Rotation Angle Sensor Research Articles

Rotation angle sensor based on magnetostrictive materials and fiber Bragg gratings

We present a sensor concept for measuring rotation angle based on magnetostrictive materials and fiber Bragg grating strain sensors. The fiber optic strain sensors are used to measure strain in developed in the magnetostrictive rods due to the rotating permanent magnets. The measured strain is related to the angle of rotation. Numerical modeling was performed to investigate the response of magnetostrictive rods due to different angular orientation of magnets. A prototype based on a pendulum was designed to measure the angle with respect to the direction of gravity. Experimental evaluation of its performance revealed a large amount of hysteresis present in the strain data. Finally, we provide some suggestions for further improvement of the design to improve performance and reduce the amount of hysteresis.

Rotation Angle Sensor Based on a One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal with a Defect

Rotation Angle Sensor Based on a One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal with a Defect

A Highly Sensitive Curvature and Rotation Angle Sensor Based on Asymmetric Hollow-Core Anti-Resonant Fiber

A Highly Sensitive Curvature and Rotation Angle Sensor Based on Asymmetric Hollow-Core Anti-Resonant Fiber

Light-Weight and Compact Magnetic Rotation Angle Sensor with Partial Arc Stator Using Three Hall-Effect Sensors

Light-Weight and Compact Magnetic Rotation Angle Sensor with Partial Arc Stator Using Three Hall-Effect Sensors

Constructing a capacitive rotating angle sensing system using a hand-made oscillator and testers

In this study, we develop a capacitive rotating angle sensing system using a hand-made 1 kHz oscillator, field-effect transistor (FET) amplifier, and tester through a physics experiment conducted in Ryukoku University. Physics majors of the university can study the fundamentals of electronics through this system because it uses electronic elements, such as transistors and FETs. We fabricated the circuit of a rotation angle sensor system using a fan-type and coaxial variable capacitor. The capacitance of the variable capacitors varied linearly with the rotation angle. Owing to the CR high-pass filter, constructed by capacitors and a 100 kΩ resistor, the output voltage of the system was linear with capacitors and the rotation angle. Not only can this system be used to teach university-level physics, but its applications could extend to various industries.

The basic examination of the magnetic rotation angle sensor with the magnetic substance slit

AbstractThe optical rotation angle sensor is characterized in that it is excellent in resolution and angle detection accuracy, and the magnetic sensor is characterized in that it is resistant to foreign matter such as dust and dirt, and that it is possible to achieve low power consumption, small size, and low cost of the sensor, as compared with the optical sensor. However, in the magnetic type, in order to obtain a high resolution as compared with the optical type, it is necessary to make the magnetization period of the magnet fine, so the magnetic rotation angle sensor has the difficulties compared with the optical type. This time, for magnetic rotation angle detection, we carried out a feasibility study by magnetic field simulation and principle verification experiments on a technique of extracting signals of two frequencies from one signal detection track by modulating a magnetic field from a magnet with a slit of a magnetic material, and this paper reports the result.

Rotation angle sensing system using magnetostrictive alloy Terfenol-D and permanent magnet

In this study, we developed a rotation angle sensor using the polycrystalline magnetostrictive alloy Terfenol-D, an SmCo permanent magnet, and a commercial dial gauge. The magnetostriction ΔL/L value was measured based on the variation in the electrical resistance of a strain gauge fixed on Terfenol-D. The merit of this system is that it is non-contact and can convert the measured electrical resistance directly into the angle of rotation. The ΔL/L was proportional to the distance x between Terfenol-D and the SmCo magnet. The deviation of the measured points from the fitting linear line was ±0.4%, which corresponds to ± 1.4°per 360°rotation.The developed system is suitable for rotation angle sensors. We also performed the actuation of this sensor system in variable state and compared this sensor system with giant magnetoresistance or Hall sensors; the rotational angle, maximum speed, and errors are not significantly different from those of other sensing types.

Extraction method for a wheel rotation average of longitudinal creep force from strain data acquired by instrumented wheelset without the use of rotation angle sensor

Extraction method for a wheel rotation average of longitudinal creep force from strain data acquired by instrumented wheelset without the use of rotation angle sensor

Active fault-tolerant control of rotation angle sensor in steer-by-wire system based on multi-objective constraint fault estimator

Purpose Steer-by-wire (SBW) system mainly relies on sensors, controllers and motors to replace the traditionally mechanical transmission mechanism to realize steering functions. However, the sensors in the SBW system are particularly vulnerable to external influences, which can cause systemic faults, leading to poor steering performance and even system instability. Therefore, this paper aims to adopt a fault-tolerant control method to solve the safety problem of the SBW system caused by sensors failure. Design/methodology/approach This paper proposes an active fault-tolerant control framework to deal with sensors failure in the SBW system by hierarchically introducing fault observer, fault estimator, fault reconstructor. Firstly, the fault observer is used to obtain the observation output of the SBW system and then obtain the residual between the observation output and the SBW system output. And then judge whether the SBW system fails according to the residual. Secondly, dependent on the residual obtained by the fault observer, a fault estimator is designed using bounded real lemma and regional pole configuration to estimate the amplitude and time-varying characteristics of the faulty sensor. Eventually, a fault reconstructor is designed based on the estimation value of sensors fault obtained by the fault estimator and SBW system output to tolerate the faulty sensor. Findings The numerical analysis shows that the fault observer can be rapidly activated to detect the fault while the sensors fault occurs. Moreover, the estimation accuracy of the fault estimator can reach to 98%, and the fault reconstructor can make the faulty SBW system to retain the steering characteristics, comparing to those of the fault-free SBW system. In addition, it was verified for the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control framework. Research limitations/implications As the SBW fault diagnosis and fault-tolerant control in this paper only carry out numerical simulation research on sensors faults in matrix and laboratory/Simulink, the subsequent hardware in the loop test is needed for further verification. Originality/value Aiming at the SBW system with parameter perturbation and sensors failure, this paper proposes an active fault-tolerant control framework, which integrates fault observer, fault estimator and fault reconstructor so that the steering performance of SBW system with sensors faults is basically consistent with that of the fault-free SBW system.

The Basic Examination of the Magnetic Rotation Angle Sensor with the Magnetic Substance Slit

The Basic Examination of the Magnetic Rotation Angle Sensor with the Magnetic Substance Slit

New electrochemical and physical measurements on sensitive glasses in thin-film technology

All-solid-state sensors have several advantages compared to conventional ones. These include, e.g., miniaturization, planar design, location independence and an uncom­plicated realization of sensors for high pressure and high temperature. Therefore, a number of physical sensors, such as temperature sensors, pressure sensors, rotation angle sensors and force sensors are available in thin-film techniques. The presented paper shows the advantages to combination of thin and thick film tech­niques to manufacture electrochemical sensors, especially using pulsed laser ablation to create amorphous layers of glass. Furthermore, it investigates the range of possibilities for characterization of bulk and surface properties with electrochemical methods and specialized techniques with thermally stimulated currents (TSC).

The basic examination of the magnetic shielding structure to use for a magnetic rotation angle sensor

AbstractThe magnetic rotation angle sensor has more merits such as small‐sized, low‐cost, and the low‐power consumption than the optical sensor. But the magnetic rotation angle sensor has the demerit to be weak to the disturbance magnetic field applied from outside the sensor, so the magnetic rotation angle sensor needs magnetic shielding structure. We proposed the magnetic shielding structure of the parallel plate type that is the simpler technique to the magnetic shielding structure of enclosing the whole sensor with the magnetic substance. We confirmed that the parallel plate type has almost the same shielding performance as the magnetic shielding structure of enclosing the whole sensor with the magnetic substance at the magnetic detecting device. We have made a prototype and evaluated angle detection error with the disturbance magnetic field. As a result, we confirmed that the error is 0.06° when 10 mT disturbance magnetic fields hang over the sensor.

Optical system of rotation angle sensor based on BR-180 ° prism and photoelectric autocollimator

Optical system of rotation angle sensor based on BR-180 ° prism and photoelectric autocollimator

Options for non-embedded optical systems of rotation angle sensors based on the BR-180º prism and photoelectric autocollimator

Options for non-embedded optical systems of rotation angle sensors based on the BR-180º prism and photoelectric autocollimator

The Basic Examination of the Magnetic Shielding Structure to Use for a Magnetic Rotation Angle Sensor

The Basic Examination of the Magnetic Shielding Structure to Use for a Magnetic Rotation Angle Sensor

Random Rotational Entire-Angle Sensor Using Two Chemical Etching Intrinsic Fabry–Pérot Interferometers

We demonstrate a full range rotational angle sensor system using two chemical etching intrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometers (FPIs) fabricated by an electrical arc discharge technique. The use of magnetic scale, combined packaged FPI detectors, allows the exploration of position characteristic with direction discrimination. Numerical simulation is employed for optimizing the distance $(d)$ between the detector and the circle magnetic scale. Experiments and numerical simulation show the interference dip shifts of FPI have sinusoidal relation with the rotational angle, as d ranging from 1 to 2.5 mm. Measurements showed five times ( $d=1$ ) and four times ( $d=1.5$ ) of magnitude greater than FBG detectors, with the linearity of 0.993 and 0.999, respectively. The sinusoidal function variations are displayed by two detectors with a phase difference of 90 degrees, which help to discriminate rotational direction. Moreover, two detectors have a low temperature cross-sensitivity of 2.3 pm/C°. The important advantage of our rotational angle sensor is their angle measurement range without limitation.

Angle Sensor for a High-Speed Galvo Scanner

The capacitive angle sensor of the galvanometer scanner is designed. The task of developing a rotation angle sensor in the range of ±20 deg for scanning speeds of up to 20 kHz is being solved. The linear dependence of the change in capacitance on the angle in the considered range is achieved.

One novel type of miniaturization FBG rotation angle sensor with high measurement precision and temperature self-compensation

In order to achieve rotation angle measurement, one novel type of miniaturization fiber Bragg grating (FBG) rotation angle sensor with high measurement precision and temperature self-compensation is proposed and studied in this paper. The FBG rotation angle sensor mainly contains two core sensitivity elements (FBG1 and FBG2), triangular cantilever beam, and rotation angle transfer element. In theory, the proposed sensor can achieve temperature self-compensation by complementation of the two core sensitivity elements (FBG1 and FBG2), and it has a boundless angel measurement range with 2π rad period duo to the function of the rotation angle transfer element. Based on introducing the joint working processes, the theory calculation model of the FBG rotation angel sensor is established, and the calibration experiment on one prototype is also carried out to obtain its measurement performance. After experimental data analyses, the measurement precision of the FBG rotation angle sensor prototype is 0.2 ° with excellent linearity, and the temperature sensitivities of FBG1 and FBG2 are 10 pm/℃ and 10.1 pm/℃, correspondingly. All these experimental results confirm that the FBG rotation angle sensor can achieve large-range angle measurement with high precision and temperature self-compensation.

Displacement and rotation angle sensor for system of programming control of machines

Displacement and rotation angle sensor for system of programming control of machines

A Novel Triboelectric Generator Based on the Combination of a Waterwheel‐Like Electrode with a Spring Steel Plate For Efficient Harvesting of Low‐Velocity Rotational Motion Energy

A waterwheel‐like electrode combined with a spring steel plate is used to construct a novel triboelectric generator (WSTG) for efficient harvesting of low‐velocity rotational motion energy. By utilizing a spring steel plate, the energy of a low‐speed rotational motion is first transformed into elastic potential energy through elastic deformation stored in the device, and then the elastic potential energy is released into kinetic energy of high‐speed motion. Thus, a high output current is obtained. With its unique five‐blade, waterwheel‐like structure, each of the electrodes can fully contact the polymer friction layer during the rotation process. The WSTG achieves a maximum current, voltage, and power density of 102 μA, 612 V, and 3.12 W m−2, respectively, in low‐speed rotating motion. The working mechanism, robustness, and other factors that may affect the output performance are systematically studied. Moreover, a rotating speed and rotational angle sensor based on this WSTG is fabricated. The advantages of such WSTG working at low‐speed rotational motion with high efficiency provide great potential applications in ambient energy harvesting.