Role Of Peasants Research Articles

SOCIAL MOVEMENT RESISTANCE AGAINST THE STATE SOCIAL CASE STUDY: PTPN DAMAK MALIHO, BANGUN PURBA DISTRICT, 2008-2009.

The study is about the Resistance movement against the state social case study PTPN Damak Maliho in ancient 2008-2009. The main discussion is between peasants’ groups with PTPN IV at deli Serdang district, Damak Maliho, and the role of peasants’ groups in reversion land rights. The conclusion is that the root of the problem is a scramble for the land of 198 ha state of the community with PTPN IV in Damak Maliho, Bangun Purba's District, Deli Serdang is a state of each other claims of land between the village community with PTPN IV of 198 acres of land. Second, the strategy is taken by leaders the base states peasants’ village Damak Maliho to demand land rights by occupying the land. Third, analysis Karl Marx saw the result of this research concluded that countries' indecisiveness in seeing the conflicts causes losses to peasants.

Guerrillas, Peasants, and Communists:Agrarian Reform in Cuba's 1958 Liberated Territories

AbstractIn October of 1958, amidst the guerrilla war to topple Fulgencio Batista, Fidel Castro's Rebel Army passed an Agrarian Reform Law that would serve as an embryo for the Cuban Revolution's 1959 land reform. Relying on rare documents from the insurgency, this paper reanimates the debate over the role of peasants during the war, arguing that peasants not only helped shape the movement to topple Batista, but that their mobilization led to the articulation of important guerrilla agrarian policies—including land reform. As the liberated territories became a laboratory in which rebels experimented with how to run a state, peasants took part in civil projects, simultaneously bestowing legitimacy on the movement and harnessing its organizational apparatus for the achievement of the peasants’ own goals. In highlighting the political subjectivity of Cuban peasants, this paper also gives new insight into everyday life during the rebel insurgency.

Tax and the Forgotten Classes - A Snapshot of History

Peasants, workers and other ordinary people have shaped our world. In this paper I look at their mass struggles over tax, often escalating into broader rebellions, revolts and revolutions against the status quo. This can start as battles within the elite, and end as solutions within the elite. Or it can be a revolt from below, which the elite co-opt or repress or which goes a step further with the lower classes overthrowing the old way of doing things and sweeping aside the impediments to a new economic system, i.e. a social revolution. In looking at the role of peasants, workers and other often forgotten people in the tax and then wider rebellions and revolutions over the last millennium we can I hope discern the long slow march of history to democracy. This is a potted history of forgotten people in the story of tax over the last millennium. There are many more examples which I hope others, inspired by my tentative steps, explore. The long slow march to political and economic democracy we see in this analysis may be side-tracked at the moment. In Australia and other countries social democracy has been the main side-tracker. Although the old mole of class struggle is not visible at the moment we can be sure it is burrowing away to claw its way to the surface, often sparked to do so by the taxes of the elite.

The European Peasant Family and Society: Historical Studies

In recent years the peasant household has become a central focal point of social history. This is true not only because the peasant represents the major element of European society through the nineteenth century, but also because many of the main issues in modern historical debate can be studied within the sphere of the peasant family. This book deals with the European peasant family during the period of transformation from agrarian to industrial society, the time called by some the period of protoindustrialisation. The essays in this volume explore some of the major issues concerning the influence of the economy, society and institutions on the peasant household and, conversely, the influence of the peasant household on the outside world. Themes dealt with include the ways in which the physical environment and the economy may make for very different family structures and even affect intra-family relationships; the effects of inheritance, marriage and kinship strategies, as well as social pressure, on peasant family structure and demography; the debate about changing gender roles and status; the debate over the manner and effects of class formation; questions of social and political agency; the nature of gender and parent-child relations; the validity of protoindustrial theory; and, the role of peasants in initiating industrialisation as consumers, producers and as a labour force. In examining these themes, the essays provide both case studies and innovative analysis by preeminent international scholars in the fields of family and women's history, economic history and demography.

The Peasant in Economic Modernization

Peasants-self-employed tillers of soil, whose farm production is based mainly on family labor as an integral part of household activities-have been for thousands of years and still are today the majority of mankind. Their production mode represents a sharp contrast with the large, internal organization of modern corporate firms characterized by a hierarchy of employees. An apparently archaic style of peasant farming, relative to modern corporate activities, has often led to a presumption that the peasantry is a remnant of feudal society and bound to disappear as modernization proceeds. As a corollary it has been argued that consolidation of peasants into large farm enterprises is desirable or necessary for promoting agricultural productivity growth consistent with modern economic development. This perspective has been waning recently, partly because of the disastrous experience of collective farming in former socialist economies, as well as repeated failures in the attempt to develop large farms as both state and private enterprises in developing economies (Eicher and Baker, Johnson and Ruttan). Concurrently, the high potential of peasants to achieve productivity growth has been recognized with the successful diffusion of modern high-yielding varieties and related inputs-the so-called Green Revolution in Asia. Yet, pessimism about peasant agriculture persists and tends to distort the development strategy of the Third World toward favoring large farm estates (Binswanger, Deininger, and Feder; Eicher and Rukuni). More ambiguous is the role of peasants in industrial and commercial development. The traditional view from Karl Marx to W. Arthur

Remarks on the Role of Peasants in Hungarian Ideology

Au 19 eme siecle, le romantisme mettait en avant la paysannerie, gardienne de la culture, de la langue et de l'identite nationale hongroise. Une telle idee reapparut avec D. Szabo en 1919 puis en 1928 fut creee une organisation placant le paysan au centre. La nouvelle tendance intellectuelle, les populistes, etait etroitement liee a la paysannerie. Nationalisme, socialisme, collectivisme, localisme et populisme sont les cinq elements de vision politique de la paysannerie. Les idees populistes se developperent puis certains membres se tournerent vers le communisme avant que le populisme ne soit revendique dans les annees 1990 par le Forum democratique hongrois. Meme si le paysan n'est plus l'element determinant de la societe, il n'en demeure pas moins une figure mythique

A note on space in the Ethiopian revolution

AbstractThere have been two major approaches to spatial analysis in social and cultural anthropology. The first insists that distance is culturally categorised, that a person 's experience of space is relative to particular ways of dividing and conceptualising spatial relations. The second approach, most often associated with central-place theory, takes the opposite tack. Distance, in this view, has certain universal predicates; for example, the inherent difficulty of transporting goods with a simple technology means that markets in agrarian societies have a limited set of recurrent features—no matter how space is locally encoded. These two modes of analysis are often taken as mutually exclusive ways of proceeding. In this article it is suggested that neither can be neglected if large-scale transformations like social revolutions are to be understood in their complexity. In the course of developing a pioneering study of the role of peasants in revolutions Eric Wolf offered the beginnings of a general theory. After summarising some of his hypotheses, the author confronts them with data from the Ethiopian revolution as it unfolded during 1975 in an area called Maale.

The Role of Peasants in the Early History of Tamilakam in South India

The Role of Peasants in the Early History of Tamilakam in South India