Root Development Of Cuttings Research Articles

Effects of steel slag mixed substrate on rooting of Hydrangea macrophylla cuttings.

To investigate the effect of steel slag used as substrate on the rooting of Hydrangea macrophylla cuttings, and to develop a new mixed substrate that can partially replace conventional cutting substrates and realize the high-efficient utilization of solid waste, we examined the physical and chemical properties of different mixed substrates containing 10% (T1), 20% (T2), 30% (T3), and 40% (T4) volume fractions of steel slag, and investigated the rooting of H. macrophylla 'Red Beauty' cuttings growing on these substrates, with conventional cutting substrates (peat and perlite) as the control (CK). The results showed that pH value, electrical conductivity, and bulk density of the mixed substrates were significantly higher than those of CK. The aeration porosity of T2 was higher than other treatments, while the total porosity and water holding porosity differed little from others. Both fresh weight and dry weight of all the four treatments were higher than those of CK, with stem diameter being higher than that of CK (except T4), plant height showing no significant difference compared to CK (except T4), and leaf chlorophyll content being significantly lower than CK. Root length ranked as T2>CK>T1>T3>T4, the root surface area and root volume both ranked as T2>T1>CK>T4>T3, the root tip ranked as T2>CK>T1>T4>T3. Both average root diameter and root activity were significantly higher than that of CK, with the highest value being observed in T2. Soluble sugar content in the leaves of T2 was the highest, followed by T4, T3, CK, and T1. The weight ranking of root growth indices was root activity > average root diameter > root volume > root surface area > root tip number > root length. Redundancy analysis indicated that pH value, electrical conductivity, aeration porosity, and water holding porosity of substrates were key factors influencing root growth and development of cuttings. Our results suggested that substrates mixed with 10% to 40% steel slag could be used for H. macrophylla cutting propagation, and 20% (T2) being the best one because it could significantly improve the survival rate, growth status, and root development of cuttings. Steel slag would be a novel substrate to partially replace conventional unrenewable substrates such as peat and perlite for flower seedling propagation, which could reduce agricultural production cost and provide a high-value utilization way of industry solid waste.

Efficacy of various growing substrates on root development in cuttings of dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus L.)

Efficacy of various growing substrates on root development in cuttings of dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus L.)

Effect of Hormones on Rooting of Apical Cuttings for Propagation of Guava Cv. Lucknow-49

An attempt was made on the propagation of Guava cv. Lucknow-49 during the period of 2022-23 from apical cuttings under mist chamber conditions was undertaken. The apical cuttings were collected from shoot tips measuring about 10 to15 cm treated with different hormones of concentrations viz., IAA @ 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm; NAA @ 2000, 3000 and 4000 ppm along with IBA @ 3000, 4000 and 5000 ppm and these were compared with control, the treated apical cuttings were planted in 40 cavity protrays and kept till 30 days for root induction under mist conditions. The different growth hormonal applications and its varied concentrations excerted a significant effect on root development in cuttings. Apical cuttings treated with IBA @ 5000 ppm was found better for rooting percentage (69.90 %), survival percentage (67.50 %), time taken to root (23.75 days), number of roots per cutting (15.15, 16.25, 17.53 and 24.64) and root length (7.33, 9.78, 13.85 and 18.33 cm) respectively at 30, 60, 90 and 120 DAP, fresh root weight (3.93 and 10.15 g), dry root weight (1.13 and 2.18 g) at 60 and 120 DAP, respectively. The rooting hormone IBA performed better in formation of rooting in apical cuttings when compared to IAA, NAA and untreated control. It can be revealed from the current study that propagation of guava through apical cuttings when treated with IBA @ 5000 ppm was proved as a better propagation method for rooting of cuttings.

Identification of potential pathways associated with indole-3-butyric acid in citrus bud germination via transcriptomic analysis.

Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) is widely used to encourage root development in cuttings of general field crops, vegetables, forest trees, fruit trees, and flowers. However, previous studies reported that IBA inhibited the germination of citrus buds via an unknown molecular mechanism. This study aimed to unravel the regulatory mechanisms underlying this inhibition. Citrus apical buds were sprayed with 100mg ⋅ L-1 IBA. Subsequently, the plant hormone levels were analyzed, and transcriptomic analysis was performed. The results identified 3325 upregulated genes and 2926 downregulated genes in the citrus apical buds. The gene set enrichment analysis method was used to determine the Gene Ontology related to the treatment. Genes were enriched into 157 sets, including 17 upregulated sets and 140 downregulated sets, after indole butyric acid treatment. The upregulated gene sets were related to glucose import, sugar transmembrane transporter activity, and photosynthesis. The downregulated genes were mainly related to the ribosomal subunit and cell cycle process under butyric acid treatment. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed the enrichment of 11 pathways. Of note, genes related to the ribosome and proteasome pathways were significantly downregulated. Only one pathway was significantly upregulated: the autophagy pathway. Overall, these results provided insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning the IBA-mediated inhibition of citrus bud germination inhibition. Also, the study provided a large transcriptomics dataset that could be used for further research.

Overcoming Physiological Bottlenecks of Leaf Vitality and Root Development in Cuttings: A Systemic Perspective

Each year, billions of ornamental young plants are produced worldwide from cuttings that are harvested from stock plants and planted to form adventitious roots. Depending on the plant genotype, the maturation of the cutting, and the particular environment, which is complex and often involves intermediate storage of cuttings under dark conditions and shipping between different climate regions, induced senescence or abscission of leaves and insufficient root development can impair the success of propagation and the quality of generated young plants. Recent findings on the molecular and physiological control of leaf vitality and adventitious root formation are integrated into a systemic perspective on improved physiologically-based control of cutting propagation. The homeostasis and signal transduction of the wound responsive plant hormones ethylene and jasmonic acid, of auxin, cytokinins and strigolactones, and the carbon-nitrogen source-sink balance in cuttings are considered as important processes that are both, highly responsive to environmental inputs and decisive for the development of cuttings. Important modules and bottlenecks of cutting function are identified. Critical environmental inputs at stock plant and cutting level are highlighted and physiological outputs that can be used as quality attributes to monitor the functional capacity of cuttings and as response parameters to optimize the cutting environment are discussed. Facing the great genetic diversity of ornamental crops, a physiologically targeted approach is proposed to define bottleneck-specific plant groups. Components from the field of machine learning may help to mathematically describe the complex environmental response of specific plant species.

Genetic and environmental influences on root development in cuttings of selected Salix and Populus clones – a greenhouse experiment

This study investigated how genetic determination of adventitious root development compared in experimental hybrid and parental Salix and Populus clones, and how soil bulk density influenced root development. Cuttings of 11 Salix clones and 10 Populus clones were grown in pots with water, a low bulk density soil and a high bulk density soil for 4 (water) or 10 weeks (soils). Parameters relating to root development were measured. Root initiation, total root length (RL), and dry mass (DM), as well as root: shoot relationships in Salix clones exceeded that of Populus clones in all media. For Salix clones RL and DM were highest in S. matsudana × pentandra and for Populus clones RL and DM were generally higher in hybrid clones having P. trichocarpa parentage. Mean RL and DM for all clones were generally greater in the low bulk density soil than in the high bulk density soil. There were a greater proportion of thinner roots in the low bulk density soil than in the high bulk density soil. There were significant differences in root initiation, RL, and DM among clones within each genus. Increasing soil bulk density significantly reduced root development in both Salix and Populus clones. Evaluating cutting root development in pot trials could be a useful clone selection tool in willow and poplar breeding.

Presowing application of gibberellic acid on seeds used for the mung bean bioassay, promotes root formation in cuttings

Before sowing, seeds of mung bean ( Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilcz) used for the rooting bioassay, were soaked in water or in a gibberellic acid (GA 3) aqueous solution. Later, the excised cuttings from stock plants of both categories were treated with an aqueous solution of growth regulators or nutrients. GA 3 induced a greater elongation of hypocotyl, but the total length and fresh weight of the shoot of stock plants from GA 3- and H 2O-treated seeds did not differ significantly. The application of GA 3 (10 −11–10 −3 M) resulted in a small increase in the number of adventitious roots formed, which was correlated to its concentration. However, when the cuttings were treated with indolebutyric acid (IBA), paclobutrazol (PBZ) or sucrose, significant positive interactions were observed between the effects of presowing application of GA 3 (10 −3 M) to seeds and the other treatments. Between the effects of GA 3 and Hoagland nutrient solution there was not a significant interaction. The data indicate that although the presowing application of GA 3 promoted root development in cuttings only in a small degree, it contributed significantly to the formation of more roots by increasing the responsiveness of hypocotyl tissues to indolebutyric acid, paclobutrazol and sucrose.

Heat Tolerance of DormantVitis viniferaCuttings

Cuttings of one-year-old <i>Vitis vinifera</i> canes of cvs. Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Chardonnay, and Chenin blanc were treated at temperatures between 50°C and 60°C for time periods up to 30 minutes to determine their heat tolerance. Survival was estimated by visual observations of shoot and root development of cuttings in the greenhouse after four to six weeks. All cultivars had survival rates equal to controls when treated at 54°C for 30 minutes. Treatment of samples above 54°C revealed seasonal and cultivar variability in heat tolerance. Maximum heat tolerance is significantly higher than previously reported. These data indicate that dormant cuttings of <i>Vitis vinifera</i> are capable of surviving extended periods of heat treatment that may be essential for eliminating <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> (Smith and Townsend 1906) Conn 1942 biovar 3, the crown gall bacterium during asexual propagation.

The Role of Ethylene in the Inhibition of Rooting under Low Oxygen Tensions

A 60-fold increase in ethylene content was observed in stem cuttings of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum x morifolium Ramat.) held in aero-hydroponics under anoxic conditions during the 8 to 12 days necessary for adventitious root formation. Ethylene, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, and 10-(malonylamino) cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid contents were highest in the immersed portion of the cuttings, but there was substantial ethylene produced by the anoxic, misted portions of the cutting above the liquid. Application of ethylene (10 microliters per liter) to chrysanthemum cuttings stimulated root development in cuttings held in high dissolved oxygen concentrations (8.0 milligrams per liter). Since the application of ethylene did not inhibit rooting in cuttings held at low dissolved oxygen concentrations (2.0 milligrams per liter), the inhibition of rooting under low oxygen concentrations is not mediated by the observed increase in endogenous ethylene content.

Influence of indole‐butyric acid, boron, myo‐inositol, vitamin D2 and seedling age on adventitious root development in cuttings of Phaseolus aureus

Adventitious roots develop in stem cuttings of Phaseolus aureus Roxb. seedlings when treatment with indole‐butyric acid (IBA) is followed by treatment with boron. Root development varies according to the age of seedlings from which cuttings are taken. Increased root number is associated with expansion of the first leaf pair but subsequently declines, whereas root growth increases with increasing seedling age. Removal of leaves furing the first 72 h of treatment impairs root initiation whereas root growth is diminished by removal of leaves at any time during the first 120 h of treatment. IBA stimulates movement of 14C‐IAA out of leaves. Vitamin D2 and myo‐inositol stimulate rooting of intact cuttings provided cuttings are subsequently supplied with boron. Hypocotyls excised from cuttings pretreated with IBA develop roots in response to myo‐inositol in the absence of boron. It is proposed that endogenous auxin, arising in the leaves, and myo‐inositol have roles in root initiation whilst the role of boron is suggested as one of initiating or maintaining transport from the leaves.

THE ROLE OF LEAVES IN AUXIN AND BORON‐DEPENDENT ROOTING OF STEM CUTTINGS OF PHASEOLUS AUREUS ROXB.

SUMMARYThe promotion of rooting of cuttings of Phaseolus aureus by indolebutyric acid (IBA) occurs only when leaves are present. IBA may have some direct action on root initiation in the hypocotyl but its main action is in the leaves where it leads to an early increase in free sugars. A later increase in sugars in the hypocotyl is largely dependent on exogenous boron which is essential for root development in cuttings of light‐grown material. IBA also stimulates and boron promotes the accumulation of l4C in hypocotyls when [l4C]sucrose is applied to the leaves. These events occur before roots develop on the hypocotyl. Illumination of the leaves of cuttings during the rooting treatment (IBA for 1 day, followed by boron for 6 days) is beneficial for root development. A progressive loss of response to IBA and boron by cuttings aged in water prior to the rooting treatment is greater in cuttings with leaves in the light during the period of ageing than with leaves in darkness. Possible roles of leaves, auxin and boron in rooting are discussed.

Effect of Growth-Regulators on Germination (Axillary Bud Growth) and Root Development of Sugar-Cane Stem Cuttings

1. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of growth-regulators on germination and root development in cuttings from two varieties of sugar cane, Canal Point 36/105 and C.P. 36/13. The cuttings were partially or completely immersed in aqueous solutions of the growth-regulators before planting. 2. Although root development in sugar cane was favored by such treatment, the magnitude of response differed with varieties. In general, both indoleacetic acid (IAA) and the amine salt of alpha-ortho-chlorophenoxypropionic acid (alpha-O-CPA) were effective, the latter being more so than the former. 3. Synthetic auxin concentrations which gave maximum rooting responses generally limited the germination of buds. A concentration of 10 p.p.m. for alpha-O-CPA, and of 100 p.p.m. for other materials, seemed to be optimum for both responses. Alpha-O-CPA was found to inhibit germination more than did IAA, whereas a mixture of the two, in the ratio of 1:9, tended to mask shoot inhibition and was suitable also for ...