in forecasting of most network abnormalities. Consequently, these can drastically cut NOC operational costs and network uninsured losses and enhance network dependability. However, and exposure of AI technologies to an entire new category of challenges, such as the potential of AI-based cyberattacks, algorithmic discrimination, and the ethical insinuations of fully autonomous NOCs, also imply that many possible risks and risks are taking into account.

ЦИФРОВА ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЯ ПРОЦЕСУ УПРАВЛІННЯ ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНИМИ ПРОЕКТАМИ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The article explored the main aspects of the digital transformation of the enterprise’s investment project management process, taking into account the impact of modern digital technologies on the effectiveness of project implementation. Digital tools such as ERP systems, project management platforms and cloud-based services have been identified as significantly changing traditional project management approaches, providing transparency, increased efficiency and management flexibility. The benefits of implementing digital technologies have been assessed, including automating routine processes, increasing planning accuracy, reducing costs and improving decision-making. In particular, project management systems based on artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics make it possible to optimize the allocation of resources and predict potential risks, which contributes to the effective execution of projects. In addition, the use of cloud services ensures the availability of data in real time and allows teams to work remotely, which is important in the context of globalization. An analysis of the challenges faced by enterprises during the implementation of digital technologies was formed. Particular attention was paid to cyber security issues and the need to develop risk management strategies to protect confidential information. Recommendations were developed for the selection of optimal digital tools, taking into account the specifics of the project, ease of use, the possibility of integration with other systems and data security. The need for a comprehensive approach to digital transformation, which includes adaptation of business processes, training of personnel and constant monitoring of results to achieve the strategic goals of the enterprise in a dynamic market environment, is emphasized. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the comprehensive analysis of the impact of digital transformation on the process of managing investment projects of the enterprise and the development of new approaches to the selection and implementation of digital tools to improve the efficiency of project management.

Artificial Intelligence Enabled Human Resources Recruitment Functionalities: A Scoping Review

Human resources information systems have enhanced monitoring, documenting, and recording functions for organizations, and consequently have accelerated swift completion of routine processes. This change demonstrates the critical impact of adopting and using advanced technology such as artificial intelligence in the human resources function; in multiple functional gamut's, particularly in recruitment. This manuscript presents a scoping review of academic articles on the impact of adopting and using artificial intelligence in the human resource management function. The current review draft considered a total of 653 academic articles and aggregated review of 35 articles to present a classification framework with three distinct dimensions: artificial intelligence-enabled human resources benefits, challenges, and functionalities. Implications for future research and their directions are identified in the areas of value-added human services for decision-making, security, and privacy for customer and organization data, monitoring features, and creative IT service delivery models.

Stability-Constrained Contingency Analysis for Modern Power Systems

Modern power systems comprise diverse nonlinear components, and an increasingly large number of low inertia renewable power sources necessitate the modernization of conventional power system security measures. Contingency analysis (CA), a routine process for power system operators, ensures grid security under unforeseen circumstances by identifying potential issues and enabling proactive measures for uninterrupted power flow. Electromechanical oscillations (EMOs) in the power system that are a threat to stability must be regularly monitored and mitigated. An online hierarchical EMO index integrating time and frequency response analysis can be utilized for system stability assessment. The integration of an EMO index threshold into contingency analysis is presented in this paper to enhance system security. This new approach is referred to as the stability-constrained contingency analysis (SCCA). Typical results for a modified two-area, four-machine power system with large solar photovoltaic plants simulated on a real-time digital simulator (RTDS) are presented. These results demonstrate that SCCA flags potential issues that can arise from EMOs for certain contingencies, whereas traditional CA does not, as it solely considers bus voltage limits and line ratings.

Enumeration potential of environmental DNA for Pacific salmon stock assessments

AbstractThe field of environmental DNA (eDNA) has advanced over the past decade, with multiple approaches available for a variety of sampling media and species. While using eDNA for the purpose of simply detecting species is becoming a routine process, the utility of eDNA to estimate species abundance is not well understood. Here, we quantify salmon environmental DNA upstream of a fish counting fence along with river velocity, and together, use these values to determine the correlation between the number of salmon passing by the fish fence daily with daily eDNA rates in water before, during, and after the salmon spawning season for four Pacific salmonids (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, O. kisutch, O. tshawytscha, and O. nerka; pink, coho, chinook, and sockeye, respectively). Throughout the spawning season, approximately 182,000 salmon were counted passing through the fence, of which >98% were pink salmon. Pink salmon exhibited strong correlation between human counts (effect size = 0.65, SE = 0.040) to eDNA rates in the present study and exhibited day‐to‐day variation and a unimodal profile rising and falling with human fish counts. However, the salmon species observed in much lower numbers exhibited a much weaker correlation with eDNA levels higher during the pre‐migratory period than during the migratory period for sockeye, coho, and chinook. Thus, for salmon spawning runs with less than ~1000 adults and daily counts of less than ~100, the juvenile and/or prior seasons eDNA signal appears to be indistinguishable from the adult spawning eDNA signal in our river system. However, for the large pink salmon run, eDNA rates appeared to reflect a local signal of salmon in space and time, essentially tracking these fish within days of passing through the eDNA sampling site.

Safety Education through Risk Analysis in the Printing Informal Sector

The printing industry is one of the most informal industries in university environments, such as in Universitas Negeri Semarang which has many printers, ranging from printing books to banners. The printing industry is not free from risks of danger, even though it is only in a small sector, but all workplaces have their own risks of danger. The method used in this research was descriptive research. Analysis was carried out by collecting data through field observations and analysis using JSA. The population and sample in this study were 10 workers in three printing houses in the Universitas Negeri Semarang area. There are a total of 6 routine work processes carried out by workers in the printing industry with 38 hazards identified. The highest intensity risks were found in muscle, bone and skeletal disorders as well as skin irritation and respiratory problems. This was because when working the position of the worker was not ergonomic and the work involved chemicals in the form of ink. The recommended improvement for printing owners is the use of APB to minimize risks arising from identified hazards such as wearing masks to reduce exposure to chemical vapours.

(Invited) Leading-Edge Diamond FET, MEMS, and Photodetector Devices

Diamond is a candidate material for next-generation power electronics, micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS), and solar-blind deep-ultraviolet (DUV) photodetector devices with excellent thermal stability and radiation hardness, which operate under extreme environment. In order to use an advantage of high-density hole channel of hydrogenated diamond (H-diamond) surface, we have developed the high-k stack gate dielectrics and AlN heterojuction gate for H-diamond FETs, such as HfO2/HfO2, LaAlO3/Al2O3 Ta2O5/Al2O3, and ZrO2/Al2O3, AlN/Al2O3 prepared by a combination of sputter-deposition (SD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques [1,2]. We also demonstrated the artificial diamond Fin-FETs with high-current level [3] and the nanolaminate insulator gate metal-oxide-gate FETs (MOSFETs) with k value as high as 100 [4], and the new transistor concept named by metal-insulator-metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MIMS-FET) to achieve normally-off operation by combining the advantages of MOSFET and metal-semiconductor FET [5]. In addition, we developed the routine ion-implantation process for preparing the diamond cantilever with a resonant frequency quality factor as high as one million [6,7]. We have also developed thermally stable Schottky barrier photodiode (SPD), metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector (MSMPD), and MSM-type SPD (IDF-SPD) with a large photoconductivity gain in DUV wavelength and a large discrimination ratio between DUV/visible light responsivity [8,9]. In this presentation, we will review the comprehensive our work on the diamond FET, MEMS, and photodetector devices. Acknowledgements: This work was in collaboration with J-W. Liu, M. Imura, M-Y. Liao, J. Alvarez in NIMS and A. Ouchiero and E. Obaldia in University of Taxes, Dallas, and partly supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 20H00313.

Automating data analysis in scientific research of future education specialists using the Google Apps Script platform

Abstract. The article focuses on the role and potential of using the Google Apps Script platform as a tool for automating data analysis in scientific research for future specialists in the educational sphere. Thus, the article aims to systematize and summarize information about the possibilities and advantages of using digital tools, particularly the Google Apps Script platform, for automating data analysis in scientific research. The following research methods were employed: analysis and summarization of technological capabilities and practical cases using the Google Apps Script platform based on existing scientific and methodological sources, modelling, and synthesis of obtained data. This contributed to understanding and assessing the potential of the designated tool for use by future specialists in the educational sphere. The possibility of optimizing various stages of scientific research using Google Apps Script was thoroughly analysed, particularly in data filtering and summarization, statistical analysis, creating graphs, and reporting. Considering the prospects of applying the synthetic method in the research process, the role of the specified tool in creating and expanding data for objective analysis is emphasized. The Google Apps Script platform facilitates the effective combination of analytical capabilities and automation, allowing researchers to better synthesize the obtained results and react promptly to the identified trends. Such a comprehensive approach to data processing creates unique opportunities for innovative research in the field of education, making it more accessible and interactive for use by researchers and practitioners. As a result of the study, the significance of digital tools, including the Google Apps Script platform, in preparing future education professionals was highlighted. The advantages and possibilities of this tool for implementing innovative approaches in data analysis in the field of scientific research were pointed out, emphasizing its potential for developing new methodologies and approaches in this field. In the context of the on-going evolution of educational approaches, the Google Apps Script platform serves not only as a data analysis tool but also as a catalyst for innovative thinking. In summary, it is worth noting that Google Apps Script is a powerful tool that provides opportunities for automating complex data processing processes in scientific research, even when employing the synthetic method. The use of this tool opens up possibilities for efficient analysis and processing of large volumes of information, even when it is critical, overcoming this challenge in modern scientific work. Its capabilities enable researchers to focus on essential aspects of research, reducing time spent on routine data processing operations.

Scrape cytology – Diagnostic tool in large intestinal tumors

: Gastrointestinal tumors, mainly esophagogastric and colorectal carcinomas constitute one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The early detection and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors has been shown to improve patient's survival significantly. The current study is carried out to know the efficiency of scrape cytology in diagnosis of large intestinal tumors by comparing with histopathological diagnosisThirty surgically removed large intestinal tumor specimens were studied. Scrapings were taken from representative areas of each specimen, spread on slides, stained with H/E and reported. The specimens were fixed in 10% formalin, grossed and routine histopathological processing was carried out, followed by staining with H/E, examined and reported. The diagnosis obtained by scrape cytology and histopathology was correlated and analyzedTotal 30 specimens were received and majority of them were of rectal tumors(20%) and sigmund colon tumors(20%), followed by rectosigmoid region tumors (17%). Over all the scrape cytology diagnosis showed concordance for 28 cases with histopathology diagnosis having diagnostic accuracy of 93.3%.:Scrape cytology is simple, rapid and economically feasible technique and can be useful as an adjunct for frozen section in intraoperative consultation.

A qualitative exploration of behaviour change and maintenance experience in people with overweight or obesity in a dietary intervention.

This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of participants who were enrolled in 6-month controlled weight loss interventions with 2-month follow-up to better understand the process of behaviour change and maintenance. Fifteen participants who completed or dropped out from either a daily energy restriction or intermittent fasting group were recruited using maximum variation purposive sampling. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted at the 2-month follow-up phase. All interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis, guided by behaviour change models including transtheoretical model, social cognitive theory and integrated model of change. Participants following both diets showed similar behaviour change patterns. Their first motivations were mostly external and relied on 'accountability' to adhere to the diet when initiating the dietary changes. Participants highlighted the importance of frequent reviews and monitoring in assisting their adherence. This feedback system promoted the development of self-efficacy and internalised motivation to encourage an 'ownership'. Participants who transitioned successfully from relying on accountability to take 'ownership' of the intervention were more capable of tackling challenges and tailoring their diet to form a new routine for long-term maintenance. External motivations were key to initiate while internalised motivations were more important to sustain the behaviour change. Health professionals can assist this process through routine monitoring and feedback processes in clinical practice.