Role In Poverty Research Articles

The disappearance of ‘poverty’ in Dutch House of Representatives debates on the sexual exploitation of children in travel and tourism (SECTT)

Policymaking is storytelling; through stories, the policymaker learns of the problem, and based on these stories, the policymaker formulates a solution. In our earlier study of discussions about sexual exploitation of children in the context of travel and tourism (SECTT) in the Dutch House of Representatives, we suggest that the central story in these discussions revolves around ‘crime’ and law enforcement. Despite evidence on the links between poverty and SECTT, few policy suggestions target this risk factor. In our current study, we piece together the story told about the role of poverty in SECTT in Dutch House of Representatives debates, letters and documents from 1995 to 2020 using Faircloughian CDA enhanced with an analysis of transitivity. Our findings indicate that initially, poverty was indeed discussed as a key cause of SECTT. SECTT was understood as a fundamentally commercial practice through which children and their families aim to escape that poverty. Over time, however, the agency attributed to these families diminishes and focus shifts to (the actions of) abusers and exploiters. This development appears to be connected to shifting political orientations of consecutive Dutch government coalitions.

Carbon emission in MINT economies: The role of poverty, population, energy use and economic factors

AbstractPoor environmental quality is usually observed in developing blocs. Some plausible explanations are due to the high poverty level and their economic characterisation. The present study focuses on exploring the effect of poverty on environmental degradation over annual data from 1990 to 2018 for MINT economies (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkiye). By leveraging panel econometrics procedures that are robust to cross‐sectional and slope homogeneity issues, the results show evidence of an equilibrium relationship among the examined variables namely households final consumption expenditure, CO2 emissions, GDP, electricity consumption and population over the sampled period. Findings from this study establish that poverty is a core to environmental degradation in Türkiye and the plausible explanation is due to the country's demography while on the contrary, Nigeria, Indonesia and Mexico show that poverty is not a core contributor to environmental degradation. Thus, from a policy lens, there is need for concerted efforts by government officials and all stakeholders in the examined countries to reduce environmental degradation by improving per capita income (SDG‐8) in the region productive economic activities to raise income level in the bloc. Additionally, there is a need for energy transition from fossil fuel‐based energy to cleaner energy alternative options. More policy caveats are elucidated in the concluding section.

Yoksulluk ve Afetlerin İnsan Güvenliği ve Refahı Üzerindeki Etkileri: Türkiye Örneği

Poverty and disasters are complex issues that directly impact the quality of life and security of people worldwide. Poverty makes communities more vulnerable to disasters, thereby increasing the risks of catastrophes. Factors such as inadequate infrastructure, unplanned urbanization, and resource limitations exacerbate the effects of poverty, potentially escalating the frequency and severity of disasters. Moreover, low educational attainment and insufficient pre-disaster risk management can adversely affect post-disaster crisis management, hindering swift recovery efforts for communities. Impoverished communities often struggle to access essential services such as emergency medical assistance in the aftermath of disasters. This difficulty significantly impairs post-disaster response and recovery efforts, deepening the impact of disasters on impoverished societies and prolonging the return to normalcy. Economic losses, asset depletion, and decreased labor productivity further push already impoverished populations into long-term cycles of poverty. Restrictions in accessing basic necessities also pose significant barriers during post-disaster recovery processes; challenges in transportation, housing, and nutrition can contribute to worsening poverty conditions. In this context, the role of poverty in disaster preparedness is crucial. It is vital for countries like Turkey to strengthen the capacities of all local communities and develop effective disaster strategies. Integrating poverty alleviation strategies with disaster management systems is essential to mitigate disaster risks, minimize post-disaster impacts, and facilitate faster community recovery. This study aims to underscore the importance of poverty in disaster preparedness processes and develop strategic recommendations by focusing on the relationship between poverty and disasters in Turkey. Keywords: Disaster, Disaster Management, Poverty, Security, Turkey

Multidimensional Poverty and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A U.S. National Study

BackgroundPoverty is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). While poverty can be evaluated using income, a unidimensional poverty metric inadequately captures socioeconomic adversity. ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to examine the association between a multidimensional poverty measure and ASCVD. MethodsSurvey data from the National Health Interview Survey was analyzed. Four poverty dimensions were used: income, education, self-reported health, and health insurance status. A weighted deprivation score (ci) was calculated for each person. The multidimensional poverty index was computed for various cutoffs, k, for total population, and by ASCVD status. The association between multidimensional poverty and ASCVD was examined using Poisson regression. Area under receiver operator characteristics curve analysis was performed to compare the multidimensional poverty measure with the income poverty measure as a classification tool for ASCVD. ResultsAmong the 328,164 participants, 55.0% were females, the mean age was 46.3 years, 63.1% were non-Hispanic Whites, and 14.1% were non-Hispanic Blacks. Participants with ASCVD (7.95%) experienced greater deprivation at each multidimensional poverty cutoff, k, compared to those without ASCVD. In adjusted models, higher burden of multidimensional poverty was associated with up to 2.4-fold increased prevalence of ASCVD (ci = 0.25, adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.66, P < 0.001; ci = 0.50, aPR = 1.99; ci = 0.75, aPR = 2.29; P < 0.001; ci = 1.00, aPR = 2.38, P < 0.001). Multidimensional poverty exhibited modestly higher discriminant validity, compared to income poverty (area under receiver operator characteristics = 0.62 vs 0.58). ConclusionsThere is an association between the multidimensional poverty and ASCVD. Multidimensional poverty index demonstrates slightly better discriminatory power than income alone. Future validation studies are warranted to redefine poverty's role in health outcomes.

Do languages matter? The impact of local dialect proficiency on multidimensional poverty alleviation among rural-to-urban migrants in China

Language plays a crucial role in poverty among migrants. However, the relationship between language skills and poverty among internal migrants in developing countries has received limited attention. Using data from 11,789 rural-to-urban (RTU) migrants in the China Migrants Dynamic Survey, this study empirically assesses the impact of local dialect proficiency (LDP) on multidimensional poverty alleviation among migrants and further investigates potential mediators of this association. The results indicate that enhanced LDP significantly reduces the prevalence of multidimensional poverty among RTU migrants, with speaking proficiency having a more significant effect than listening proficiency. Moreover, three key mechanisms contribute to multidimensional poverty alleviation through LDP: the expansion of social networks, enhancement of urban identity, and improvement of employment quality. Heterogeneity analyses reveal that the impact of LDP on multidimensional poverty alleviation is more significant in regions characterized by higher dialect diversity and lower popularity of Mandarin, as well as among males, older generations, and RTU migrants with lower levels of education. In conclusion, this study advances understanding of the role of language proficiency in poverty alleviation among migrants by constructing a cultural-linguistic theoretical framework.

Child abuse, the narrative of parents living in poverty: a critical analysis of parental and professional explanations of why a child was harmed

ABSTRACT Research has identified an association between poverty and the likelihood of children suffering from abuse. What is less clear is how the experience of living in poverty links to this abuse. This qualitative study investigated individual stories of child abuse and the role of poverty in their lives. Through interpretative phenomenological analysis explanations why children had been abused were elicited from parents and professionals. Poverty as an abstract concept was articulated by parents describing their lived experience, breaking it down into its constituent parts. Social health and environmental contexts and the personal consequences of this emerged from the data. Professionals missed poverty at a macro level by focussing on the micro processes, leading to explanations of the abuse as personal inadequacy rather than systemic issues.

158 Associations Between County Level Poverty and Firearm Injuries in the State of Maryland

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: The United States is experiencing an epidemic of firearm deaths and injuries. Poverty and other socioeconomic factors have been linked to firearm injuries on the national level. The goal of this study is to examine the relationship between county level poverty and firearm injuries in the State of Maryland. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This is a cross sectional study assessing fatal and non-fatal firearm injuries of all ages between 2018-2020 utilizing data from the State of Maryland’s Health Services Cost Review Commission. Our primary analysis will involve calculating injury and mortality rates to assess if fatal and non-fatal firearm injuries are associated with county-level poverty, defined as the percentage of the population living below the federal poverty line. Rates will be calculated by determining county level population within subgroups using the National Historical Geographical Information System database. We will also conduct regression analyses to adjust for confounding variables selected based on evidence from prior research. Some of these variables include age, sex, race, urbanicity, and the social vulnerability index. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: An abundance of prior research has demonstrated differences in firearm injury by age, sex, and race. Prior studies have also shown that poverty is associated with higher rates of firearm-related deaths among youth. Based on that foundational data, we anticipate that regression analyses will demonstrate that counties with higher poverty levels will have higher rates of fatal and non-fatal firearm injuries, even after controlling for other known risk factors. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Findings from this study will contribute to growing evidence on the role of poverty in the burden of firearm injuries and mortality. This will have policy implications regarding the allocation of public health resources and interventions aimed at reducing firearm-related injuries and deaths in Maryland.

The role of power transmission infrastructure in income inequality: Fresh evidence from China

Power infrastructure plays a critical role in poverty and economic growth, but its distributional effects remain actively debated, especially in developing countries. This paper empirically examines the effects of power transmission infrastructure on income inequality in China. We find that power transmission infrastructure has a significant income distribution effect. This paper also analyzes its impact mechanism and suggests that the distributional effects mainly work through improving agricultural productivity and rural residents' income. With further research, the empirical results show that the fruit of power transmission infrastructure development is unevenly distributed within different groups, and the income inequality within urban and rural sectors has become even worse. The distributional effects also differ across regions, and the power-importing areas benefit more than exporting regions. These findings suggest insightful references for developing countries’ power infrastructure planning and construction strategy.

The Role of Poverty, Food Security, and Rapid Population Growth on Human Development in Pakistan

This study examines the relationships among poverty, food security, rapid population growth, and human development in Pakistan over 1990-2018 to achieve the targets of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1: No poverty and 2: Zero Hunger. The study applies time series based econometric approaches, which have the ability to incorporate regime shifts in the estimation process. The Zivot and Andrews unit root test is supplied for first-order integration, Bound, and Gregory Hansen cointegration tests to support the cointegration relationship among the variables. Similarly, the results obtained from autoregressive distributed lags (ARDL) stated that food security and income growth simultaneously increase human development in Pakistan. In contrast, the role of rapid population growth is negatively affecting human development in the country. The results from fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) are simultaneously supporting the results of ARDL. The estimates of Granger causality revealed that income is unilaterally, and population growth is bi-directionally, causing human development in Pakistan. Similarly, the causality from human development to food security is also unidirectional. Finally, the study informs policymakers to devise effective policy guidelines for achieving the targets of SDGs 1 and 2 for Pakistan.

The Role of Poverty, Food Security, and Rapid Population Growth on Human Development in Pakistan

This study examines the relationships among poverty, food security, rapid populationgrowth, and human development in Pakistan over 1990-2018 to achieve the targets ofSustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 1: No poverty and 2: Zero Hunger. The study appliestime series based econometric approaches, which have the ability to incorporate regime shifts inthe estimation process. The Zivot and Andrews unit root test is supplied for first-orderintegration, Bound, and Gregory Hansen cointegration tests to support the cointegrationrelationship among the variables. Similarly, the results obtained from autoregressive distributedlags (ARDL) stated that food security and income growth simultaneously increase humandevelopment in Pakistan. In contrast, the role of rapid population growth is negatively affectinghuman development in the country. The results from fully modified ordinary least squares(FMOLS) and canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) are simultaneously supporting theresults of ARDL. The estimates of Granger causality revealed that income is unilaterally, andpopulation growth is bi-directionally, causing human development in Pakistan. Similarly, thecausality from human development to food security is also unidirectional. Finally, the studyinforms policymakers to devise effective policy guidelines for achieving the targets of SDGs 1and 2 for Pakistan.

Chasing the Youth Dividend in Nigeria, Malawi and South Africa: What Is the Role of Poverty in Determining the Health and Health Seeking Behaviour of Young Women?

Africa's new source of hope lies in harnessing Demographic Dividend, which may create a window of economic opportunity as fertility levels decrease if the correct policies and programmes are put in place. It has been shown that the health status of young people should be optimal for the realisation of the demographic dividend. This study examined the association between poverty and the health status and health seeking behaviour of young women (15-25), using the Demographic Health surveys of Nigeria 2013, Malawi 2015-2016, and South Africa 2015-2016. Interest variables were household and community-levels of poverty, while the outcomes were pregnancy and HIV testing and health services seeking. Results showed that in Malawi only household poverty was associated with a higher likelihood of pregnancy, while in South Africa household- and community-levels of poverty were associated with a higher likelihood of pregnancy. In Nigeria, household- and community-levels of poverty were not significantly linked to pregnancy but were associated with a lower likelihood of HIV testing and health seeking behaviour. The study shows empirical evidence of the construction of negative health outcomes in poor households and communities in Nigeria, Malawi, and South Africa. Therefore, if the demographic dividend is to be a reality in the near future, it is imperative to ensure that poverty-alleviation urgently occurs.

A burning issue: Reviewing the socio-demographic and environmental justice aspects of the wildfire literature.

Larger and more severe wildfires are becoming more frequent and impacting different communities and human settlements. Much of the scientific literature and media on wildfires has focused on area of ecosystems burned and numbers of structures destroyed. Equally unprecedented, but often less reported, are the increasing socioeconomic impacts different people and communities face from wildfires. Such information seems to indicate an emerging need to account for wildfire effects on peri-urban or wildland urban interface (WUI) areas, newer socio-demographic groups, and disadvantaged communities. To address this, we reviewed the socio-demographic dimensions of the wildfire literature using an environmental justice (EJ) lens. Specifically using a literature review of wildfires, human communities, social vulnerability, and homeowner mitigation, we conducted bibliometric and statistical analyses of 299 publications. The majority of publications were from the United States, followed by Canada and Australia, and most dealt with homeowner mitigation of risk, defensible space, and fuel treatments in WUI areas. Most publications studied the direct effects of wildfire related damage. Secondary impacts such as smoke, rural and urban communities, and the role of poverty and language were less studied. Based on a proposed wildfire-relevant EJ definition, the first EJ publication was in 2004, but the term was first used as a keyword in 2018. Studies in WUI communities statistically decreased the likelihood that a publication was EJ relevant. There was a significant relationship between EJ designation and inclusion of race/ethnicity and poverty variables in the study. Complexity across the various definitions of EJ suggest that it should not be used as a quantitative or binary metric; but as a lens to better understand socio-ecological impacts to diverse communities. We present a wildfire-relevant definition to potentially guide policy formulation and account for social and environmental justice issues.

Progress Toward the Sustainable Development Goals

Abstract. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are an assemblage of interwoven goals intended to be a “blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all by 2030” ( United Nations, 2020 ). The SDGs have been the subject of extensive research and debate, particularly regarding their feasibility and global applicability in our COVID-19 world. This research considered the question of progress toward sustainable development from the perspective of professionals involved in sustainability education and movements across diverse Global South settings. Participants emphasized three key themes: the role of poverty in sustainability efforts and challenges within the Global South, shortcomings of Global North-based notions and strategies of development, and the importance of local knowledge derived from Global South perspectives. The discussion considers more emancipatory possibilities for sustainable and just living.

A Comparative Analysis Of Gender And Old Age Problems In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

The study of old age problems is an emerging field in Pakistan. Old age brings variety of problems for both males and females, however, the nature of the problems of elderly men and women are different. This paper compares and analyses the problems faced by elderly men and women. This research study has been conducted in the semi urban town of Timergara, the head quarter of District Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data was collected from the respondents aged 60 years and above through in-depth interviews. The respondents were selected using convenient sampling technique. The study finds that because of gender discrimination and cultural factors, women have lower access to health services than men. Consequently health problems of elderly women are more severe than the health problems of elderly men. The study further finds that women at old age are poorer than men due to cultural restrictions on education, women employment, deprivation from property inheritance. Lack of old age pension and widowhood also plays role in poverty of elderly women.

Roles of Technology Usage in Cash Waqf Contribution: Factors to Enhance Collection of Cash Waqf in Malaysia

The introduction of cash waqf in Malaysia casts a new light on the creation of policies for enhancing the quality of life of those who are impoverished. Malaysia's fast expansion of cash waqf has reached new heights in recent years. One of the contributing elements to this issue is a growing awareness among the general population.The religious state department and waqf centres in Malaysia are also active in developing more contemporary waqf instruments that are beneficial to the general public. This increases the prospects of cash waqf to play a more prominent role in poverty alleviating initiatives in Malaysia. It is because, cash waqf is one of the alternative instruments that can overall improve the social welfare and reduce the poverty rate and at the same time, lessen the burden of the government. However, the collection of cash waqf fund in Malaysia is something that could be improved due to the total amount collected did not reflect the total amount of Muslim population in Malaysia. Hence, there is a need to find the best method to improve the collection of cash waqf. In line with technology advancement, it is expected that technology adoption in the method of collection cash waqf could be a steppingstone to increase the amount of fund. With this reason, technology usage is aims to be the factor that would enhance the contribution of cash waqf. This study used 284 respondents who were employed Muslims to investigate the effect of technology usage in influence intention of individual to contribute cash waqf. This study used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyse data through correlation analysis. Referring to the correlation analysis, the finding discovered that there is a positive and strong relationship between technology usage and intention of cash waqf contribution. This could be concluded the roles of technology usage in influence people’s intention for cash waqf contribution.

Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Chain and Poverty in Pakistan

COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the food supply throughout the world. Pandemics affect the economy of nations badly but a number of countries were facing food insecurity even before COVID-19 pandemic. In this paper yearly data of food security is collected from the year 2015 to 2020 to inspect the consequences of poverty and COVID-19 pandemic through spatial regression analysis. The analysis shows that the food insecurity index has increased up to 33.5% by the year 2020 due to prevailing COVID- 19 pandemic. The Asian residents which are already living in developing countries have faced higher food insecurity between the years 2015 and 2018. The spatial regression analysis babbled that the discriminations like race, religion and creed doesn’t play any significant role in poverty and food insecurity. The primary factor of food insecurity is poverty. The poverty affected strongly during the years 2015 and 2018, the condition was worsened by the arrival of COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.

An Assessment of Sustainable Economic Growth: The Role of Poverty and Education Revisited

This study intended to explore the linkage between education, poverty rates, and economic growth in Pakistan. Data for various variables have been collected from 1973 to 2017. After establishing the stationary process by utilizing the Augmented Dickey-Fuller Test the research used the (ARDL) Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag methodology to estimate the empirical relationships. This study took GDP as a dependent variable whereas independent variables are literacy, health, inflation, headcount ratio, export. The result concluded that Inflation and poverty are the determinants to hinder economic growth while Health, Exports, and literacy are statically significant and have a positive impact on economic growth. It is suggested that a keen focus should put to enhance the educational and health facilities so that higher growth can be achieved. Anti-poverty policies must be made that make them more productive so this will lead to the growth process.

Empowerment as a Mediator between Education and Reproductive Health Care in Egypt: The Impact of Poverty and Residence

Introduction: Since women’s access to the required reproductive health care reduces maternal and foetal deaths and postpartum complications for both, this study examined the role of poverty and residence on the model where empowerment played a mediating role between education and women’s access to reproductive health care. Methods: The study used the Multiple-Group Path Analysis based on the 2014 Egypt’s Demographic Health Survey. Results: Women’s Empowerment acts as a partial mediator between their education and receiving reproductive health care, while it acts as a full mediator between the husband’s education and the woman’s reception of that care. There are no significant differences among the categories of the residence and wealth models with regard to both the effect of education, of the woman and her husband, on empowerment and the effect of the latter on receiving health care. There is a significant difference among the categories of the wealth model regarding the effect of women’s education on receiving health care, whereas this difference does not exist among the residence model categories. Conclusion: The effect of both women’s education and empowerment on receiving reproductive health care is higher among the poor and the rural dwellers, while the effect of the husbands’ education on empowerment is weak among these categories. Therefore, a new societal culture must be created through educational curricula, female illiteracy and dropping out of education stages must be reduced, and poverty must be mitigated through an integrated system targeted for small projects and supported by all facilities.

The Selling of birth right in Genesis 25:29-34 and vote-buying in Nigerian elections: Interrogating the role of poverty.

The Selling of birth right in Genesis 25:29-34 and vote-buying in Nigerian elections: Interrogating the role of poverty.

Greek Roma mothers’ relationship with education: aspirations and expectations regarding the educational future of their children

ABSTRACT This paper explores Greek Roma mothers’ aspirations and expectations regarding the education of their children, analysing responses regarding three core issues: the value they ascribe to education, their educational aspirations, and their perceived resources for supporting their children’s education. The analysis is based on 27 in-depth interviews with Greek Roma mothers of 3–6 or 9–11 years-old children living in the broader Athens metropolitan area. The Super and Harkness’ theoretical framework of developmental niche guided the study. Thematic analysis according to Braun and Clark was employed for data analysis. Consistent with previous research, this study showed that Greek Roma mothers recognised the importance of school attendance and the positive effect it could have on their children’s lives in terms of upward social mobility and improvement in their standard of living. Their educational aspirations were high, and the role of poverty was a major factor in shaping attitudes towards schooling. Understanding their values and beliefs provides a more thorough perspective on designing social-educational interventions with the use of more culturally appropriate approaches.