Role Of Electroencephalography Research Articles

The role of Electroencephalography in children with Acute Altered Mental Status of unknown etiology: a prospective study.

Acute alterated mental status (AAMS) is often a challenge for clinicians, since the underlying etiologies cannot always easily be inferred based on the patient's clinical presentation, medical history or early examinations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of the electroencephalogram (EEG) as a diagnostic tool in AAMS of unknown etiology in children. We conducted a prospective study involving EEG assessments on children presenting with AAMS between May 2017 and October 2019. Inclusion criteria were age 1 month to 18 years and acute (<1 week) and persistent (>5 minutes) Altered mental status (AMS). Patients with a known etiology of AAMS were excluded. A literature review was also performed. Twenty patients (median age: 7.7 years, range: 0.5-15.4) were enrolled. EEG contributed to the diagnosis in 14/20 cases, and was classified as diagnostic in 9/20 and informative in 5/20. Specifically, EEG was able to identify nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) in 5 children and psychogenic events in 4. EEG proved to be a poorly informative diagnostic tool at AAMS onset in 6 children, however in 5 of them, it proved useful during follow-up. Limited data exist regarding the role of EEG in children with AAMS of unknown etiology. In our population EEG proved to be valuable tool, and was especially useful in the prompt identification of NCSE and psychogenic events.

The Role of Electroencephalography in the Prediction of Relapse of Febrile Convulsion in Patients Aged Between 6 to 60 Months: A Prospective Cohort Study

AbstractFebrile seizures (FS) are the most common type of seizure in pediatrics, and patients with FS can present with recurrent febrile seizures (RFS). Some clinical factors have been known to predict RFS, but there is no consensus regarding electroencephalography (EEG). We aimed to determine the ability of EEG to predict RFS. This prospective cohort study was done in children aged between 6 and 60 months. The EEG was performed on patients 2 weeks after the FS, and the patients were followed up for 6 months. Two hundred patients were enrolled. Recurrence of febrile convulsion occurred in 27% of the patients. A higher risk of recurrent seizures was seen in females compared with males (p = 0.04, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.83), children with a family history of seizure (p = 0.011, HR = 2), people with fever-to-seizure interval &lt;1 hour (p = 0.009, HR = 6.1), as well as 1 to 24 hours interval between fever and seizure (p = 0.033, HR = 2.15), aEnd patients with abnormal EEG findings compared with normal EEG (p = 0.001, HR = 4.45). There was no significant relationship between RFS and other studied factors. This study showed the ability of EEG to predict RFS, and the results showed a higher likelihood of recurrence occurring in subjects with abnormal rather than normal EEG.

The Role of Electroencephalography (EEG) in the Diagnosis and Subtyping of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review

The Role of Electroencephalography (EEG) in the Diagnosis and Subtyping of Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review

The Role of Electroencephalography in the Differential Diagnosis of Unipolar and Bipolar Depression

The Role of Electroencephalography in the Differential Diagnosis of Unipolar and Bipolar Depression

The Role of Electroencephalography in the Prognostication of Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Children: A Review.

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a neurologic monitoring modality that allows for the identification of seizures and the understanding of cerebral function. Not only can EEG data provide real-time information about a patient’s clinical status, but providers are increasingly using these results to understand short and long-term prognosis in critical illnesses. Adult studies have explored these associations for many years, and now the focus has turned to applying these concepts to the pediatric literature. The aim of this review is to characterize how EEG can be utilized clinically in pediatric intensive care settings and to highlight the current data available to understand EEG features in association with functional outcomes in children after critical illness. In the evaluation of seizures and seizure burden in children, there is abundant data to suggest that the presence of status epilepticus during illness is associated with poorer outcomes and a higher risk of mortality. There is also emerging evidence indicating that poorly organized EEG backgrounds, lack of normal sleep features and lack of electrographic reactivity to clinical exams portend worse outcomes in this population. Prognostication in pediatric critical illness must be informed by the comprehensive evaluation of a patient’s clinical status but the utilization of EEG may help contribute to this assessment in a meaningful way.

The importance of electroencephalography in the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy due to cirrhosis – a case report

Introduction and aim. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) associated with cirrhosis of the liver is a neuropsychiatric syndrome, with symptoms ranging from barely detectable changes to deep coma. It frequently occurs in the form of episodes and relapses and can be triggered by external factors. HE severity is graded according to the West Haven criteria. The aim of the study is to draw attention to the ever-important and often key role of electroencephalography in the diagnosis of hepatic encephalopathy, even in today’s era of increasingly advanced diagnostic methods. Description of the case. A 57-year-old patient, professionally active at the time, was admitted to the hospital’s Neurology Department on an emergency basis due to difficulties with standing and moving, orientation disorders and limb tremor. Conclusion. While HE pathogenesis is multifactorial, the most important factors include increased brain exposure to ammonia, intestinal dysbiosis, and endotoxemia inducing a systemic inflammatory response. Patient observation, blood laboratory tests, neuropsychological tests and neurophysiological tests (EEG and evoked potentials) play an important role in establishing the diagnosis. Treatment and secondary prevention of hepatic encephalopathy include elimination of triggers and reduction of ammonia production and improvement of its metabolism.

An Approach to Understand Epilepsy and The Role of EEG in Its Diagnosis

Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent and debilitating neurological diseases yet there is a limited understanding of its psychophysiology and because of which its detection as well as treatment is delayed. The present article reviews the neurology and psychophysiology behind epilepsy and epileptic seizure and the role of electroencephalography (EEG) in the diagnosis of the same. The advantages and disadvantages of electroencephalography (EEG) in the diagnosis are discussed in length in this paper. The major drawback in the treatment or field of epilepsy is the criticality of the early detection of epilepsy and epileptic seizure. The article highlights the need of developing automated diagnostic system for epilepsy and seizure detection for patients as well as clinicians.

English

English

Electroencephalogram and Visual Evoked Potential Studies in Patients with Stroke

Stroke or cerebrovascular accident occurs when the blood supply to the brain is cut off (an ischemic stroke) or when a blood vessel bursts (a hemorrhagic stroke). Most strokes are of the ischemic type. Without oxygen, brain cells begin to die. death or permanent disability can result. High blood pressure, smoking,D.M, and having had a previous stroke or heart attack increase a person’s chances of having a stroke. The aims of this study: Evaluate the role of electroencephalography and visual evoked potential in patients presented with stroke. Determine the electroencephalographic abnormalities in stroke patients. Evaluate the clinical manifestations and medical history of patient with stroke. This study is a case-control study dealing with a total of 170(male and female) subjects, 85 of them as group presented with stroke and the other 85 considered asa control group. The electrophysiological tests were done at the neurophysiology unit of Mirjan Teaching center in Babylon City, during the period from 1ᵗʰ/12/ 2015 until 20ᵗʰ /5/2016.Electroencephalography and Visual evoked potential were performed for the patients and the control in parallel.This study shows the differences between patients with stroke and control by EEG changes there were significant differences between patients and control by EEG changes. There were 35% of stroke patient presented with abnormal EEG changes ,While 26%of stroke patient presented with abnormal VEP. The purpose of the study was to compare sensitivity and specificity of these two analytical procedures (EEG and VEP) in the diagnosis of stroke. The sensitivity and the specificity of EEG in stroke The results showed a sensitivity of35.3% and a specificity of 97.6%.p value less than 0.01 is highly significant.The sensitivity and the specificity of VEP in stroke The results showed a sensitivity of 25.9% and a specificity of 100% p value less than 0.01 is highly significant.The EEG abnormal findings in stroke patients were (35%) of all patient group (68%) of them were generalized while (32% )were partial seizure.The distribution of different EEG abnormalities in stroke patients were (slow wave 48%,spike wave26%,poly spike wave13% and sharp wave13%).The VEP abnormal findings in stroke patients were(26%) of allpatient group, the majority of abnormal VEP findings were prolonged latency of P100, P75 and P145 respectively.There were significant differences between stroke patients and control group regarding the clinical manifestations and medical history (DM, Headache, Dysarthria , Visual disorder,Facial weakness, dizziness hypertension and Hemiphgia.

The role of electroencephalography in psychiatry - clinical aspects and correlation of psychopathology in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Sono-photocatalysis has potential to increase the efficiency of both sonolysis and photocatalysis processes. On the other hand, in the sono-enhanced membrane separation processes the ultrasonic waves are able to clean the membrane surface, inhibit its fouling and enhance the separation efficiency. In this work, visible-light sono-photocatalysis and sono-enhanced membrane separation processes were coupled in a one pot/hybrid reactor for continuous flow removal of a dyestuff from water. First, N-doped titania sono-photocatalyst and microporous polyvinylidene fluoride membrane were prepared and characterized. Then, the hybrid reactor was set for the dyestuff degradation. The effect of operational variables including N-doped titania dosage, pH, retention time, visible-light power, radical scavengers and inorganic oxidants on the degradation efficiency was investigated. An enhancement in the degradation efficiency was observed by adding inorganic oxidants and increasing the retention time and visible light power. However, the degradation efficiency was decreased by increasing pH and adding organic and inorganic radical scavengers. 750 mg/L was the optimum N-doped titania dosage. The efficiency of the hybrid process was higher than other probable processes and the synergistic effect between photocatalysis and sonolysis was 23.51%. Main intermediates of dyestuff degradation were identified and a plausible degradation pathway was proposed using GC-MS analysis.

The Role of Electroencephalography in Differentiating Epileptic and Non-Epileptic Events in Adolescents: 3-Year Experience in One Pediatric Neurology Center

The Role of Electroencephalography in Differentiating Epileptic and Non-Epileptic Events in Adolescents: 3-Year Experience in One Pediatric Neurology Center

Role of Electroencephalography in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Border Zone Syndromes.

Border zone disorders involve neurological disorders with psychiatric symptoms and signs as well as psychiatric disorders with soft neurological features. This becomes a cause for great diagnostic and therapeutic concerns. We, in this paper, analyzed some of the imitators such as epilepsy, dementia, some forms of encephalitis, and pure psychiatric diseases which produce problems in decision making due to soft neurological features and the utility of electroencephalography (EEG) as a simple diagnostic tool in differentiating some of these conditions from each other as well as the therapeutic role of EEG in some of these disorders. We retrospectively took index cases which produced problems for us in decision making in the last 5 years and correlated with the final diagnosis, EEG parameters as well as literature available by PubMed search using specific key words based on the conditions identified. EEG can be normal in organic diseases and abnormal in psychiatric diseases. Typical EEG findings in neuropsychiatric syndromes point to specific diagnosis. Soft EEG changes are common in psychiatric disorders and do not indicate organicity. EEG can be used to assess efficacy and toxicity of therapeutic agents in psychiatry. Biofeedback-based training to keep the brain in particular rhythm is of use in psychiatric disorders as a pharmaco-sparing agent.

Syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL): A case report with serial electroencephalography (EEG) recordings.. Is there an association with human herpes virus type 7 (HHV-7) infection?

Introduction The syndrome of transient headache and neurological deficits with cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis (HaNDL) is a diagnosis made by exclusion. In the literature, different etiological explanations are proposed for HaNDL, including an immune-mediated reaction after a viral infection. Case description We present a case of a 23-year-old woman with several episodes of transient headache, neurological deficits and cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytosis. All diagnostic criteria for the HaNDL syndrome were fulfilled; however, additional cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for human herpes virus type 7 (HHV-7). Discussion The possible role of a (prodromal) viral infection in the etiology of HaNDL is discussed. Also the role of electroencephalography (EEG) recordings is discussed. Serial EEG recordings showed generalized slowing, frontal intermittent rhythmic delta activity (FIRDA) and symmetric triphasic frontal waves with a dilation lag.

The Role of Electroencephalography during Antiepileptic Drugs Tapering and “RELAPSE”- a Score in Predicting Seizure Recurrence (P4.069)

The Role of Electroencephalography during Antiepileptic Drugs Tapering and “RELAPSE”- a Score in Predicting Seizure Recurrence (P4.069)

The predictive value of electroencephalography in recurrence of the first-ever unprovoked idiopathic seizure

Aim of the study We aimed to study the role of electroencephalography (EEG) and its predictive value for recurrence after the first-ever seizure. Patients and methods Patients who presented with first idiopathic seizure attack were included in this prospective study. The study group included 70 patients (39 male and 31 female). Their ages ranged from 1 to 58 years. All patients included were subjected to history taking and full analysis of the seizure, full neurological examination, routine laboratory tests, neuroimaging, and EEG evaluation, and then all patients were interviewed monthly for 3 successive months. Results Sixteen patients (23%) had focal seizures and 54 patients (77%) had generalized seizure. Nocturnal seizures were found in 45.7% of patients, whereas diurnal seizures were found in 54.3% patients. Aura was recorded in 17% of cases, whereas postictal state (confusion, headache, muscle ache, and Todd’s paralysis) occurred in 60% of cases. Past history of febrile seizures was present in 17% of cases, family history of epilepsy was positive in 10% of cases, and 31.4% of cases had positive consanguinity. Abnormal EEG was found in 54.3% of patients [31.4% of patients had generalized epileptiform discharge, 15.7% of patients had focal epileptiform discharge with or without secondary generalization, and 7.2% of patients had no specific changes (focal or generalized slowness)] and lastly normal EEG was found in 45.7% of patients. After 3 months of follow-up, 37 patients (52.9%) had recurrence of seizure: 75.6% of patients had generalized seizures and 24.4% of patients had focal seizures. The percent of recurrence among patients with abnormal EEG was 70.3% and that among those with normal EEG was 29.7%. As regards EEG findings, there were a significant correlation between abnormal EEG and generalized epileptiform discharge and recurrence of seizure. Conclusion EEG, especially during the first 48 h after seizure, had a prognostic value for recurrence of seizure.

The Therapeutic Role of Electroencephalography in Deep Brain Stimulation in Intractable Epilepsy: A Recent Perspective

The Therapeutic Role of Electroencephalography in Deep Brain Stimulation in Intractable Epilepsy: A Recent Perspective

26. A newborn with transient giant sep revealed during a seizure by an integrated neurophysiological monitoring

The role of ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG) and Somatosensory-Evoked-Potentials (SEP) in Neonatal as well as Adult-ICU is validated. To evaluate brain-functions in newborns with high risk of encephalic damage we also proposed an Integrated Multiparametric-Neurophysiological-Assessment (IMNA) simultaneously recording VEEG, CFM, Density-Spectral-Analisys and SEPs. We describe the case of a term-newborn (Apgar- Index 6–9, pH 7,03) in which an 1-h-IMNA was performed at 24 h from birth, to best define the encephalic damage. Results:An early encephalic ultrasound study showed only poor evidences. During IMNA baby incidentally presented short episodes of tonic–clonic motions of left arm. These clinical signs were associated with short right emispheric EEG hypovoltages while the cascade-SEPs monitoring showed a sudden transient change in voltage: right giant SEPs traces simultaneous to seizures. After phenobarbital administration seizures stopped and the right SEPs traces return to normality. An early encephalic MRI showed a right parietal ischemic lesion and also a right extracerebral hemorrhagic injury. The latest one appeared reduced in a further MRI. No further seizures were reported. 1 h-IMNA monitoring, especially cascade-SEPs, is a useful tool to perform an early evaluation and assess prognosis of neonatal hypoxic brain damage; it also allows to correlate neurophysiological parameters? trends to clinical events.

P95: How benign are the “benign” partial epilepsies? The role of electroencephalography in determining the outcome of children with benign partial epileptic syndromes

P95: How benign are the “benign” partial epilepsies? The role of electroencephalography in determining the outcome of children with benign partial epileptic syndromes

Role of electroencephalography in presurgical evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy.

Surgery remains a therapeutic option for patients with medically refractory epilepsy. Comprehensive presurgical evaluation includes electroencephalography (EEG) and video EEG in identifying patients who are likely to benefit from surgery. Here, we discuss in detail the utility of EEG in presurgical evaluation of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy along with illustrative cases.

EEG characteristics predict subsequent epilepsy in children with febrile seizure

The role of electroencephalography (EEG) in the work-up of febrile seizure (FS) remains controversial. We investigated the importance of EEG characteristics, especially the localizations of paroxysmal discharges, as predictors for subsequent epilepsy. Patients were referred from the outpatient department for EEG within 7–20days after the seizure. EEGs were classified as paroxysmally abnormal based on the presence of spikes, sharp waves, or spike–wave complexes, whether focal or generalized, that were considered abnormal for age and state. Of 119 patients with FS, 26 (21.8%) revealed paroxysmal abnormality on EEG and 9 (7.6%) developed epilepsy. Of nine patients with later epilepsy, 6 (66.7%) revealed paroxysmal EEG abnormality. Of 26 patients with paroxysmal abnormality, 6 (23.1%) developed epilepsy. Of 10 patients with generalized paroxysmal spike and wave activity, one (10%) developed epilepsy. Of seven patients with rolandic discharge (RD), two (28.5%) developed epilepsy. Of four patients with paroxysms in the frontal region, three (75%) developed epilepsy. Of five patients with paroxysms in the occipital region, none developed epilepsy. Compared with generalized EEG foci, the relative risk (RR) for patients with frontal EEG foci was 27.0. Patients with frontal EEG paroxysms had a significantly higher risk of developing epilepsy than those with paroxysms in other regions of EEG foci (p=0.035). These findings suggest that patients with FS presenting with frontal paroxysmal EEG abnormalities may be at risk for epilepsy. In patients with frontal paroxysmal EEG abnormalities, serial EEG should be performed, even though it does not contribute to treatment.