Role Of Solidarity Research Articles

Cross-class solidarity in times of crisis: the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on support for redistribution

This study investigates how the economic crisis associated with the COVID-19 pandemic impacted support for social assistance in Germany. We formulate our expectations drawing from the classical political economy literature on self-interest and the burgeoning research on the role of solidarity. On the one hand, we hypothesize that only low-income individuals impacted economically by COVID-19, who can benefit from social assistance, will support its expansion. On the other hand, we expect higher-income individuals affected economically by COVID-19 to be more supportive of social assistance, even though they do not benefit from it, and less likely to consider welfare recipients ‘undeserving’ compared to higher-income individuals not economically affected by the pandemic. We argue that first-hand crisis experiences update people’s beliefs about how luck impacts one’s economic situation in the presence of an exogenous shock. We combine observational and experimental data from an original survey collected in Germany in April 2021 to test our expectations. On average, low-income respondents appear to be the most vigorous supporters of social assistance, but their support is not conditional on their experience of the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead, we find that the support for more social assistance among affluent individuals depends on the economic impact of the pandemic. We experimentally manipulated the deservingness of welfare recipients and found that better-off respondents impacted by the pandemic were less likely to penalize even the most ‘undeserving’ welfare beneficiaries. We suggest that solidarity between classes in hard times may occur through a convergence of the deservingness perception among individuals. The article has broader implications for studying the effect of crises on solidarity and the conditional nature of class-based explanations for support for different welfare policies.

The role of the concept of solidarity for just distribution of bioethical goods in the international area.

This analysis investigates whether solidarity is an appropriate concept for thinking about justifications for a just distribution of bioethical goods in the international arena. Thiswill be explored by looking at the national origins of the idea of justifying solidarity in the form of the health care that welfare states offer. Following that, 'life' and 'health' will be placed within a philosophical context by focusing on the main arguments of John Rawls and Amartya Sen and the role of solidarity in these two theories of justice will be analysed. It will be shownthat these theories assume that solidarity is not a prerequisite for just international structures. Finally, the possibility will be discussed, that there is a degree of uncertainty surrounding justifications for fair distribution in the international context that can result when the concepts of solidarity and justice are handled imprecisely.

Social integration, solidarity, and psychological health of internally displaced persons in Cameroon: Exploring the role of community satisfaction

Background/IntroductionConflict-induced displacement continue to be a pressing public policy concern due to the adverse effects on the well-being of internally displaced persons (IDPs). Understanding the integration process of these individuals, particularly the role of solidarity and social integration in fostering a sense of belonging and improving their community experiences and psychological well-being, remains unclear. This study investigates the role of community satisfaction in the relationship among social integration, solidarity, and psychological health of IDPs in Cameroon. MethodsCross-sectional data from 428 displaced individuals in the Ntui subdivision, Cameroon, were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). This technique tested four latent variables: social integration, solidarity, community satisfaction, and psychological health. ResultsThe results show a direct association between solidarity and both community satisfaction (β = 0.282; p < 0.001) and psychological health (β = 0.137; p < 0.01). Community satisfaction also has a direct relationship with the psychological health of the IDPs (β = 0.292; p < 0.001). An indirect effect of solidarity on psychological health through community satisfaction was observed (β = 0.084 (SE = 0.025, CI = [0.047, 0.129], p < 0.001)). However, no mediational effect of community satisfaction was found on the association between social integration and psychological health. The model accounted for 7% of the variance in community satisfaction (R2 = 0.07) and 20% of the variance in psychological health (R2 = 0.20). Conclusion: The findings indicate a strong sense of solidarity among the displaced persons in the studied communities in Cameroon, which promotes their psychological health via community satisfaction. As such, interventions should aim to foster solidarity among displaced persons to enhance their community experiences and psychological health.

Do Tourists Stand by the Tourism Industry? Examining Solidarity During and After a Pandemic

How does the suffering of a whole industry influence people’s attitudes toward that industry? This research is the first, across disciplines, to examine this question. The authors provide the first conceptual study and empirical test for the phenomenon called tourism solidarity. Based on seminal social psychology research, tourism solidarity is conceptualized and defined as an individual’s compassion with and support of an industry, resulting from an observation of suffering. The authors use a covariance-based structural equation model as well as a novel Bayesian estimation approach (i.e., non-parametric) to develop a reliable and easy-to-apply tourism solidarity scale and assess its role of solidarity in two consecutive empirical studies. By doing so, the authors are able to empirically demonstrate the importance of tourism solidarity for tourist behavior, and provide both tourism researchers and practitioners with a conceptual model and measurement tool to assess, quantify and actively manage solidarity toward the tourism industry.

The Role of Solidarity in Women’s Empowerment: Narratives from Northeast Brazil

The Role of Solidarity in Women’s Empowerment: Narratives from Northeast Brazil

Solidarity exclusions: Problematizing kinship and humanitarianism from the perspective of transnational adoption.

What is, or should be, the role of solidarity within the (transnationally adoptive) family? In Spain, solidaridad is a prized value in family life, political organization, and humanitarian action, yet adoption professionals actively discouraged its use as a motivation for transnational adoption. This article offers a genealogy of the concept of solidaridad, a consideration of its enduring currency in kinship discourse in Spain, and a critical analysis of case studies from our respective research projects. We show that kinship and humanitarianism are considered very differently in terms of their temporalities and entailments-the terms, and specificities, of their engagements. We argue that solidaridad's multivocality within the transnational adoptive family context has broader significance for kinship, both adoptive and nonadoptive, as well as for social and political engagement across inequality. Solidaridad's exclusions from transnational adoption reveal how kinship and humanitarianism both involve the work of identifying, accommodating, and resolving social difference. [adoption, humanitarianism, kinship, law, Spain].

“Aid, trade and investment”: Water operator partnerships and the Dutch water sector

The concept of water operator partnerships (WOPs) was first proposed by a United Nations (UN) advisory board in 2006. Since then, several hundred WOPs have been implemented within and across different world regions. In contrast to public-private partnerships, WOPs are aimed at facilitating peer-to-peer learning between water and sanitation operators on a not-for-profit basis. According to official UN discourse, “mentor” operators share their expertise out of solidarity and a commitment to enhancing the performance of their peers. However, in light of the controversial history of privatization in the water sector, critics have raised doubts about the role of solidarity as a mentor motivation. Why would water operators assist other providers free-of-charge? Is solidarity indeed the main motivation behind knowledge sharing and capacity building in WOPs, or are more self-interested, profit-oriented incentives driving these activities? This article engages with these questions by analyzing the case of Vitens Evides International (VEI), a public company from the Netherlands that has emerged as the most active “mentor” in North-South WOPs to date. Drawing on interviews with VEI managers, water company representatives, and other experts, I show that VEI’s mentoring activities are driven by a complex array of motivations, including staff development and recruitment, customer relations, sustainable development, and the advancement of opportunities for trade and investment. Some of these motivations are closely intertwined with Dutch development policy and the promotion of Dutch water expertise. More research is needed to understand how these interests and motivations affect social equity, learning, and capacity development in WOPs.

Dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic: an opportunity to reflect on sustainability research

The COVID-19 pandemic has jolted societies out of normality, possibly creating new conditions for sustainability transformations. What does this mean for sustainability research? Because of the scope of the crisis, researchers have been heavily involved: not only have they had to speed up the pace of scientific production to provide urgently needed COVID-19 knowledge, but they have also been affected citizens. For sustainability science, this calls for an experience-based reflection on the positionality and orientation of research aiming to support sustainability transformations. Twenty sustainability researchers discussed their sustainability research on COVID-19 in three workshops based on the following questions: How does the pandemic—and the measures taken to deal with it—affect sustainable development? What can we learn from the pandemic from the perspective of societal transformation? The present discussion paper emerged from this multidisciplinary exchange among sustainability researchers, considering five topics: impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on sustainability transformations; learning for sustainability transformations; the role of solidarity; governance and political steering; and the role of science in society. Our discussions led to a meta-level reflection on what sustainability research can learn from research on COVID-19 regarding topics and disciplinary angles, time dimensions, the role of researchers, and how adequate preparation for both crises and long-term transformations requires interdisciplinary interaction.

Digital community as a success factor of the media project

The article discusses the practice of creating a digital community by independent media projects, the importance of which has grown during the pandemic due to the transformational processes of the “media-audience” relationship. Thus, the pandemic, which has accelerated the transition of all media market actors to digital communication, has reduced the importance of territorial binding of the media editorial office to its audience. At the same time, the role of solidarity of the audience with journalists online has increased. The research task of the article is to identify factors and describe the most successful communicative practices in the Russian media space, conducted through digital platforms for creating a community. The author points to the development of the practice of financial and content participation of the audience with the help of digital platforms and highlights the factors for the creation of such a community by editorial offices. Summarizing the analysis of online media practices during the pandemic and expert interviews with journalists, the author of the article emphasizes that the virtual community today is not only desirable, but also the only feasible way for the development and survival of professional journalistic projects.

Spontaneous ethics in nurses' willingness to work during a pandemic.

Background: In modern healthcare, the role of solidarity, altruism and the natural response to moral challenges in life-threatening situations is still rather unexplored. The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity to obtain a deeper understanding of nurses’ willingness to care for patients during crisis.Objective: To elucidate clinical expressions of ontological situational ethics through nurses’ willingness to work during a pandemic.Research design, participants and context: A qualitative study with an interpretive design was applied. Twenty nurses who worked in intensive care unit at two Swedish hospitals during the first, second, and third waves of the COVID-19 pandemic were interviewed. The analysis was interpretative and applied a theoretical ethics perspective.Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Swedish Ethical Review Authority and informed consent was obtained from all participants.Findings: From a philosophical perspective, the nurses expressed sovereign life expressions of mercy and compassion, which arose spontaneously in response to seeing vulnerable fellow humans. They referenced ‘‘the nurse inside me’’ and their choice of profession as motives to provide care. Ontological situational ethics in culture and norms were noted in the constructs of competence, responsibility, solidarity with colleagues and organization; and interest and learning were driving forces. Ethical demand was evident when nurses expressed ideas of meaningfulness in helping their fellow humans; but themes of ambiguity, exhaustion and unwillingness were also present.Conclusions: The nurses showed a high willingness to care for patients during a crisis. Responding to the ethical demand and to care for vulnerable human beings while risking their own health and lives could be interpreted as an inter-human vocation. These spontaneous altruistic actions saved the lives of many patients during the pandemic and need to be understood and supported

Addressing The Evidence Gap in Medication for Pregnant Women: The Need for More Solidarity?

"Although the inclusion of pregnant women in clinical research has been widely promoted over the last decade, there is still a lack of evidence-based knowledge concerning risk and efficacy of medications used for obstetric and non-obstetric illnesses. It has been argued that solidarity is of key importance in changing the status quo for the group of rare disease patients, for whom, just like pregnant women, a poor evidence-base exists regarding treatments. Therefore, we explore the potential role of solidarity in changing the status quo in the field of pregnant women. By way of an in-depth analysis of the concept of solidarity developed by Barbara Prainsack and Alena Buyx, we assess the role of solidarity in the group of rare disease patients and apply the conditions for solidarity to the group of pregnant women. From this analysis, we derive three lessons for the group of pregnant women: 1) being able to self-organize can have a significant effect on the ability to demand change, 2) organizing and action can be triggered by commonalities, such as shared experiences 3) enabling change involves enacted commitments to accept a cost to assist others with whom one recognizes a similarity in a relevant respect. In this presentation, we argue that an active involvement of pregnant women described as an act of solidarity should be stimulated. With that, engagement and solidarity from other stakeholders involved are necessary to raise awareness about the shared experiences of pregnant women and to realize the infrastructure for active involvement. "

The use of food delivery apps during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: The role of solidarity, perceived risk, and regional aspects

This study aimed to evaluate the use of food delivery apps (FDA) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. A total of 950 questionnaires were collected, covering four Brazilian regions: Southeast, Central-West, Northeast, and South. The data was collected during the peak of the second wave of the pandemic. A questionnaire with 39 measurement items was applied using an online survey. These items were evaluated using a five-point Likert scale covering the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2). The data was analyzed using covariance-based structural equation modeling. About 47% of consumers use FDA weekly. The continuance intention of FDA during the pandemic in Brazil was affected by performance expectancy (β = 0.496; p < 0.001), social influence (β = 0.094; p < 0.001), hedonic motivation (β = 0.068; p = 0.026), price value (β = 0.103; p < 0.001), habit (β = 0.305; p < 0.001), frequency of using FDA (β = 0.051; p = 0.039), and solidarity with the foodservice sector (β = 0.090; p < 0.001). It was also observed that the continuance intention reduces risk perception (β = −0.403; p < 0.001), and risk perception reduces the frequency of using FDA (β = −0.178; p < 0.001). The results indicate that the UTAUT2 strongly explains consumers’ continuance intention. Differences in path estimates among Brazilian regions were observed, indicating some regional differences. It was possible to observe a tendency of using FDA during and after the pandemic, motivated by several factors. The FDA developers and foodservice managers could use this data to improve their services. Policies must be established to increase consumer and employee safety during the delivery service.

Mental wellbeing in a pandemic: the role of solidarity and care

COVID-19 deeply affects many spheres of life. Lockdown measures implemented worldwide have accentuated mental wellbeing changes in the population from the perspectives of space and social relations. These changes leave lasting imprints on individuals and communities. This article draws upon solidarity and care ethics in exploring their role in rebuilding mental wellbeing in the light of constraints arising from lockdown. The diversity of responses to physical and social isolation during the pandemic illuminates the distinctly relational nature of human beings, offering the opportunity for care and solidarity to respond to mental wellbeing challenges in an inclusive and context-sensitive way.

What COVID-19 demonstrates: on the limits of self-interested behaviour, capitalism, and the role of solidarity

What COVID-19 demonstrates: on the limits of self-interested behaviour, capitalism, and the role of solidarity

What COVID-19 demonstrates: on the limits of self-interested behaviour, capitalism, and the role of solidarity

This paper raises systemic questions about capitalism and questions the role that self-interest played in the economy and society and also as a fundamental principle in the economics discipline. Th...

Megszólítási gyakorlatok és stratégiák az oktató-hallgató viszonyban

The aim of this paper is to show how Hungarian address practices are working in the context of higher education. The study also offers a description of interpretations and ideologies related to these practices. The research is based on questionnaires, individual and focus-group interviews conducted with teachers and students of a university institute training Hungarian teachers. The data reveal that the reciprocal use of V forms is the main strategy to convey respect and distance. They also show that a frequent practice is the non-reciprocal use of pronouns (Ön/Maga/te) and the comb inat i on of l ex i ca l forms encod ing var i ous degrees of social distance. The analysis points out that address practices in this community are shaped by the following factors: the hierarchical, role-dependent nature of the teacher-student relationship, the role of solidarity in joint work activities, and the adaptation of individual address repertoires to the norms of the practice community. The paper demonstrates that the non-reciprocal use of address forms does not indicate a high degree of hierarchy, but rather different ideologies and interpretations of address practices on the part of students and teachers.

Social work and the Roma community: elements to improve current practices

ABSTRACT Although the Roma community is the largest ethnic minority in Europe, it continues to experience inequality and exclusion in all social areas. In social work, the literature identifies limitations in providing effective responses to the problems faced by this community. The identification and analysis of practices that have demonstrated a positive impact in overcoming the inequalities of the Roma community become crucial for improving the design and implementation of interventions in social work. This article identifies and analyses three practices related to social work that contribute to the improvement of the Roma community situation and discusses the elements that characterise each practice: the need to implement evidence-based actions, the role of solidarity and respect, and the recognition of the Roma identity. The results show that these three elements contribute to the impact of interventions in improving the lives of Roma people, thus generating useful recommendations to guide the interventions of social work professionals working with this community.

Solidarity Interrupted: Coffee, Cooperatives, and Certification Conflicts in Mexico and Nicaragua

Ethical commodity networks have been advanced as a means to promote cooperative development, engender more democratic forms of governance, promote environmental conservation, and redistribute a greater share of returns to farmers and workers. This essay draws upon long-term ethnographic research on the role of solidarity within two Mesoamerican coffee-producing cooperatives to understand the effects of certification regimes that undergird many ethical commodity networks today. The essay uses a labor-centric conception of solidarity to demonstrate that the pressures and demands created by certifications intended to generate more just outcomes can also strain existing solidarities that bind cooperatives together.

The Family That Prays Together Stays Together: Toward a Process Model of Religious Value Transmission in Family Firms

Research indicates that religious values and ethical behavior are closely associated, yet, at a firm level, the processes by which this association occurs are poorly understood. Family firms are known to exhibit values-based behavior, which in turn can lead to specific firm-level outcomes. It is also known that one’s family is an important incubator, enabler, and perpetuator of religious values across successive generations. Our study examines the experiences of a single, multigenerational business family that successfully enacted their religious values in their business. Drawing upon intergenerational solidarity and values-based leadership theory, and by way of an interpretive, qualitative analysis, we find that the family’s religious values enhanced their cohesion and were manifested in their leadership style, which, in turn, led to outcomes for the business. Our findings highlight the processes that underlie the relationship between religious values and organizational outcomes in family firms and offer insights into the role of solidarity in values-based leadership.

Understanding EU Solidarity and Migration in Crisis: Narratives of Health as Tools of Governance

The so-called European migration crisis has sparked significant attention from scholars and raises questions about the role of solidarity between states and the European Union (EU) in providing policy solutions. Tension exists between upholding the rights of those seeking entry and pooling resources between Member States to provide a fair and efficient migration system. This article deconstructs the shifts that have occurred in EU migration policy since 2015 to highlight how narratives of health have become tools of governance. It does so to illuminate how health narratives operate to minimise the impact that conflicts on the nature and substance of EU solidarity have on policy development in response to the perceived crisis. A governmentality lens is used to analyse the implications of increasingly prescribed policy applications based on screening and categorising, and how measures operate to responsibilise migrants and third-countries to act according to EU values. It is argued this approach to governance results in migrants facing legal uncertainty in terms of accessing their rights and excludes them from the EU political space, which is problematic for how EU governance can be understood.