Role Of Government Research Articles

Nexus Between Green Finance Green Economic Growth in G-20 Economies: Moderating Role of Environmental Governance

Green economic growth is crucial for achieving long-term sustainability, as it promotes resource efficiency, reduces carbon emissions, and fosters investments in environmentally friendly technologies. With climate change and environmental degradation posing significant global challenges, green finance has emerged as a key driver for sustainable economic transitions. This study is essential as it provides empirical insights into how green finance contributes to economic growth and how governance mechanisms shape this relationship, offering valuable policy recommendations for sustainable development. This study utilizes secondary panel data spanning 1995–2021 from G-20 countries to examine the relationship between green finance and green economic growth. A series of statistical tests is applied to analyze this relationship, with a particular focus on the moderating role of environmental governance in shaping the impact of green finance on economic sustainability. The results reveal a significant positive correlation between green finance and green economic growth. Green finance optimizes resource utilization, enhances energy productivity, and fosters investments in environmentally sustainable projects, ultimately reducing carbon emissions and mitigating environmental impacts. However, environmental governance exerts a negative moderating effect, indicating that stringent and inefficient institutional frameworks can hinder the benefits of green finance. The study underscores the need for improved governance mechanisms, transparency in green financial instruments, and policies that encourage sustainable economic behavior. This study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical insights into the interplay between green finance, governance, and economic growth, offering valuable implications for policymakers and stakeholders in sustainable development.

Trade openness and women’s empowerment in Sub-Saharan Africa: the role of governance

Trade openness and women’s empowerment in Sub-Saharan Africa: the role of governance

The role of governance in large-scale mining sector in Latin America

The role of governance in large-scale mining sector in Latin America

Kenakalan Remaja: Faktor Penyebab, Akibat, dan Solusi

Juvenile delinquency is a fairly complex social problem and is often a major concern in society. Adolescence, which is a transition period from childhood to adulthood, is often marked by various physical, emotional, and social changes that affect individual behavior. Juvenile delinquency arises as a result of a combination of internal and external factors that encourage adolescents to commit deviant acts from social, legal, and religious norms. This study aims to explore the factors causing juvenile delinquency, its impacts, and solutions to overcome this problem. In this study, a qualitative approach was used by analyzing data obtained from various sources, including literature, interviews, and observations. It is hoped that this study can provide deeper insight into how to prevent and handle juvenile delinquency by involving the roles of family, school, community, and government.

Exploring the role of governance and institutional indicators in environmental degradation across global regions

Exploring the role of governance and institutional indicators in environmental degradation across global regions

Digital inclusion or exclusion? Exploring the moderating role of governance in digitalization’s impact on income inequality in developing countries

Digital inclusion or exclusion? Exploring the moderating role of governance in digitalization’s impact on income inequality in developing countries

Financial globalization and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: The moderating role of governance

Financial globalization and economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa: The moderating role of governance

The Role of Good Corporate Governance in Profit Management

Profit management is the manipulation of transactions within the financial statement based on certain decisions by managers. This can mislead stakeholders who want to know the company's economic performance. Companies need to their economic performance in the long term and minimize profit management through a good corporate governance system in order to control, manage, and supervise the company's operational mechanisms. This study aims to identify the role of Good Corporate Governance on profit management. Data collection followed the procedure of library research. The results of the analysis showed that Good Corporate Governance played a role in profit management by providing supervision by a permanent audit committee for a period. Supervision of management could reduce profit management practices and agency theory for profit management.

The Role Of Government In Developing Village Tourism

The Role Of Government In Developing Village Tourism

Advanced machine learning-driven business analytics for real-time health risk stratification and cost prediction models

The rapid advancement of machine learning (ML) technologies has opened new frontiers in healthcare analytics, particularly in the domains of real-time health risk stratification and cost prediction modeling. Traditional actuarial and statistical methods, while foundational, often lack the agility and precision necessary to manage increasingly complex patient populations and dynamic health system demands. The integration of advanced ML-driven business analytics offers a transformative pathway, enabling healthcare organizations to anticipate clinical risks, allocate resources more efficiently, and transition toward proactive, value-based care delivery models. This paper explores the deployment of advanced ML algorithms—such as gradient boosting, deep learning, and ensemble techniques—for predictive health risk stratification at the individual and population levels. It examines how real-time analytics platforms, powered by multimodal patient data and financial indicators, enable the continuous refinement of cost prediction models, leading to more accurate budgeting, targeted interventions, and risk-sharing contract strategies. Emphasis is placed on the critical role of feature engineering, data governance, model interpretability, and ethical considerations, particularly around algorithmic bias and transparency. Drawing on case studies from leading integrated health systems and payer organizations, the paper demonstrates how predictive insights derived from ML models can reduce hospital admissions, optimize care management programs, and improve financial forecasting accuracy. By narrowing from the broader context of ML's impact on healthcare to specific applications in risk and cost prediction, this study provides actionable frameworks for integrating advanced analytics into strategic healthcare operations and policymaking in an era of rising complexity and accountability.

The Role of Corporate Governance, Type of Ownership, and Capital Structure, in the Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals

Introduction/Main Objective: This study presents research that makes a theoretical contribution to the literature on the achievement of sustainable development goals (SDGs), and provides empirical evidence of the role of corporate governance (CG), type of ownership, and capital structure of companies in Indonesia in achieving the SDGs. Background Problem: This research is motivated by the phenomenon that the business sector plays major roles in economic growth, damage to the natural environ­ment—as well as its preservation—well the social life of local and global communities. The active involvement of the business world is needed to support the achievement of the SDGs. This research is important because the president directors and president commissioners (as proxies for CG) are the parties that play the biggest roles in their companies in achieving the SDGs. In addition, owners can pressure directors and commissioners to commit to achieving SDGs. A capital structure that reflects the company's financial flexibility also plays a role in realizing the SDGs. Novelty: This research uses unique proxies for the SDGs and CG variables. The SDGs are proxied using the SDG index, covering 17 SDGs fields, consisting of 101 items.CG is proxied by the competence of president directors and president commissioners. Competence is measured by level of education, work experience, and global insight. In addition, research examining the effect of the four types of ownership and capital structure on the SDGs is still very limited. This research was conducted on all companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2017 to 2021. The samples were taken purposively, with certain criteria. The dependent variable is SDGs, while the independent variables are CG, type of ownership, and capital structure. The analysis technique uses multiple linear regression. Findings/results: The research proves that the president commissioner, government, and individual shareholders, as well as leverage have a significant positive effect on SDGs disclosure. Meanwhile, domestic institutional share­holders, capital structure, and company size negatively affect SDG’s disclosure. Conclusion: The results show that the president commis­sioner, government, and individual shareholders become the key shareholders who significantly affect the company’s SDG disclosure policy. Thus, the results confirm and support the stakeholder theory and stewardship theory.

Closing the Gap with Western Counterparts: Sustainability Reporting Under the New Regulatory Regime in Central and Eastern Europe

ABSTRACT This commentary examines the ‘sustainability reporting gap’ between Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and Western Europe, identifies challenges posed by the new regulatory regime, in particular the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), and proposes research pathways to enhance sustainability reporting practices in the region. Adopting a descriptive approach, the commentary draws on scientific and gray literature to outline the ‘sustainability gap’, explain its causes, and outline the evolution of sustainability reporting in CEE. It assesses the current state of CSRD implementation, explores key challenges, and suggests research directions to bridge the gap. By doing so, it aims to encourage researchers, including those from the CEE, to provide insights that can support practitioners and regulators in improving sustainability reporting practices in the region and beyond. As discussed in this commentary, the gap between CEE and Western Europe stems from factors such as socialist legacy, high levels of fraud and corruption, unresolved environmental and social issues, cultural context, and the limited roles of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and governments in sustainability matters. The CSRD introduction, representing the fourth phase in the development of sustainability reporting in CEE, has the potential to transform the region's approach to sustainability but also introduces significant challenges.

Financial Deception: Analyzing the Solvency Misstatement at Lehman Brothers

ABSTRACTThis study examines the misrepresentation of solvency at Lehman Brothers, focusing on a pivotal moment in financial history. The analysis reveals that a closer evaluation of the components of the accounting equation indicates significant leverage, which is critical to understanding Lehman's overall solvency. In contrast, liquidity pertains only to short‐term solvency. The findings are viewed through the lens of agency theory and insights from positive accounting theory, particularly about managers’ self‐interest and the role of corporate governance in mitigating managerial opportunism that led to significant misstatements in financial reports. It was noted that Lehman's CEO withdrew considerable amounts through bonus compensations and equity sales. Testing the debt‐equity hypothesis showed that Lehman manipulated solvency figures to obscure excessive leverage resulting from substantial debts. This investigation highlights how deceptive financial practices can have extensive repercussions, underscoring the need for transparency and accountability within the banking sector. Understanding these misstatements is essential to prevent future crises and foster a more ethically sound financial environment. Additionally, ineffective governance and inadequate audits manipulated accounting transactions that obscured Lehman's solvency risks.

The circular economy in Aotearoa New Zealand: a critical evaluation of policy and its current prospects

ABSTRACT Between 2017 and 2023, the circular economy was increasingly referenced by the Ministry for the Environment (MfE) and the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE) as a guide to more sustainable production and waste systems. It became an overarching idea for how to address many environmental challenges. MfE and MBIE statements refer to embedding circular principles into the economy and the role of central government in stewarding circular economy processes. They have, thus, led central government thinking on the circular economy, MfE focusing on the environment and MBIE on economic productivity and business. The circular economy is, however, an ambiguous and contested concept. This article examines references to the circular economy by MfE and MBIE using a framework that distinguishes between strong and weak models of circularity, organised around four themes: problematisations of the linear economy, the rationale for transitioning to a circular economy, policy tools, and the allocation of responsibility. The analysis concludes that both ministries have articulated weak models of circularity that neglect the transformational potential of a circular economy agenda. The article also examines the prospects for the circular economy agenda in the post-2023 election context, given current government scepticism towards many existing environmental protection institutions.

Role of Informal Governance in Addressing Climate Change: A Comprehensive Review of Local and Community-Driven Solutions

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the critical but underexplored role of informal governance in addressing "dark carbon", which is unaccounted carbon emissions from microbial, geological, and anthropogenic sources that are frequently overlooked in Earth System Models and climate policies. A systematic review of 80 peer-reviewed studies is conducted to assess how decentralized, non-state, and community-based actors contribute to climate mitigation and adaptation, particularly where formal governance frameworks fall short. The review reveals that informal governance mechanisms, including indigenous practices, local NGOs, and citizen science initiatives, effectively identify and respond to hidden carbon sources. These actors exhibit adaptive capacity, deep local knowledge, and legitimacy, often surpassing formal systems in responsiveness and innovation. However, challenges such as limited scalability, resource constraints, and weak policy integration remain. Informal governance is not simply supplementary but fundamental to addressing climate governance blind spots, particularly in managing dark carbon. The study underscores the need for integrated governance models that bridge formal and informal systems and recommends incorporating dark carbon awareness into monitoring frameworks, policy design, and public discourse to enhance the inclusivity, equity, and resilience of climate action.

Improving Public Sector Performance through Human Capital Investment: The Role of Training and Career Development in Pariaman City, Indonesia

Employee performance plays a crucial role in governance and public service. Enhancing staff performance through training and development to increase competencies in order to improve performance is one way the government is working to increase the efficacy and efficiency of public services. The firm can reap long-term benefits from investing in human resource development, so it is imperative to provide staff training and career development greater thought and assistance. The primary goal of this research is to examine the effects of training and career development on the performance of civil servants in the Pariaman City government. The respondents total are 295 civil servants from the Pariaman City Government participated in the data gathering process, which involved distributing questionnaires to them both online and offline. The Slovin formula and cluster random sampling technique were used to get the sample size. To examine data was used the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) – Partial Least Square (PLS) method. According to the study’s result, training has a considerable and substansial impact on employee performance. Career development also has an influence on employee performance but has a weak correlation. Simultaneously, training and career development have impact with a percentage of 45.5% on employee performance.

From Sustainability DNA to a Strategically Sustainability Approach: The Role of Governance within an ESG Framework

The Thai Eastern Group Holdings (TEGH) case examines the challenges of a family-owned company when evolving into a multinational, publicly listed corporation, on whether and how to keep its sustainability mindset legacy, while adapting to more diverse shareholders and global market demands. The case highlights the evolution of an agribusiness that started as a local family-owned entity, in which sustainable practices were naturally integrated into its business operations and reflected a sustainability mindset deeply rooted in its DNA, rather than formal strategic plans. This intrinsic approach eventually facilitated TEGH’s alignment with Environmental–Social–Governance (ESG) formal principles. As the business expanded to a global business player and strategic decisions became influenced by more formal corporate governance requirements and diverse shareholder demands, possibly shorter-term, there were risks of diluting the deeply ingrained sustainability practices. The Thai family-owned company led by Ms. Sineenuch Kokanutaporn questioned whether and how to keep family business values that have been part of its identity. The case prompts critical reflections on how the ESG framework, particularly its governance dimension, may provide solutions that address the family-business owners’ concerns: ensuring that strategic decision-making balances the global market and broader shareholders’ demands, enabling continued business growth, while keeping the long-standing foundational values and sustainability goals.

Why broadband availability differs across states in the U.S.?

The U.S. government has made various efforts to increase broadband access, even before the pandemic. However, there is still a significant gap in broadband coverage across U.S. states, indicating the persistence of digital divides. Previous research has focused on geographic and socio-demographic factors, often overlooking the role of state governments, including state administrative efforts. In this paper, we explore how the administrative capacity of states influences the coverage of four broadband technologies across states in the U.S. Using secondary data, beta regression is employed to explore the impact of state administrative capacities, i.e., broadband plans, grantmaking, broadband offices, broadband maps, and state regulations, on the coverage of cable, fiber optics, fixed wireless, and fiber/cable at urban, rural, and state levels. The findings confirm the dominance of cable, followed by fixed wireless, while fiber shows limited coverage. Infrastructure-focused broadband plans negatively affect fiber optics’ coverage, highlighting implementation challenges. Conversely, grantmaking positively affects fixed wireless but not fiber, highlighting a tendency toward cost-effective, faster-deployment technologies.

Pathways to successful knowledge collaboration: the role of informal governance in inter-organisational knowledge networks

ABSTRACT Informal governance plays a crucial role in inter-organisational knowledge collaboration by fostering trust, reputation, collaborative culture, and joint sanctions. Drawing on social capital theory, this study examines the indirect effect of informal governance on knowledge collaboration performance through network capability. Using data from 227 Chinese firms, PLS-SEM results confirm that informal governance enhances knowledge collaboration performance, both directly and indirectly via network capability. Additionally, fsQCA identifies three configurations of informal Dgovernance and network capability that lead to high knowledge collaboration performance, such as the “Relational Governance Model”, among others. These findings contribute to the understanding of how informal governance interacts with network capability to drive knowledge collaboration, providing theoretical and managerial insights.

How does digital governance improve natural resource utilization efficiency? Configuration analysis based on the TOE framework

As global resource pressures and the demand for environmental sustainability increase, effectively improving natural resource utilization efficiency (NRUE) has become a critical challenge for countries worldwide. In this context, digital governance is gradually emerging as a key solution to this issue. By leveraging data analysis and intelligent decision support systems, digital governance enables the precise management of natural resources, which helps to increase resource utilization efficiency and provides strong support for achieving global sustainable development goals. This paper first analyses the spatial‒temporal distribution characteristics of China’s NRUE from 2018 to 2022. Then, on the basis of the TOE framework, this paper uses the dynamic QCA method to comprehensively analyze the digital governance strategies for improving the NRUE. The research results indicate that (1) during the study period, China’s NRUE steadily improved, showing a gradient distribution from east to west. (2) Digital infrastructure, digital technological innovation, digital governance capacity of the government, digital economic development, and digital inclusive finance have played significant roles in improving the NRUE, but no single factor is sufficient to be a necessary condition for high NRUE. (3) Four key models for enhancing the NRUE are identified: organization-technology driven, technology-environment driven, organization-environment driven, and holistic synergy driven. (4) In the temporal dimension, the consistency level of the five configurations showed an overall downwards trend in 2020, which was likely influenced by the public health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic. (5) In the spatial dimension, there are regional differences in the coverage of each configuration. This paper expands the understanding of the transformation of government roles and functions in the digital economy era and provides a new theoretical framework for digital governance, aiming to promote the further improvement of the NRUE.