Political Role Research Articles

The Role of Emotions, Power, and Politics in Setting Policy Agenda: A Theoretical Analysis of Policy Inaction in the Shipbreaking Industries in Bangladesh

Agenda-setting may not always be a rational process and depends mostly on the perception of the policy problem made by the policy entrepreneurs to the decision-makers where ‘non-decision’ or ‘policy-inaction’ is also a kind of decision to avoid certain issues. Taking the existing ship-breaking policy of Bangladesh as a case study, this study tries to theoretically analyze how the level of public emotions and exercise of political power impact policy-making in a policy domain that resulted in no policy change. The study applies mainly two theories of public policy: the threshold model of the policy process by Christopher Pepin-Neff and the theory of three faces of power by Lukes which relates public emotions and political power with policy formulations. The study argues that, according to these theories, the case study is an example of high emotion policy threshold (HEHP) issue where, despite the initiatives by some policy actors to open a new policy window and the demands of the advocacy coalition consisting of International Labour Organization (ILO) and non-government organizations (NGO), the government used covert power to establish the preference of employment generation, national GDP and GNP and exclude the demand of policy-redesign from policy-agenda. The objective of this study is not to establish a new proposition of policy discussion but rather to discuss policy inaction or agenda-setting in an existing problem from a new perspective, theoretically from two distinct points of view: emotions and political power.

The Politics of Childcare

The politics of childcare has become a vibrant area of research. This review analyzes the evolution of this research over several decades and identifies two phases of scholarship. The first phase concerned the limited public supports for childcare in most countries and how this reinforced a particular gender order. A second current of research took off as many countries expanded their childcare systems and highlighted the role of electoral politics and ideas about public spending on childcare as an investment in human capital. In the drive to explain patterns of policy change, the research focus has narrowed, occluding the substantive impact of different childcare systems. Future research should probe the stubbornness of gender inequalities in paid work and care and how politics and public policies shape different care economies.

Bulgarians, Wallachians and Tatars in Several Hungarian Charters of King Charles Robert (1301–1342)

The article examines several charters of the Hungarian king Charles Robert (1301–1342), which provide important information about the Balkan political history in the first half of the 14th century. Some of these documents are already known in Bulgarian historiography, but they have been used without being included in the context of the political role of the Golden Horde in the Balkans. In the article, additional charters of King Charles Robert are drawn, which allow to study the relations of the Kingdom of Hungary with the Bulgarians, the Wallachians and the Tatars. The chronology of a little-known Hungarian- Bulgarian war of 1324, during which the Hungarians conquered the Bulgarian fortress of Guren across the Danube, is discussed. It shows the great influence that Tsar Michael III Shishman (1323–1330) exerted on Ivanko Basaraba (c. 1323–1352), the founder of the Wallachian Voivodeship.

Climate Change and Health Within the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction: Opportunities and Challenges

The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR) is at its 10th anniversary amidst a rapidly changing climate, which, together with social vulnerabilities, have led to significant impacts on human health and well-being. In the climate change and health field, the term “climate-related health risks” is often used while the term “health disaster” is less common. This article identifies opportunities and challenges that the SFDRR presents for the intersection between climate change and health. The SFDRR, through disaster risk reduction for climate change and health, complements international health- and climate change-related agendas. It expands the perspective of climate change and health beyond the classical health sphere by highlighting the importance of addressing the underlying drivers of disaster risk, most of them related to social vulnerabilities. Additionally, strong governance and leadership from the health sector might foster the integration of health-centered perspectives into climate change policies. However, the SFDRR faces challenges due to differential capacities among countries, which limit effective implementation. The role of politics, power, and diverse interests needs to be recognized in disaster-related decision-making processes, as well as the many barriers for global and systematic disaster-related data structures that limit a comprehensive understanding of disaster risk. The 10th anniversary of the SFDRR represents an opportunity to reflect on the many opportunities that it represents and on the challenges that need to be addressed. By looking for synergies among diverse agendas, initiatives, and collaborations, the SFDRR sheds some light on protecting people’s health and well-being.

Textual Variations and Historical Context: Revisiting the Kaicheng Era Poetic Examination in Yunxi Youyi

This paper examines the historical and cultural significance of the record Reviving Ancient Practices in Yunxi Youyi. It focuses on the Kaicheng-era poetic examination, during which Li Hong's poem The Dance of the Feathered Garments earned top honors. The imperial edict by Emperor Wenzong sought to revive traditional cultural practices by emphasizing the stylistic norms of the Qi and Liang dynasties in poetry. Li Hong's achievements, rooted in his imperial lineage and poetic excellence, exemplify the interplay between political patronage and literary merit. The study also explores the textual variations across primary sources, including Records of Tang Poetry and Taiping Guangji, analyzing their implications for reconstructing the examination's historical context. Additional evidence from epitaphs and literary connections with figures such as Li Shangyin further sheds light on Li Hong's life and career, suggesting his prominence in the Tang intellectual milieu. Finally, the study highlights Emperor Wenzong's broader cultural aspirations, including the reconstruction of Kaiyuan-era music and dance, as reflected in the examination's themes. This analysis underscores the intertwined roles of politics, culture, and literature in Tang Dynasty examinations, offering fresh insights into the period's intellectual and cultural landscape.

Politeness and Prosody: The Effect of Power, Distance, and Imposition on Pitch Contours in Spanish.

Research in the last few decades has examined the intersection between phonetics and politeness in multiple languages. While most of the studies have analyzed the role of politeness on suprasegmental features (i.e., pitch or duration), few have considered the key contextual variables of power, distance, and imposition. This study investigates the systematic effects of power, distance, and imposition on the final intonational contours of polar questions in Central Peninsular Spanish native speakers. A total of 36 native speakers from Madrid completed a contextualized reading-sentence task in which they read aloud paragraph-length contextualizing situations and the target polar questions. The situations were balanced for two levels of power (high/low), distance (high/low), and imposition (high/low). The results from the contextualized reading-sentence task showed that the low-rising final intonational contour (L*H%) was the most employed intonational contour in every context, while the remaining contours were H*H%, H*L%, L*L%. The results confirm that L*H% is the prevailing final intonational contour in Spanish polar questions while also shedding light on the variability of other intonational configurations. In addition, the study determines whether final nuclear contours are impacted by power, distance, and impositions. The findings are discussed within the framework of Politeness Theory and the work on the phonetics and pragmatics interface.

The Role of Islamic Economic Politics in Implementing Globalization ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)

Islamic economic opportunities in the MEA era, especially in Indonesia. As understood, the MEA is a cooperation and development of ASEAN integration that aims to play an important role in supporting economic integration, building a unique economic identity, and increasing inclusiveness in the Asian region. This study concludes that Indonesia can have the opportunity for sustainable Islamic economic development because, in terms of social justice in Islamic economics, it can encourage a more equitable distribution of income and reduce economic inequality. Second, Indonesian Islamic banking can be a national strength towards a golden Indonesia and help encourage economic inclusiveness among MEA member countries, by providing greater opportunities for all levels of society in Indonesia.

Polarization and Shared Attention among Influential Amplifiers of 2018 U.S. Primary Candidates

The spread of information on Twitter/X hinges on a relatively small set of influential accounts that shape the narrative during political events. In this paper, we identify and describe the ecosystem of influencers in the ego networks of candidates from the 2018 U.S. primaries across a large set of governor, house, and senate races. The ecosystem includes both amplifying influencers, who share tweets by candidates, as well as accounts regularly promoted by these amplifiers, whom we label ecosystem influencers. We classify these accounts with respect to their partisanship and political role. We find asymmetry across the two major parties, with Democrats receiving more formal party support than Republicans, whose amplifiers skew more towards ‘activist’ accounts that feature relatively high levels of bot or bot-like behavior. We also find that nearly all amplifying influencers share tweets from candidates representing a single political party. However, there is substantial overlap in the ecosystem influencers that these amplifiers promote, which are often journalists and news organizations, with over 30% of them retweeted by amplifiers on both sides of the political spectrum. We thus find that shared attention exists across these partisan amplifiers – far more than their promotion of candidate messages suggests – and that media accounts serve a central bridging function.

Rusija ustaje - tradicionalizam Dragoša Kalajića i obnova imperije

Dragoš Kalajić, a painter, publicist, and writer, represents one of the most distinctive and controversial figures in the Serbian public during the last three decades of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. The Paper deals with Kalajić's essays on Russia during the collapse of the Soviet Union as well as the period of Yeltsin's Russia, with a special emphasis on his assessments of the state of Russian society, its capacities for renewal and growth into a state that will have the strength to once again play a major role in world politics in the 21st century. The first part of the Paper provides a brief overview of Kalajić's public activity, primarily referring to his basic biographical and bibliographical data. The second part of the Paper explains Kalajić's attitude towards Russia, the visits and activities he developed there during the 80s and 90s of the 20th century, as well as the influence he left on the Russian public and cultural circles. The third part of the Paper refers to the traditionalist ideological positions that Kalajić consistently advocated as a kind of worldview for most of his life. The Traditionalist school, led by thinkers such as René Guénon, Frithjof Schuon, Julius Evola, and others, represents a distinct religious-philosophical school of thought in the 20th and 21st centuries whose basic guiding ideal is the existence of a common universal truth found in all major world religions. Kalajić's first encounters with the writings of René Guénon began in his early youth in the artistic group "Mediala," where he was most likely introduced to Guénon's writings by Miro Glavurtić. Kalajić's education in Italy during the first half of the 1960s was crucial for the complete adoption of traditionalist positions, where he became thoroughly acquainted with all the leading traditionalist authors and their works, especially those of Julius Evola, the leading right-wing Italian traditionalist. The fourth part of the Paper shows how suitable this ideological and doctrinal worldview was for perceiving and understanding the potential of Russian society, the people, and its historical traditions to embark on the path of renewal and re-strengthening. The last part of the Paper provides concluding considerations on the extent of Kalajić's assessments and predictions about the "Rising of Russia," which largely took place in accordance with what Dragoš Kalajić had predicted.

Africa's Role in Global Politics: From Marginalization to Leadership

Africa's Role in Global Politics: From Marginalization to Leadership

Do women commemorate women? How gender and ideology affect decisions on naming female streets

Do women commemorate women? How gender and ideology affect decisions on naming female streets

Quest for Governance in the Philippiines: Opportunities and Challenges

This qualitative case study examines the governance journey of a female mayor, focusing on her efforts to promote women’s empowerment and gender equality within her leadership role. The study aims to describe her experiences, the opportunities and challenges she encountered, and the initiatives she implemented to support women in her community. Data collection involved in-depth interviews and participant observations, offering a comprehensive view of the mayor’s political career and leadership style. The study reveals that the mayor’s professional background, educational experiences, and personal qualities—such as her passion, commitment, and sense of excellence shaped her approach to governance. These attributes, coupled with her strong sense of public service, enabled her to introduce and execute programs that increased women’s participation in socio-political and economic spheres, thus elevating their status within the community. This case study serves as an inspiring example, challenging the prevailing notion that gender should limit women’s involvement in politics and public service. The findings underscore the importance of supportive frameworks that enable women’s leadership and empowerment. Hence, the paper recommends the expansion of government initiatives and programs focused on enhancing women’s political and leadership roles, as a means to further promote gender equality and contribute to national development.

Analysis of Law No. 7 of 2017 Chapter XVII on Public Participation in Samarinda City Elections

This study aims to determine the level of voter participation in Samarinda City and its implications for legal politics. Using a quantitative approach, data on voter participation was collected from official sources such as the Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) and the General Election Commission (KPU) of Samarinda City. The findings show relatively high levels of participation in the presidential and vice-presidential, DPR RI, and DPD elections, while there was a decline in participation in the provincial and municipal legislative elections. This highlights the role of legal politics in influencing voter participation, as well as the socio-economic and political factors that influence it. The implications of these findings underscore the importance of the responsiveness of legal politics to the needs of local communities and the need to strengthen the integrity and transparency of electoral processes. Overall, the research emphasizes the importance of voter participation in maintaining a healthy democracy and raises the question of how legal politics can more effectively respond to people's aspirations in the local context.

Self-Expression in Rococo Art: Analyzing the Social and Political Roles of Women through Fashion and Artistic Representation

Feminism and gender equality are the topics that are often discussed in modern societies. On social media, there are also clothes designed for women to protest the inequality impost on them. As these problems are frequently discussed, it leads to a feminine aesthetic fashion—Rococo. This paper’s research background is based on 1700-1785 in France, known as the Rococo period. Rococo style began in the 1730s, focusing on its intricate and delicate decorations. This paper first used the comparison to analyze the difference between Rococo and Baroque styles by listing the famous architecture–Palace of Versailles. The study also examines the women’s roles during the Rococo period, highlighting the roles of significant figures like Madame de Pompadour and Marie Antoinette. Through the detailed analysis of clothing, arts, and social roles of women, this paper includes how women used fashion as a tool to express themselves in 18th-century France. The results show that women who employ fashion and art as a method to navigate the restrictive gender roles of their time are particularly effective.

Unveiling Women’s Struggles in Nawal El Saadawi’s Woman at Point Zero from a Postcolonial Perspective

Nawal El Saadawi (1931-2021) was an Egyptian author, public health physician, psychiatrist, and prominent feminist activist. In several of her works, including Woman at Point Zero (1975), she endeavoured to uncover the hidden side of the truth concerning ‘double-colonized’ women in third-world countries. In the novel that is the subject matter of this article, Saadawi remarks on the patriarchy of religious fundamentalism and its adverse impacts on Arab Muslim women contextualised within Egypt’s socio-political environment. The work proves to be the voice of oppressed women who were compelled to live under the circumstances inherent in problematic and traumatic social traditions that deny women's autonomy, such as circumcision through the paradigm of knowledge/power marginalising discourses on political, economic, cultural, and religious matters as the legacy of the post-colonial era. It was through Firdaus, the rebellious heroine of the novel, who stood against her predestined life story fraught with violence that is shaped and imposed by the state administration as an extension of social and traditional practices circumscribed her willingness to effectuate the knowledge of herself, her essence, and her emancipation at the cost of her life. Saadawi illuminated her heroine as a unique and courageous figure in an Arab country. In this article, Firdaus’ struggle for women’s prescribed roles in politics, economics, culture, society, and nationalism in a post-colonial country within the scope of religious fundamentalism will be analysed using Orientalism as the matrix of these problematic norms for the alienation of women.

Musu' Selleng: Deconstruction of the Text and Context of Islamization in South Sulawesi, Indonesia

This article discusses the Musu’ Selleng in the process of Islamization in South Sulawesi in the 17th century. The data is presented using the historical method with a deconstruction approach to the text of historical events in the past. Islamization in South Sulawesi is often associated with political practices and community activities during the maritime trade network that strengthened the position of Islam as the religion of society in the past. This paper reveals that the Islamization process in South Sulawesi has unique dynamics based on text analysis and the context of events that influence the Islamization process has two important meanings in Indonesia, namely as a socio-religious role and a political role that strengthens the structure and order of a community. The expansion of Islam in South Sulawesi was influenced by the three major Islamic powers, namely Gowa-Tallo, Bone, and Wajo, which positively impacted the development of Islam in South Sulawesi. The main objective of this article is to try to deconstruct the historical events of Islam in South Sulawesi based on the texts and contexts that influenced their development. The integration of the Islamization process in South Sulawesi will strengthen the view of the current currents of Islamization that are developing in Indonesia.

From Integration of Islam-State to Integration of Ummah-State: The Biography of Buya Hamka

This article discusses Haji Abdul Malik Karim Amrullah (HAMKA) as a political figure. The discussion is centered on his political role during the Parliamentarian Democracy, Guided Democracy, and the New Order eras. Historical-biography approach is employed in this study as there were very few of literature on Hamka as an activist of political movement. Current studies on Hamka is heavily focused on his figure as an Ulama and a litterateur. Hamka’s role as a political activist, either in political practices or in the process of influencing public policy are often neglected. This study concluded that in general, Hamka’s political actions are aimed to make Islam and Islamic ummah as an important factor for Indonesia as a state. Hamka interpreted this objective into various actions based on the challenge of the era. During the parliamentarian era, Hamka’s political movement was aimed at integrating Islam into Indonesian Constitution. Whereas during the Guided-Democracy era, his political actions were intended to protect the ummah from anti-religious ideology (communism) that strongly dominated the state power at that time. Finally, in the New Order era, Hamka’s political movement were intended to integrate Islamic ummah into the process of the state life.

FEATURES OF THE SPANISH POLITICAL SYSTEM: THE GENDER ASPECT

The article is devoted to identifying the peculiarities of the political system of Spain in the XX - early XXI centuries with the definition of gender manifestations. The author analyses the transformation from the Second Republic in Spain, the times of Franco’s regime to modern realities. The systemic features of gender identities during the change of political regimes are identified. Gender parity in the country’s political institutions at different stages of political change is also identified.The political system of modern Spain is characterized by a high democracy index and progress in addressing gender issues. The transformation of the country’s political sphere has been significant. Spain has experienced authoritarianism, a republican model and a constitutional monarchy. The political system was dominated by the male gender model. The study found that the level of women’s involvement in the political sphere and governance system was quite low due to prevailing ideological concepts and stereotypes. The historical, political and social origins and components of gender issues in the evolution of the political system were studied.The granting of basic democratic rights to women and their involvement in political processes and public life during the Second Republic in Spain under the Franco regime was again abolished. Women were deprived of political and many other rights. It is determined that the ideology of Francoism, which was based on the Catholic model and conservative values, outlined social and political roles from the standpoint of the patriarchal family model of interaction between the sexes. Gender inequality was embedded in political institutions and social standards and enshrined in legislation. In the political sphere, Francoism was characterized by gender polarization - the absolutisation of differences between men and women.The manifestations of gender inequality and parity in the Spanish establishment during the transformation of the political system and up to the present day are systematized. Stereotypes and obstacles encountered on the way to women’s political activity are identified. The analysis proves that the parity of gender roles in political representation in Spain is growing, although certain barriers remain.

Efforts To Combine High-Politics And Low-Politics: How Muhammadiyah Special Region of Yogyakarta Wins Its Cadres as Members of the Regional Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia

The purpose of this article is to explain Muhammadiyah's personal branding strategy for the Special Region of Yogyakarta in winning its cadre, Ahmad Syauqi Soeratno, to become a member of the Regional Representative Council of the Republic of Indonesia in the 2024 election. Ahmad Syauqi Soeratno won 398,903 votes or 17.32% of the total percentage through this strategy. This political, institutional support is interesting to explain because it shows the practice of low politics, even though Muhammadiyah's political doctrine has been to play a role in high politics or national politics and not low politics, which is power-oriented. This article is the result of qualitative research, which uses interview techniques, observation, documentation, Focus Group Discussion, and Nvivo 12 Plus and Geographic Information System in its analysis. The discussion results show that the personal branding carried out by the Yogyakarta Special Region Muhammadiyah towards Ahmad Syauqi Soeratno can be understood as an effort to combine high politics and low politics in seizing power and policy space. The separation of high and low politics is not rigid in its implementation at the local level. This political flexibility does not mean opportunism because it remains within the framework of preaching reform or tajdid in the political field. To realize the interests of political da'wah, the electoral behavior of Muhammadiyah citizens is more effectively controlled institutionally so that the potential of the Muhammadiyah network can be optimized rather than given the freedom to choose.

KH Mohammad Cholil Bisri's Da’wah in the Field of Islamic Politics in Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the political da’wah activities of KH Mohammad Cholil Bisri in Indonesia and its impact on the development of Islamic politics. Using descriptive qualitative methods and political approaches. Data collection techniques through interviews and documentation. The study results indicate that KH Cholil Bisri plays an important role in Islamic politics in Indonesia, especially through preaching that integrates Islamic values with national life. Since the 1971 to 1992 elections, he has been active in voicing the importance of Islamic morality in politics while overseeing the birth of the National Awakening Party (PKB). His political da’wah paved the way for inclusive and moderate Islam in national politics. The impact of KH Cholil Bisri's political da’wah is the creation of a strengthening of moderate Islamic politics by Indonesian national values, making him an important figure in formulating fair and just state policies. The implications of this study suggest that KH Mohammad Cholil Bisri's political da’wah significantly contributed to the shaping of inclusive and moderate Islamic politics in Indonesia, offering valuable insights for future political leaders in integrating Islamic values with national governance to promote justice, unity, and social harmony.