Rotational Mobility Research Articles

Phase transitions and ionic conductivity of ionic plastic crystals based on pyrrolidinium cations and dihydrogen phosphate anion

Ionic plastic crystals (IPCs) have been studied as solid-state proton conductors due to their properties such as non-volatility, plasticity, and high ionic conductivity. In order to further improve their proton transport property, understanding the relationship between the ion structure and the properties of IPCs is needed. For this purpose, five pyrrolidinium salts with dihydrogen phosphate anion ([DHP] − ) were synthesized. 1-Ethyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium ([C 1,2 pyr] + ) cation and 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-methylpyrrolidinium ([C 1,2OH pyr] + ) cation exhibited one or more solid-solid phase transitions in DSC traces. The 1 H and 31 P solid state NMR results indicated that the component ions in [C 1,2 pyr][DHP] exhibited rotational mobility in Phase I. [C 1,2 pyr][DHP] and [C 1,2OH pyr][DHP] exhibited higher ionic conductivity values than the other pyrrolidinium salts after the addition of H 3 PO 4 , and their ionic conductivity was over 10 −3 S cm −1 at 120 °C. Thus, rotational mobility and the hydroxyl group on the pyrrolidinium cation will contribute to proton transport in the solid-state phases. • Five pyrrolidinium salts with dihydrogen phosphate anion were synthesized. • One or more solid-solid phase transitions were observed for some pyrrolidinium salts. • Ionic conductivity exhibited a large increase at the phase transition temperature. • Plastic crystalline behavior was effective in achieving high ionic conductivity.

Is early mobilization necessary in isolated rotator cuff repair? Results of a prospective series of 1,200 cases

Objectives:Non-healing of rotator cuff tears is estimated to be between 5 and 20%. Rehabilitation protocols vary. Some advocate early rehabilitation. The aim of the study was to verify whether rapid recovery of mobility was not associated with a higher rate of non-healing.Methods:We conducted a single-center prospective study. The primary inclusion criterion was first-line arthroscopic repair of an isolated complete cuff tear without retraction (Patte 1) or fatty degeneration (Goutallier - less than 2). It was the same surgeon, the same surgical technique (double row) and the same rehabilitation protocol (self-mobilization, hands together). Patients were seen again by an evaluator other than the surgeon. We analyzed passive elevation and external rotation (ER1) mobility and pain at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months, active mobilities at 3 months and 6 months, and the Constant score at 6 months. Tendon healing was assessed at six months by ultrasound according to Sugaya’s classification (grouping 1/2/3 healed and 4/5 unhealed).Results:1,200 patients were included, 101 were excluded (lost to follow-up or missing data at one of the reviews). The healing rate was 85.7%. We noted a statistically significant difference between the healed and unhealed groups for passive elevation at 6 weeks (128° vs 142° p <0.0001), passive ER1 (23°/32°, p <0.0001). As well as at 3 months for passive elevation (149°/155°, p = 0.0005) for ER1 (43°/48°, p = 0.0008). No difference in pain between the 2 groups (at each review) nor in the final Constant score (72.3 vs 70.2)Conclusion:Patients with poorer passive joint mobility at 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively had a better healing rate at 6 months. This clear correlation is an indication that we should reflect on the earliness of rehabilitation after rotator cuff repair.

Cervical Sprain With Residual C1-C2 Laxity as Source of Fibromyalgia and Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms?

Research Objectives To evaluate the upper cervical segmental mobility in patients with a remote history of trauma presenting with persistent fibromyalgia symptoms with evidence of persistent cervical sprain pain. Design Chart review. Setting Outpatient clinic. Participants Patients with history diagnosed with fibromyalgia and demonstrating (1) frequent headache on awakening, (2) pain/increased symptoms with neck range of motion, (3) pain with resistance to neck motion, (4) relief during cervical traction, (5) and typical fibromyalgia symptoms. Interventions CT of the cervical spine including rotation views. Main Outcome Measures Skeletal mobility per CT scan including Cranium, C1, and C2 rotation in degrees Results Analysis reveals that only one of the individuals had < 30 degrees rotation of C1 on C2, versus 14 of 20 having > 35 degrees and 7 of 20 having > 40 degrees rotation of C1 on C2 suggesting ligamentous laxity. Of note, none of the individuals had > 5 degrees rotation of cranium on C1, suggesting greater stability when compared to C1-C2. Conclusions In addition to upper spinal cord, the vertebral-basilar arteries supply the cerebellum, medulla oblongata, midbrain, pons, thalamus, and other areas in the posterior cranium. Symptoms of ischemia involving these areas include dizziness, gait disturbance, limb weakness, dysarthria, headache, nausea, cranial nerve, visual and other sensory dysfunctions. This sampling of persistent neck pain patients demonstrates significant rotational mobility that may involve the vertebral arteries at C1 and C2 in particular, contributing to symptoms similar to those with documented ischemia in the vertebrobasilar distribution. Alternatively, direct compression at cervical spinal cord-medullary junction from C1-2 laxity is illustrated in sagittal view MRI image. Here is seen anterior cranial migration relative to spinal canal compressing the spinal cord at its medullary junction. It is noteworthy that 4 individuals in this small sample developed plaque in the vertebrobasilar distribution and subsequently confirmed to have multiple sclerosis. Whether or not there is a relationship between ligamentous laxity in the upper cervical spine and development of fibromyalgia and/ or multiple sclerosis remains to be demonstrated. Author(s) Disclosures None to declare. To evaluate the upper cervical segmental mobility in patients with a remote history of trauma presenting with persistent fibromyalgia symptoms with evidence of persistent cervical sprain pain. Chart review. Outpatient clinic. Patients with history diagnosed with fibromyalgia and demonstrating (1) frequent headache on awakening, (2) pain/increased symptoms with neck range of motion, (3) pain with resistance to neck motion, (4) relief during cervical traction, (5) and typical fibromyalgia symptoms. CT of the cervical spine including rotation views. Skeletal mobility per CT scan including Cranium, C1, and C2 rotation in degrees Analysis reveals that only one of the individuals had < 30 degrees rotation of C1 on C2, versus 14 of 20 having > 35 degrees and 7 of 20 having > 40 degrees rotation of C1 on C2 suggesting ligamentous laxity. Of note, none of the individuals had > 5 degrees rotation of cranium on C1, suggesting greater stability when compared to C1-C2. In addition to upper spinal cord, the vertebral-basilar arteries supply the cerebellum, medulla oblongata, midbrain, pons, thalamus, and other areas in the posterior cranium. Symptoms of ischemia involving these areas include dizziness, gait disturbance, limb weakness, dysarthria, headache, nausea, cranial nerve, visual and other sensory dysfunctions.

Association Between Neck Pain, Range of Motion, and Proprioception in Elite Female International Standard Dancers: A Case-Control Study

Neck pain is common in dancers, especially female dancers, and the injury pattern varies in different genres of dance. Among dancesport performers, intensive neck left rotation is required in female International Standard dancers, but it is unknown whether neck pain is associated with neck rotation range of motion and proprioception. To explore the associations between neck pain, cervical rotation range of motion, and proprioception in female International Standard dancers. Twelve dancers with dance-related neck pain (age 19.9±1.9 yrs) volunteered, matched with 12 not reporting neck pain (age 22.2±2.4 yrs). A 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) was used to record neck pain. Active rotation range of motion (AROM) of the cervical spine was measured using a tape measure. A cervical rotation reposition test that used a head-mounted laser projector on a linear scale was employed to measure the cervical spine proprioception, and the absolute error (AE) and variable error (VE) were calculated as proprioceptive acuity scores. Nine of 12 participants in the group with neck pain declared left side pain, with 2 reporting pain on both sides. The group with neck pain had significantly lower left rotation AROM (p<0.05). For proprioceptive acuity, mixed model ANOVA only showed that repositioning of the right side of the neck is more accurate and consistent than that of the left (both AE and VE p<0.05). Linear regression analysis indicated that left rotation AROM was significantly influenced by left neck pain (t=3.061, p=0.006, adjusted R2 = 0.267, and Durbin-Watson value = 1.776). Most participants in the group with neck pain showed left side pain, associated with decreased left rotation AROM. Early screening on cervical rotation mobility may be necessary to reduce future dance-related injury after the onset of neck pain. Proprioceptive acuity of the left side neck was significantly impaired compared with that of the right, indicating future proprioceptive intervention on the left side neck.

Immediate Changes in Hip Range of Motion after Mobilization with Movement Versus Static Stretching

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> To investigate the pre and post-intervention differences in hip range of motion after mobilization with movement, a static stretch, or control in those with reduced hip mobility. <h3>Design</h3> The study was a three-arm, single blind, randomized controlled trial. Subjects received pre-intervention hip range of motion measurements followed by randomization into one of three groups: [1] a supine hip internal rotation stretch [2] a supine hip internal rotation mobilization with movement or [3] a control. A second Investigator blinded to baseline measurements completed the intervention. Post-test measurements were then obtained immediately after the intervention by an investigator blinded to group assignment. <h3>Setting</h3> The study was conducted in university clinical laboratory. <h3>Participants</h3> A convenience sample of fifty-six (56) subjects with limited hip internal rotation less than 10 degree were recruited. <h3>Interventions</h3> Subjects were randomized into one of three groups: [1] a supine hip internal rotation stretch repeated for 3 bouts of 30 seconds with a 10 second rest between sets [2] a supine hip internal rotation mobilization with movement for 3 sets of 10 repetitions and 30 seconds of rest between sets or [3] a control of lying supine for 2 minutes. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Hip range of motion including, internal rotation, external rotation, flexion and extension. <h3>Results</h3> At baseline, independent t-tests suggest no significant difference between (p>o.05). Group-by-time interactions revealed a significant difference (p=0.001) for immediate range of motion changes in the hip treatment groups for internal rotation, external rotation, flexion and extension compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were noted between the treatment groups. Within-group analysis revealed significant changes in treatment groups (p<0.001). <h3>Conclusions</h3> A lack of hip internal rotation has been associated with low back pain, hip osteoarthritis as well as sacroiliac disorders. Hip mobilization with movement and a passive internal rotation stretch demonstrated the ability to significantly improve available hip range of motion. Future research should include testing long term effects as well as serial interventions. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> Authors report no conflict of interest.

Unraveling the hidden temporal range of fast \u03b22-adrenergic receptor mobility by time-resolved fluorescence

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are hypothesized to possess molecular mobility over a wide temporal range. Until now the temporal range has not been fully accessible due to the crucially limited temporal range of available methods. This in turn, may lead relevant dynamic constants to remain masked. Here, we expand this dynamic range by combining fluorescent techniques using a spot confocal setup. We decipher mobility constants of β2-adrenergic receptor over a wide time range (nanosecond to second). Particularly, a translational mobility (10 µm²/s), one order of magnitude faster than membrane associated lateral mobility that explains membrane protein turnover and suggests a wider picture of the GPCR availability on the plasma membrane. And a so far elusive rotational mobility (1-200 µs) which depicts a previously overlooked dynamic component that, despite all complexity, behaves largely as predicted by the Saffman-Delbrück model.

The use of an external transosseous fixation device for non-united fractures and false joints of long bones after intramedullary osteosynthesis with a pin

In 40 patients with 44 ununited intramedullar osteosynthesis diaphysial fractures of long bones (humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia) the external transosseous fixation device was applied to the bone fragments without removal of rods from bone marrow canal. In that case the rod excluded horizontal and angle mobility of fragments and the device eliminated rotation mobility and created mutual pressure offragments. Consolidation of the fracture and function restoration were achieved in 42 cases. Two patients required bone plasty.

Pelvic pain in Maigne\u2019s syndrome\u2014a multi-segmental approach

BackgroundMaigne’s syndrome is a poorly understood condition that affects the thoracolumbar junction. The symptoms can range from pain in the low back, pelvis, hip, lower abdomen, and groin. These symptoms can have bio-mechanical and neurophysiological attributions due to the complexity of spinal mechanics. Thoraco-lumbar junction (T12-L1) is a transitional zone with a higher degree of mean angular motion and a mean translation motion than T10-T11 and T11-T12. This higher degree of translational and rotation mobility predisposes these segments to a higher degree of stress, making them more prone to biomechanical faults such as dysfunctions and positional faults. These altered static and dynamic mechanics can create a cascade of problems along the biomechanical chain. The co-existence of thoracolumbar junction problems with pelvic pain and dysfunctions strengthens the idea of regional interdependence.Case presentationThe patient is a 44-year-old Caucasian male who reported pain in the low back with symptoms radiating to the right hip, iliac region, lower abdomen, and gluteal region. The patient tested positive for Sacroiliac joint dysfunction with both Laslett’s cluster testing and palpatory sacroiliac examination. In addition, the segmental examination showed restriction in thoracolumbar junction with positive skin rolling test and hypomobility in manual segmental testing. Thus, the manual therapy treatment targeted the thoracolumbar junction and sacroiliac joint to address the underlying biomechanical dysfunctions.ConclusionsThe manual therapy targeting both sacroiliac and thoracolumbar spine can improve pelvic and thoracic spine mobility. In addition, therapeutic exercises can focus on enhancing anterior and posterior chain force generation capacity. This combined approach helped improve functional outcomes with a significant decrease in the Modified Oswestry Disability index and significant improvement on Visual analog scale.

On the Impact of Rotational Mobility in Directional Cellular Systems

The high data rates required for next generation applications necessitate the use of millimeter wave and terahertz bands where bandwidth is abundant. Due to high path loss in these bands, antenna arrays (AAs) are needed to focus the signal in highly directional beams in the desired directions. However, highly directional communication links in these bands are vulnerable to misalignment and blockages due to mobility. Thus, both mobile blockers and user equipment (UE) rotations can significantly increase the handover (HO) frequency, while HO delays and HO failures jeopardize system latency and reliability. Furthermore, the scanning angle of each AA is limited by the orientation of the device, the mounting angle of the AA, the element spacing and the grating sidelobes formed during beamforming, which is referred as Field-of-View (FoV). In scenarios with UE rotational mobility, limited FoV may lead to loss of connection with the source next-generation NodeB (gNB). In this paper, we analyze current HO and radio link monitoring protocols in scenarios with UE rotational mobility and mobile blockers. We use a Markov Chain based analytical model as well as MATLAB based system level simulations to show how user rotation can significantly increase the outage duration under various deployment configurations. We propose enhancements to enable faster HO under user rotations and demonstrate significant performance improvements using simulations.

Resolution and characterization of confinement- and temperature-dependent dynamics in solvent phases that surround proteins in frozen aqueous solution by using spin-probe EPR spectroscopy.

Spin probe electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy is applied to characterize the dynamics of concentric hydration and mesophase solvent domains that surround proteins within the ice boundary in frozen aqueous solutions. The solvent dynamics are tuned by variation of temperature (190-265K) and by the degree of ice boundary confinement, which is modulated by the volume of added cryosolvent (0-~50Å separation distance from protein surface). Goals are to: (1) characterize the protein-coupled solvent dynamics on correlation time scales of ~10-10<τ<10-7s, and spatial scales from protein surface to periphery of the surrounding solution, from the perspective of a free, small-molecule (~7Å diameter) probe, and (2) reveal properties of the solvent-protein coupling that can be correlated with protein functions, that are measureable under the same conditions. Rotational mobility of the nitroxide spin probe, TEMPOL, resolves and tracks two solvent components, the protein-associated domain (PAD; akin to hydration layer) and surrounding mesodomain, through their distinct temperature- and confinement-dependent values of τ and normalized weight. Detailed protocols are described for simulation of two-component nitroxide EPR spectra, which are categorized by line shape regime and guided by a library of template spectra and simulation parameters derived from two model soluble globular proteins. The order-disorder transition in the PAD, which is a universal feature of protein-coupled solvent dynamics, provides a well-defined, tunable property for elucidating mechanism in solvent-protein-function dynamical coupling. The low-temperature mesodomain system and EPR spin probe method are generally applicable to reveal solvent contributions to a broad range of macromolecule-mediated biological processes.

Three-Dimensional Upper Body Kinematics and Inter-articular Kinematic Sequence During a Canoe Polo Throw.

Canoe polo is an increasingly popular discipline requiring both kayaking and ball-handling skills. While the kinematics of the upper body during throw has been investigated for several overhead sports, the canoe polo throw has still to be studied. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the canoe polo throw kinematics in terms of angles and inter-articular sequencing to understand its specificity. A secondary aim was to investigate whether adding pelvis mobility has an impact. Nineteen male players of canoe polo were equipped with reflective body markers for the throw analysis. They performed 5 throws with the pelvis fixed and 5 throws with additional pelvic mobility in rotation around a vertical axis. Inverse kinematics was performed with OpenSim providing pelvis, trunk, and glenohumeral rotations. Angular velocities were calculated to build the inter-articular sequences relative to these throws. Statistical parametric mapping was used to assess the effect of pelvis mobility on the throwing kinematics. Similar kinematics patterns as in other overhead sports were observed, however, a different inter-articular sequence was found for the canoe polo throw with a maximal angular velocity occurring sooner for the thorax in axial rotation than for the pelvis in rotation. While the limitation of rotation of the pelvis around a vertical axis has an influence on the pelvis and trunk kinematics, it did not modify the kinematic sequence.

19F MAS NMR study on anion intercalation into graphite positive electrodes from binary-mixed highly concentrated electrolytes

Dual-graphite batteries (DGBs), which are based on anion intercalation into graphite positive electrodes, exhibit great potential for stationary energy storage due to use of more sustainable and low-cost electrode materials and processing routes. Binary-mixed highly concentrated electrolytes (HCEs) appeal highly suitable for the high operating voltages of DGBs, although the lack of sufficient insights into the formation of graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) limits the cell performance in terms of specific capacity and lifetime so far. Herein, anion intercalation from single-salt HCEs (LiPF 6 and LiBF 4 ) and an equimolar binary mixture of LiPF 6 /LiBF 4 are studied in graphite || Li metal cells, revealing an improved performance in terms of specific capacity and Coulombic efficiency in the order LiPF 6 > LiPF 6 /LiBF 4 > LiBF 4 . LiBF 4 -based cells exhibit an increased onset potential for anion intercalation and higher area specific impedance, suggesting an ineffective interphase formation at graphite. X-ray diffraction reveals GIC formation, while a lower stage number is achieved for the LiBF 4 -based HCE. 19 F MAS NMR spectroscopy analysis at various states-of-charge confirms no significant charge transfer between the intercalated anions and the graphite host and suggest preferred intercalation of PF 6 - compared to BF 4 - as well as a high translational and/or rotational mobility of the intercalated anions. • Anion intercalation into graphite from binary-mixed BF 4 ˉ/PF 6 - electrolytes. • Electrochemical performance: LiPF 6 /DMC > LiPF 6 /LiBF 4 /DMC > LiBF 4 /DMC. • 19 F MAS NMR spectroscopy is a powerful method to analyze BF 4 ˉ/PF 6 - intercalation. • Molar ratios of intercalated anions verify preferred PF 6 - intercalation. • High translational and/or rotational mobility of the intercalated anions.

Dynamic stability of centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers allowing a rotational mobility

Centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers (CPVA) are used in the automobile industry to reduce the vibrations of the transmission system. These passive devices are made of several masses oscillating along a given trajectory relative to the rotor. In this paper, the dynamic stability of a new class of CPVA is investigated. The particularity of this new class is that masses now admit a significant rotation motion relative to the rotor, in addition to the traditional translation motion. The efficiency of such devices is optimal for a perfect synchronous motion of the oscillating masses. However, masses unison can be broken for the benefit of energy localisation on a given absorber, leading to a loss of mitigation performances. To assess the stability of such devices, a dynamical model based on an analytic perturbation method is established. The aim of this model is to predict analytically localisation and jumps of the response. The validity of the model is confirmed through a comparison with both a numerical resolution of the system’s dynamics and an experimental study.

Conceptual model of patho- and sanogenesis of the sacroiliac joint osteoarthritis

Objective. To develop a conceptual model of patho- and sanogene­sis of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) osteoarthritis on base of the known data about the SIJ, the results of our own biomechanical studies of this joint, its ligaments and stabilizing muscles by finite element modelling, data of clinical verification of these results. Methods. The object of the model is the SIJ as a link, which connects the spine and pelvis. The proposed conceptual model is based on the M. Panjabi hypothesis of chronic lumbar pain in the case of partial dama­ge to ligaments, which leads to muscle dysfunction. Results. A new conceptual model of SIJ osteoarthritis was developed. In this model we tried to take into account the limitations of the existing SIJ stability hypotheses and models of the appearance of the pelvic girdle pain, SIJ dysfunction and SIJ arthrosis. The model is based on the results of our own research. It was proved, that patients with SIJ osteoarthritis have an asymmetry of the width of the joint slits, the inclination of the sacrum and pelvis, sacral rotation, hyperlordosis in the LV–SI segment. These factors lead to a shift of the horizontal axis of sacral rotational mobility relative to the pelvic bones. This horizontal axis shift leads to the instabili­ty of the SIJ on one side of the joint, and to the functional block on another side. The results of these functional changes were damage of the SIJ ligaments-stabilizers, dysfunction of the SIJ muscles-stabilizers, degenerative changes of SIJ elements and pain. The deve­loped model allows to explain the distortion of muscular response pattern in patients with improper SIJ biomechanics in conditions of SIJ osteoarthritis. The increase of the SIJ biomechanics changes enlarges the the muscle response pattern distortion. Conclusions. The developed conceptual model explains many clinical manifestations of the SIJ osteoarthritis and will help to understand better the mechanics of the pelvic girdle pain in such conditions, will improve the results of diagnosis and treatment.

Impact of Xylose on Dynamics of Water Diffusion in Mesoporous Zeolites Measured by NMR.

Zeolites are known to be effective catalysts in biomass converting processes. Understanding the mesoporous structure and dynamics within it during such reactions is important in effectively utilizing them. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T2 relaxation and diffusion measurements, using a high-power radio frequency probe, are shown to characterize the dynamics of water in mesoporous commercially made 5A zeolite beads before and after the introduction of xylose. Xylose is the starting point in the dehydration into furfural. The results indicate xylose slightly enhances rotational mobility while it decreases translational motion through altering the permeability, K, throughout the porous structure. The measurements show xylose inhibits pure water from relocating into larger pores within the zeolite beads where it eventually is expelled from the bead itself.

Solute Diffusion into Polymer Swollen by Supercritical CO2 by High-Pressure Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Chromatography.

High-pressure electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to measure translational diffusion coefficients (Dtr) of a TEMPONE spin probe in poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) and swollen in supercritical CO2. Dtr was measured on two scales: macroscopic scale (>1 μm), by measuring spin probe uptake by the sample; and microscopic scale (<10 nm), by using concentration-dependent spectrum broadening. Both methods yield similar translational diffusion coefficients (in the range 5–10 × 10−12 m2/s at 40–60 °C and 8–10 MPa). Swollen PDLLA was found to be homogeneous on the nanometer scale, although the TEMPONE spin probe in the polymer exhibited higher rotational mobility (τcorr = 6 × 10−11 s) than expected, based on its Dtr. To measure distribution coefficients of the solute between the swollen polymer and the supercritical medium, supercritical chromatography with sampling directly from the high-pressure vessel was used. A distinct difference between powder and bulk polymer samples was only observed at the start of the impregnation process.

Effects of dry needling of the obliquus capitis inferior on sensorimotor control and cervical mobility in people with neck pain: A double-blind, randomized sham-controlled trial

BackgroundImpairments of sensorimotor control relating to head and eye movement control and postural stability are often present in people with neck pain. The upper cervical spine and particularly the obliquus capitis inferior (OCI) play an important proprioceptive role; and its impairment may alter cervical sensorimotor control. Dry needling (DN) is a valid technique to target the OCI. ObjectivesTo investigate if a single DN session of the OCI muscle improves head and eye movement control-related outcomes, postural stability, and cervical mobility in people with neck pain. MethodsForty people with neck pain were randomly assigned to receive a single session of DN or sham needling of the OCI. Cervical joint position error (JPE), cervical movement sense, standing balance and oculomotor control were examined at baseline, immediately post-intervention, and at one-week follow-up. Active cervical rotation range of motion and the flexion rotation test were used to examine the global and upper cervical rotation mobility, respectively. ResultsLinear mixed-models revealed that the DN group showed a decrease of JPE immediately post-intervention compared to the sham group (mean difference [MD]= -0.93°; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -1.85, -0.02) which was maintained at one-week follow-up (MD= -1.64°; 95%CI: -2.85, -0.43). No effects on standing balance or cervical movement sense were observed in both groups. Upper cervical mobility showed an increase immediately after DN compared to the sham group (MD= 5.14°; 95%CI: 0.77, 9.75) which remained stable at one-week follow-up (MD= 6.98°; 95%CI: 1.31, 12.40). Both group showed an immediate increase in global cervical mobility (MD= -0.14°; 95%CI: -5.29, 4.89). ConclusionThe results from the current study suggest that a single session of DN of the OCI reduces JPE deficits and increases upper cervical mobility in patients with neck pain. Future trials should examine if the addition of this technique to sensorimotor control training add further benefits in the management of neck pain.

The Relationship Between Trunk Rotation Mobility And Sonographic Characteristics Of The Ucl In Female Collegiate Division I Golfers

The Relationship Between Trunk Rotation Mobility And Sonographic Characteristics Of The Ucl In Female Collegiate Division I Golfers

Study on the synthesis of spin labeled poly(styrene-co-maleic acid)s and their segmental motion

Study of the segmental mobility of polymer chains is important when the polymer is used as drag reduction agents of crude oil. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy can provide important information about segmental dynamics of polymer chains, which is related to their microenvironment. In this article, we employed an amphiphilic polymer to study the effect of hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of the polymers on the segmental motion of polymer chains. Poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) (PSMA) was spin labeled with 4-amino TEMPO radicals by increasing the concentration of radical moiety on the polymer chains. The PSMA and spin labeled-PSMAs (SL-PSMAs) were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and ESR techniques. Inter-polymer complexes (IPCs) of SL-PSMA-2 were prepared by employing polyethylene glycols (PEGs) of varying molecular weights. The results showed that the increased hydrophobic interactions of nitroxide radicals on the SL-PSMAs’ chains reduced the rotational mobility of spin labels and the random coil-to-globular transition of polymer chains occurred at higher pH value for SL-PSMAs, which showed a slow motion component in the ESR spectra of SL-PSMAs. Further, by increasing the molecular weight of PEGs in IPCs the complexation was increased, which also reduced the rotational motion of spin labels due to interpolymer hydrogen bonding causing a slow motion component in the ESR spectra.

Amphiphilic Effects of Chlorhexidine Digluconate on Rotational Mobility in Bacterial Outer Membranes and Liposomes

Amphiphilic Effects of Chlorhexidine Digluconate on Rotational Mobility in Bacterial Outer Membranes and Liposomes