Role Of Diet Therapy Research Articles

The Role of Diet Therapy in Reducing the Cardiovascular Disease Risk in a Patient with a Long-Standing and Recurring History of Obesity

Insulin resistance, often referred to as impaired insulin sensitivity. This clinical case focusses on a woman with insulin resistance and a long-standing and recurring history of obesity to demonstrate how diet therapy can be applied in addition to standard medication therapy.

"Role of Diet Therapy in the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)"

"Role of Diet Therapy in the Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)"

The role of diet therapy and ECG monitoring in preventingcardiovascular diseases in diabetes mellitus: A review

Background:Diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Corrective diet and Regular ECG monitoringcan be used as a tool for prevention and timely diagnosis. Introduction:Diabetes increases the risk of atherosclerosis, which is associated with Acute coronary syndrome.Almost 25 to 30% of patients who have ACS also have diabetes (1). Acute Coronary syndrome (ACS) represents agroup of diseases with abnormal S T elevations, which is detectable through ECG graphs. Patients with diabetesfrequently exhibit dyslipidemia, which is an abnormal level of 1 or more types of fat in blood, which over timecan lead to vascular abnormalities (2). High concentration of serum- Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL) indicates atendency for clot formation. High Concentration of these fatty acids in the blood is largely a consequence of theunhealthy dietary habits of diabetic patients apart from the metabolic disorder itself. Method:Search engines for example PUBMED and GOOGLE SCHOLAR were explored to find out the evidencein the given respect for past 10 years. Only English language studies were included. Result and Discussions:Significant relationship has been established by previous research studies, suggestiveof the coincidence of dyslipidemia in diabetic people ultimately associated with an increased risk of heart attack.Regular Electrocardiogram monitoring and a remedial diet are highly advisable to avoid cardiac emergencies in thediabetic population.

Проблема качества питания пациентов с воспалительными заболеваниями кишечника, получающих биологическую терапию

Food nutrients can directly regulate the function of the immune system and determine the composition of the intestinal microbiota and its activity in relation to the production of biologically active metabolites. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving biological therapy should be attentive to the quality of their diet to reduce the risk of negative disease scenarios. Objective. To evaluate the features of dietary patterns in patients with IBD receiving biological therapy and compare them with nutritional indicators of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Patients and methods. The study included 56 patients who were divided into two groups: IBS group (n = 28) and a control group comprising of patients with IBS and diarrhea (n = 28). All patients were pair-matched by sex and age. Data on actual intake were collected from all participants using the 24-h dietary recall method. The dishes of the obtained diets were converted into constituent products according to the tab of dishes, which were summed up by weight per day and compared with dietary reference intakes according to the concept of the healthy eating pyramid for the calculated caloric content of the diet. To assess food diversity, the method of calculating the unique values (count base diversity) of food products from the diet by 11 groups was used: cereals, meat and eggs, fish and non-fish products of the sea, fatty foods, dairy products, vegetables, legumes and nuts, fruits and berries, confectionery, beverages, sauces, and spices with counting the number of positions in each of the studied food groups. A comparison of the mean values of the number of positions in each of the studied food groups was used to compare the dietary diversity in patients. The analysis of diets according to the method of culinary processing of dishes and products was performed by dividing them into 6 categories: cooked without heat treatment, boiled, stewed, fried, baked in the oven, or grilled. The total weight of food consumed per day by the individual (excluding thermostable components – water and salt) and the percentage of each of the categories of culinary processing in the diet (calculated by weight) were considered. As an integral indicator of the quality of diet, the participants’ diets were assessed using the criteria of the Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI 2015), which reflects the percentage of compliance with the optimal diet according to the American guidelines on healthy eating. Results. A comparison of the diets of the studied food groups in patients with IBD revealed a low intake of dietary fiber (17.3 ± 5.8 vs. 22.9 ± 7.6 g/day, p = 0.006) and a decrease in the frequency of meals (4.0 ± 0.9 vs. 4.9 ± 0.8 times per day, p = 0.003). Their diets were characterized by lower consumption of fruits (0.19 ± 0.26 vs. 0.55 ± 0.54, p = 0.002), vegetables (0.61 ± 0.37 vs. 0.95 ± 0.47, p = 0.01) and meat and fish products (1.43 ± 0.76 vs. 2.03 ± 1.15, p = 0.042), and higher consumption of fatty foods (1.62 ± 0.71 vs. 1.15 ± 0.97, p = 0.019). The profile of heat treatment of foods in patients with IBD differed significantly with a higher proportion of fried foods (13.79 ± 13.34% vs. 7.55 ± 9.32%, p = 0.047) and baked foods (16.00 ± 8.54% vs. 12.00 ± 11.36%, p = 0.013). The results of the assessment of dietary diversity showed that patients in the IBD group consumed significantly fewer types of fruits (1.00 ± 1.13 vs. 1.96 ± 1.47, p = 0.013) and grain products (2.07 ± 1.12 vs. 2.64 ± 1.12, p = 0.05) and more varieties of confectionery (1.57 ± 0.90 vs. 1.10 ± 0.78, p = 0.035). An integral assessment of the quality of the diet based on HEI 2015 showed a significantly lower value in individuals with IBD compared with those of patients with IBS (40.11 ± 12.04% vs. 51.53 ± 9.31%, p = 0.001). Conclusion. Currently, the role of diet therapy in supporting pharmacotherapy for IBD is greatly underestimated. Most of patients with IBD have disordered and unbalanced diets, and measures aimed at optimizing their nutritional status may improve the quality of life of patients and reduce the burden of spending health resources on expensive therapies and surgical interventions. Key words: healthy diet, dietary pattern, dietary assessment, IBD

Omega-3 fatty acids: Current insights into mechanisms of action in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is one of the autoimmune diseases characterized by the lack of self-tolerance and the formation of immune complexes and nuclear autoantigens resulting in inflammation in multiple organs. Nowadays, the major aim of SLE therapy is the control of disease activity. However, the biological heterogeneity between patients and the absence of safe and specific targeted treatments complicate the lupus management. Therefore, the potential prophylactic effects of natural therapy considering the potential side effects of classical pharmacology, also the role of diet therapy in decreasing co-morbidities and improving quality of life in SLE patients could be a promising approach to SLE disease. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) are one of the agents that are considered for their preventive and therapeutic properties in disease activity of SLE and the related complications. The intake of omega-3 PUFAs likely has a direct relationship with improvements in inflammatory, cardiovascular, depressive, and neuromotor symptoms of the patients. The current review summarizes clinical and preclinical studies with comprehensive insights into the mechanisms of action of omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 FAs) in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus to provide an update on the negative and positive aspects of the intake of omega-3 FAs in SLE patients.

Сучасний підхід до діагностики та лікування судом у новонароджених та дітей раннього віку

The article is devoted to the topical problem of neonatology and pediatric neurology — the diagnosis and treatment of seizures in newborns and young children. The work presents an algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of epileptic seizures in children. It is indicated that the therapeutic effect of most antiepileptic drugs consists of modulation of voltage-gated and ligand-gated channels of membranes of neurons of the cerebral cortex, enhancement of inhibitory synaptic transmission or inhibition of activating synaptic transmission. The issues of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antiepileptic drugs are considered, taking into account the age characteristics of the child's body, in particular, newborns and early age children. The problems of drug interaction were discussed. The properties of individual antiepileptic drugs, which are used in newborns and young children, are considered. Emphasized are «polar» differences in the work of phenobarbital, which depend on the stage of epileptogenesis, namely: suppression of epileptiform activity at the early stage of epileptogenesis and its enhancement in the already formed epileptic focus (epileptic system). The literature data on the differentiated treatment of certain epileptic syndromes are presented. The issues on the prospects for the treatment of genetically determined diseases, which are accompanied by seizures associated with metabolic disorders, are considered. The modern high-tech methods of treatment of these diseases are noted. The role of diet therapy, co-factor therapy in the treatment of hereditary metabolic disorders, in particular, the ketogenic diet as a method of alternative treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy in children, is shown. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: newborn, epilepsy, epileptic encephalopathy, treatment, antiepileptic drugs, review.

Anisakiasis: The Importance of Prevention and the Role of Diet Therapy in Allergic Patients

Introduction: Anisakiasis is a zoonosis of parasitic origin whose diffusion seems to be continuously increasing. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits of a fish-free diet in patients allergic to Anisakis simplex as well as underlining the importance of awareness and prevention. Furthermore, we aimed to investigate the critical issues related to the spread of anisakiasis in relation to eating habits. Methods: Patients were assessed by means of skin prick tests (SPTs) and targeted laboratory testing, with an 18-month-long fish-free diet being recommended in cases of severe sensitization. The degree of awareness about anisakiasis was evaluated from interviews. Patients were subjected to follow-up visits after 18 months. Results: A total of 70 cases of sensitization to A. simplex were evaluated. The Interview answers highlighted a general state of misinformation among patients and healthy subjects along with a remarkable underestimation of anisakiasis-related risks. An overall lack of care regarding eating habits and diet plans also emerged. In 21 patients affected by severe sensitization, clinical and laboratory evaluations were repeated after 18 months of the subjects being on a fish-free diet. There was a remarkable improvement in serum IgE levels and clinical symptoms. Conclusion: Data analysis proved the need to implement new and more effective awareness-raising and prevention campaigns in order to reduce the incidence of anisakiasis. It is crucial to establish an adequate diet therapy for sensitized patients. Evaluation of cytokine patterns suggests how a polyphenol-rich regime can activate regulatory T cell function and possibly reduce the allergic and inflammatory components of the disease.

The Role of Diet Therapy in the Treatment of Liver Disease

Introduction:The liver is the largest gland in the human body, and serves to store nutrients and neutralize harmful compounds. The liver plays a very important role in a number of metabolic, both catabolic and anabolic processes, and is therefore called the „central laboratory“ of the organism. If liver disease occurs, they can affect all its parts–liver cells, bile ducts, blood and lymph vessels. The liver is damaged by various toxins, drugs, infections, disturbances in the blood supply and other disorders. Diet therapy has been a part of the process in the treatment of liver disease for a while. The therapeutic principle is better known as the „liver diet“. The liver diet not only means the replenishment of calories and nutrients, but it significantly affects the course of the disease.Aim:The aim of the research is to show that diet therapy plays an important role in the treatment of liver disease as a component for faster recovery of the liver and restoration of its normal function, as well as protecting the liver after overcoming the disease.Results:Among the respondents, there were 39 men (64%) and 22 women (36%) who had liver disease as a chronic condition. Most respondents are between 51 and 65 years old (28 and 46%, respectively), while the least number of respondents are in the 20 to 30 age group. The largest number of respondents cited alcohol as the cause of the disease, 31 of them (50.8%), while the virus was the cause of the disease in 15 respondents (24.5%). Of the total sample, most respondents answered that they sometimes (45.9%) or often (47.5%) overeat. The results of the questionnaire showed that 85.2% of the respondents were smokers before the diagnosis of the disease. In most respondents, the food they ate before diagnosis was moderately fatty (52.5%). Using chi-square tests, it was found that there are statistically significant differences in the consumption of almost all foods before the diagnosis of the disease and after the obtained dietary recommendations (p<0.05).Conclusions:The aim of the research was confirmed that diet therapy plays an important role in the treatment of liver disease as a component for faster recovery of the liver and restoration of its normal function, and after overcoming the disease it still protects the liver. The main purpose of creating a diet therapy program and plan proved to be significant and necessary because more than half of the respondents rated our advice as excellent. As most causes of liver disease can be prevented, it is necessary to work on familiarizing the population with risk factors, promote a healthy lifestyle and proper nutrition, and identify at-risk patients who must enter the monitoring system for early detection of liver disease.

The Role of Diet Therapy in the Patients treatment with Hyperuricemia and Metabolic Syndrome

The Role of Diet Therapy in the Patients treatment with Hyperuricemia and Metabolic Syndrome

Nutrition support in inflammatory bowel disease

The mechanisms of nutritional therapy in inflammatory bowel disease have not been thoroughly established. It is likely that a further understanding of the underlying disease process will allow better understanding of these forms of therapy, with a sounder rationale for the construction of specific diet constituents for therapy. Regardless, nutritional therapy is likely to be multidimensional, and various forms may affect different aspects of the disease process. Decreased inflammatory factors, decreased antigenic stimuli, provision of essential nutrients, improved immune function, and other factors may all be of varying importance in different patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Little work has been done on the role of diet therapy in the long-term treatment of patients with inflammatory bowel disease as a method of preventing relapse. Parenteral nutrition and elemental diets appear to have limited roles in this area. Some investigation has been done to see if minor modifications of the normal diet can prolong remission periods. Low-fiber diets are frequently recommended for patients with strictures. Whether this has any significant effect on symptoms, inflammation, or complications is unclear. Heaton et al suggested that a high-fiber, unrefined carbohydrate diet resulted in fewer and shorter hospitalizations. In a prospective follow-up study by Ritchie et al, however, these results were not able to be reproduced. Exclusion diets have also been suggested as a means of reducing relapse rates in patients with Crohn's disease. In a small, randomized, controlled trial of an exclusion diet versus an unrefined carbohydrate, fiber-rich diet, there were significantly fewer relapses among the patients treated with the exclusion diet at 6 months. These diets require intensive patient cooperation, but the potential side effects are minimal. Clearly, these findings need to be reproduced in large, prospective, randomized, controlled studies before widespread use can be advocated. A great deal of data exists on the use of nutritional supplementation in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, although little of it is in the form of large, randomized, controlled studies. Nutritional manipulation currently has a limited role in patients with ulcerative colitis; a much broader role exists in patients with Crohn's disease. The mechanisms by which nutritional therapy affects these diseases may include a combination of factors--decreased antigenic exposure, improved immune function, and provision of essential nutrients and calories needed for bowel regeneration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)