Roof Prism Research Articles

Roof prism output coupler for gigawatt laser pulses

An output laser reflector is described which is remarkably damage resistant due to the use of a titled total reflexion roof prism. The reflectance of this reflector can be continuously varied by turning the prism about its edge. It has been used for mode-locked pulses of several gigawatts without any damage. Since the reflectivity is independent of the wavelength, it can be used for different types of lasers.

Alignment Characteristics of a Roof Prism Optical Maser

Alignment Characteristics of a Roof Prism Optical Maser

A Kerr Cell with Roof Prism

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Milton Laikin, "A Kerr Cell with Roof Prism," Appl. Opt. 4, 1177-1178 (1965) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article

Crossed Roof Prism Interferometer*

Crossed Roof Prism Interferometer*

Tolerances for Roof Prisms

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Gottfried R. Rosendahl, "Tolerances for Roof Prisms," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 49, 830-830 (1959) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article

A binocular indirect ophthalmoscope with upright fundus image.

One of the greatest obstacles in learning indirect ophthalmoscopy is the inverted image. Not only must one think in terms of the inverted fundus image but also one must learn to move opposite to the direction which seems natural and which has been learned in direct ophthalmoscopy. It, therefore, seemed logical to design an instrument which would produce an upright image whereby movements would be the same as those used in direct ophthalmoscopy. With this aim in mind, the present piece of equipment was designed. It does not appear that such an instrument has been described heretofore. Equipment The optical portions consist of a pair of penta roof prisms (AandB) whose optical axes are mounted at right angles to each other. These prisms are mounted at a distance apart corresponding to the average interpupillary distance. On one face of each of these prisms is cemented a +3.50 D.

Latest Wave in Physical Optics*

An increased interest in physical optics started about 1930. The paper gives a personal selection of some special topics. First, light rays are shown to be different from the paths of the energy. The diffraction patterns of lens errors cannot even approximately be found from the geometric patterns. The new concept of partial coherence is treated next. It has been made possible by introducing a less stringent definition of incoherence. Total reflection causes an absolute phase shift strongly dependent on the angle of incidence. This explains a ray displacement predicted from wrong premises by Goos and Hänchen. Even the old relative phase shift, as in the Fresnel rhomb, gives rise to a new effect, namely, a destructive interference between the two halves issuing from a roof prism. Phase differences which are otherwise unobservable become visible on a coherent background, which is obtained in a simple and accurate way by diffraction.

Diffraction Pattern Deterioration by Roof Prisms*

A description is given of the manner in which two and three internal reflection roof prisms bring about a deterioration in the diffraction pattern form. Assuming a rectangular limiting aperture, the deterioration consists of a doubling of the diffraction pattern in a direction perpendicular to the roof edge. Parallel to the roof edge no deterioration of the diffraction pattern takes place so that in this direction it is always of the Fraunhofer form. If plane polarized light is allowed to enter these prisms, the form of the doubling in a direction perpendicular to the roof edge can be changed by rotating the incident azimuth angle of the entering plane polarized light. Usually such a doubling of the diffraction pattern is associated with an error in the roof angle of the prism. The theory presented both in this paper and the previous paper predicts a doubling of the diffraction pattern in a direction perpendicular to the roof edge even for a prism with a perfect 90° roof angle. As compared with the earlier paper on this same subject, the theory presented in this paper is considerably simplified so that for prisms with uncoated reflecting surfaces the diffraction pattern form can now be calculated for a two or three internal reflection roof prism from a knowledge only of the angular deviation at the roof edge, the prism refractive index, and the entering azimuth angle of the plane polarized light if the prism is illuminated with plane polarized light. Experimentally it was found that silvering the roof surfaces for two different forms of prisms decreased the doubling of the diffraction pattern in a direction perpendicular to the roof edge. The theory presented in this paper makes it possible to calculate also the diffraction pattern forms for roof prisms with coated reflecting surfaces providing the refractive index and absorption index of the coating material are known. In this paper the theory will be carefully tested on the 90° deviation Amici roof prism by comparing the microphotometer tracings of the photographed diffraction patterns with those to be expected from the theory. Several conclusions about the forms of the diffraction patterns for roof prisms having a wide range in geometry will be presented both when these prisms have coated and uncoated reflecting roof surfaces.

Focal Plane Anomalies in Roof Prisms*

A description is given of a focal plane anomaly occurring in a roof prism when parallel light passing through the prism is brought to a focus by a lens. The anomaly consists of a doubling of the image in a direction perpendicular to the roof edge while parallel to the roof edge, the image remains single and sharp. If plane polarized light is allowed to enter the prism, the form of the doubling can be changed by rotating the incident azimuth angle of the entering plane polarized light. Usually in roof prisms, such a doubling is to be associated with a roof angle error. It is the purpose of this paper to show that such is not the case for this particular prism. The following development also suggests that all roof prisms can be expected to possess to some degree these same characteristics. The magnitude of the doubling in unpolarized light and the changes in the doubling in plane polarized light when the incident azimuth angle is rotated will be shown to be a function of the geometry of the prism and its refractive index.