Role In Environmental Conservation Research Articles

Green Farming: Practice of Agroforestry as Response to Climate Variability and Strategy for Farm Income Diversification in Kafa Zone, Southwest Ethiopia

Agroforestry farming is a crucial agricultural practice that has been the indigenous economic activity of tropical areas since early times. In addition to its financial advantages, this economic activity plays a significant role in environmental conservation. The study's objective was to evaluate the spread and content of agroforestry practices for raising farm income and climate adaptation in the Kafa Zone of southwest Ethiopia. To address the objective of this study, a survey design was used. Purposive sampling and simple random sampling techniques were employed to select sample. Approximately 375 sample households were surveyed. In addition, interviews, Focus Group Discussion, and observation were used during this study for the collection of data. As the study results showed, the hectares of land use under agroforestry were vary among the study kebeles. There was a significant difference among the study areas regarding land use size under agroforestry (F2 was 11.869, and sign was 0.03). In addition, the study revealed diversified agroforestry with crop species were found in home garden agroforestry. Similarly, the variability of the tree species per plot in agroforestry land use was significantly associated with the agroecology of the study area (p<0.05), which was greater varieties in the Dega agroecological area than in the Kola area. The main challenges to the practices of diversification of agroforestry in the study area were issues related with market accessibility, climate, wildlife, and agricultural policy. About 86.4% of the farmers surveyed indicated that there were limitations on support or government help for seedlings. To conclude, the agroforestry farm implementation in the study was related to indigenous knowledge-based practice, which was highly focus on coffee and gardens. To improve and implement sound agroforestry practices, the concerning body needs to strengthen a policy and plan that initiates diverse species in agroforestry practices.

Comparative Analysis in Indigenous Women's Ecological Practices Across Indonesia: A Systematic Literature Review

Indigenous women in Indonesia have long practiced ecological management and sustainable resource use, deeply embedded in their cultural beliefs, traditional wisdom, and strong connection to the land. However, their specific ecological practices have been the subject of limited research, especially compared to broader studies of the relationship between gender and ethnicity in sectors such as mining. These existing studies often highlight negative impacts on women in general but focus less on the specific practices of indigenous women, especially in relation to their contributions to biodiversity conservation and sustainable use of natural resources. Recognizing this gap, this research aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the ecological practices of indigenous women in various regions of Indonesia, focusing on their role in environmental conservation and sustainable development. The motivation for this research is to understand how these practices, shaped by cultural, traditional, and land-based relationships, contribute to ecological management and provide lessons for sustainable living. To achieve this, this study used a systematic literature review. The literature review will involve a comprehensive examination of existing academic literature, using databases such as JSTOR, Scopus, and local Indonesian research repositories. Literature selection criteria will include relevance to indigenous practices, focus on ecological management, and contribution to biodiversity conservation. Although specific findings have not been presented, the study expects to reveal a wide variety of indigenous ecological practices. This is expected to include traditional methods of land and resource management, contributions to the resilience of local ecosystems, and sustainable practices passed down from generation to generation. This study aims to highlight the important role of indigenous women in maintaining biodiversity and adapting to environmental change. A multidimensional approach that considers the institutionalization of gender and ethnicity in mining governance, as well as the role of gender and ethnic identity, will be adopted. The findings from this literature review and field study will make a significant contribution to our understanding of the rich ecological knowledge and practices of indigenous women in Indonesia. They will also highlight the importance of incorporating these practices into broader conservation and sustainability efforts, providing policy recommendations for a more inclusive and holistic environmental approach.

Making a Mobile-Based Social Media Information System for Environmentalists with Flutter and AWS

This research explores an effective role in environmental conservation through technological innovation. This study aims to design and develop a mobile-based social media application by utilizing Flutter technology and AWS architecture. The research focuses on managing user data securely and efficiently through AWS services. This research uses an applied method based on the Scrum framework, emphasizing technology integration for environmental preservation and AWS implementation for data security. The results showed successful application development in line with the company's environmental sustainability mission. The data management system ensures safe and efficient handling of user information. The study concludes with a summary of findings, emphasizing the positive impact of technology on environmental initiatives.

Agroforestry Systems of Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in the Ecuadorian Amazon

Agroforestry systems in the Ecuadorian Amazon play a vital role in environmental conservation and the promotion of sustainable agriculture. Therefore, it is crucial to demonstrate the benefits of the associated species within these production systems. This study aimed to assess the impact of agroforestry systems on cocoa yield, carbon sequestration, earthworm presence, and the nutritional contribution of companion species linked to cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) cultivation under agroforestry systems. The research was conducted at INIAP’s Central Experimental Station of the Amazon using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The agroforestry arrangements were: (1) monoculture; (2) forest (Cedrelinga cateniformis Ducke); (3) fruit forest (Bactris gasipaes Kunth); (4) service (Erythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O.F.Cook); and (5) forest + service (E. poeppigiana + C. cateniformis). The results indicated that agroforestry systems showed better results than the monoculture in terms of yield (532.0 kg ha−1 compared to 435.4 kg ha−1) and total stored carbon (33.0–42.0 t ha−1 compared to 39.6 t ha−1). Additionally, agroforestry systems provided higher levels of Mg, B, and Ca, contributing to both crop yield and the presence of earthworms. These findings suggest a positive influence of companion species, improving soil nutrition through biomass incorporation and promoting environmental benefits (carbon sequestration). Therefore, agroforestry systems will support sustainable cocoa production in the Ecuadorian Amazon.

New adsorbent materials based on PILs for Freon refrigerants.

The development of refrigerant adsorbent materials is not only essential for enhancing the efficiency of refrigeration systems but also plays a pivotal role in environmental conservation and addressing global warming challenges. However, traditional adsorbent materials are often limited in widespread applications in industrial scales due to various disadvantages, such as low adsorption efficiency, difficulties in desorption, and poor reusability. In this context, three distinct PILs, P[EVIM][PF6], P[BVIM][PF6] and P[HVIM][PF6], were synthesized and characterized. In addition, their structure as well as adsorption capacities towards three different Freon refrigerants (R12, R22 and R134a) were explored. The results indicated that the synthesized PILs had high thermal stability and exceptional adsorption capabilities, with P[EVIM][PF6] demonstrating the best adsorption performance. These PILs consistently maintain a stable saturated adsorption capacity throughout nine consecutive adsorption-desorption cycles, and the desorption rate of the adsorbent tubes consistently exceeded 96%. Thus, the superior recyclability of these PILs was verified. These PILs provide a promising route for efficient adsorption of Freon refrigerants, highlighting their potential significance in pertinent industries and environmental conservation efforts.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN AND NATURE IN IBN KHALDUN’S MUQADDIMAH

Ibn Khaldun, one of the most prominent Muslim social scientists of the Middle Ages, is famed for his historical ideas and unique insights into the emergence and collapse of civilisations. This study aims to explore the relationship between man and nature in light of Ibn Khaldun’s greatest work, The Muqaddimah. A vast number of scholars have examined human civilisation from various perspectives as expounded in the Muqaddimah but works dedicated to the relationship between man and nature are still few. As a result, this article investigates Ibn Khaldun’s view of the relationship between man and nature through a qualitative content analysis of the Muqaddimah. Since Ibn Khaldun was a great Muslim thinker who had a deep effect on the Muslim world, his concept of the relationship between man and nature is readily accepted by Muslims and may play a constructive role in environmental conservation in the Muslim world. After reading and analysing the Muqaddimah, this article concluded that Ibn Khaldun’s examination of the link between man and nature can be found in every chapter. He thinks that the environment has a significant impact on individuals and human civilisation, as well as he advocates that man should respect nature and utilize it rationally to sustain civilisation’s healthy development.

Silica Fume Enhances the Mechanical Strength of Alkali-Activated Slag/Fly Ash Pastes Subjected to Elevated Temperatures

The fireproof design of geopolymers through adjusting multi-component metallurgical solid wastes has attracted increasing attention, due to their potential low carbon emission, cost effectiveness, and role in environmental conservation. Herein, the effects of silica fume (SF) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of alkali-activated slag/FA (fly ash) pastes subjected to elevated temperatures (150, 500, 850, and 1200 °C) are investigated to clarify whether or not SF has a positive role in the mechanical strength of the slag/FA (slag/FA = 30:70, wt.%) geopolymer during building fires. The results show that the replacement of FA with 10 wt.% SF (silica fume) promotes the increasing pore volume with a diameter of 0.2~3 μm, leading to an increase in the compressive or flexural strength below 850 °C, “right shifts” of the endothermic peak, and uniform and compact fracture surfaces. Meanwhile, gehlenite and labradorite are generated after exposure above 850 °C. The bloating effect of the SF-containing sample occurs at 1200 °C, leading to a greater deformation due to the further restructuring of the amorphous geopolymer chain N–A–S–H or N–(Ca)–A–S–H composed of [SiO4]4− and [AlO4]5−. This paper explores an effective approach to improving geopolymers’ fireproof performance by adjusting the formulation of solid waste.

Core-shell structured FeOCl/Bi5O7Br nanocrystals for visible-light-driven photocatalyst in aqueous solution

Herein in this work, we constructed a one-dimensional iron oxychloride (FeOCl) needles embedded on the surface of Bi5O7Br squares to construct a core-shell structured FeOCl/Bi5O7Br heterojunction. The as-synthesized samples were systematically characterized by various analytical techniques which confirmed the successful formation of core-shell FeOCl/Bi5O7Br nanocrystals. The XRD results confirmed that the FeOCl and Bi5O7Br existed in the semi-crystalline nature due to the confined synthesis procedure. The UV-DRS results confirmed that the core-shell structure significantly improved visible light absorption, which leads to a drop-in band gap energy of the FeOCl/Bi5O7Br heterojunction photocatalyst. The improved charge separation efficiency was further confirmed by the ESR and photoluminescence studies. The FeOCl/Bi5O7Br heterojunction photocatalyst was further applied towards the degradation of tetracycline under visible light through batch experiments. Based on the radical trapping experiments, ESR studies, and photocurrent measurements, the h+, •OH, and •O2− played a major role in the tetracycline photodegradation process. Finally, it was established that novel, recyclable photocatalyst was made, which underwent up a brand-new pathway for the degradation of various emerging pollutants. Meanwhile, this work may play an essential role in environmental conservation and sustainable development.

Literature Review: Green Marketing Strategy and Green Hospital to Achieve Sustainable Competitive Advantage

Background : The concept of green hospital and green marketing is still rarely applied to hospitals in Indonesia. Even though this strategy is a very good potential. In addition to playing a role in environmental conservation, hospitals can achieve Sustainable Competitive Advantage. Objective : The aim of this article is focused on green marketing and green hospital strategies and their role in increasing sustainable competitive advantage. Methods : This article is a literature review of 7 journals from several sources such as Google Scholar, SINTA Journal, and pubmed in the last 10 years. Result : The core concept of green hospitals focuses on the production and use of energy, water resources, the use of solar energy for electricity and reducing electricity use, good aeration, climatic features, green open spaces and the long-term impact of building materials. The concept plays a role in improving public health while reducing the environmental impact around it. Green marketing is one of the strategies that the hospital marketing team uses today as the key strategy for SCA. Conclusion : In the end, this concept has 2 goals, improving environmental quality and customer satisfaction. Thus, the implementation of green marketing into a marketing strategy can be the key in achieving sustainable competitive advantage in hospitals.

Mafhūm al-‘Adālat ‘inda Ibn Miskawaih wa Dauruhā fi Ri’āyat al-Bī’at

This article will discuss the concept of justice in Ibn Miskawaih's Ethics and the concept of the environmental conservation. The authors uses a descriptive-analytical method and a Sufi-philosophical approach in Ibn Miskawaih's work entitled Tahdzīb al-Akhlāq wa Tathhīr al-'Arāq. The results obtained by the author from this study are that justice, according to Ibnu Miskawaih, is the alignment of the architecture of the soul, behaviour, and human condition so that nothing exceeds or reduces one another. Ibn Miskawaih's justice lies in Islamic shari'ah as a measure of balance in a case and a way to achieve prosperity. Thus, the concept of justice has a significant role in environmental conservation and protection. It includes maintaining the balance of nature, which can be done by reforestation, normal earth development, maintaining health and cleanliness, and being able to direct in responding to the development of science and technology to achieve the welfare and maintain harmony between human beings and their environment.

Knowledge Mapping on Nepal’s Protected Areas Using CiteSpace and VOSviewer

Protected areas (PAs) play a vital role in environmental conservation, particularly in Asian countries. Numerous studies were conducted on PAs in Nepal. We analyzed 864 papers from the Web of Science database using two visualization tools: VOSviewer and CiteSpace. This study identified the most influential journals, institutions, countries, and regions. In addition, we investigated the changing trend of research hotspots on PAs in Nepal. Keyword mapping was conducted for each type of PA and their differences were compared. We found that the research hotspots are changing with the shifting of conservation policies in Nepal. We suggest conducting more predictive studies on the future development of PAs. Currently, PA research is mainly conducted in traditional disciplines, but with the impact of climate change and the consequent increase in its negative impacts, academic contributions from other disciplines are expected to increase much more. We found that there was a shift in research power in countries and regions. We also detected an imbalanced distribution in which “protected areas” and “national parks” have been studied the most. Only 12 publications were about the hunting reserve, despite its importance to snow leopard conservation and economic significance to the buffer zone communities.

Divisional Administration for Conservation of Environment in Sri Lanka: Opportunities and Challenges

The Transfer of Powers (Divisional Secretaries’) Act No. 58 of 1992 enhanced the powers andfunctions of the divisional administration system, and also merged the central government and provincial governments at the divisional levels, creating a new power center for development planning, regulation, and resourcing. The divisional administration carries functions under several laws including Land Development Ordinance, State Land Ordinance, Land Acquisition Act, State Land Recovery Act, Land Development (Special Provision) Act, Forest Ordinance, Agrarian Development Act, and Irrigation Ordinance. Natural resources are the key to the rural economy in Sri Lanka and natural resource depletion is accelerated by anthropogenic causes such as population pressure, encroachment, and over-extraction of natural resources. Environmental pollution and degradation challenge sustainable development significantly. The objective of this paper is to examine the potentiality of divisional administration in environmental conservation, focusing on the legitimate powers vested. Qualitative methodology was used for the research, a desk review was done with the relevant legal sources; acts, regulations, and judgments, and challenges were examined through ten key informant interviews. The study identifies that the divisional has a three-fold role in environmental conservation; land management, development management, and law enforcement. The divisional administration holds the guardianship of the state land and associated natural resources, with powers of granting or leasing land for settlements or developments, and is also responsible for the land use planning. In the perspective of development management, the divisional administration is more significant as it has opportunities to coordinate the development through various committees, mitigate climate change impact and natural disasters, and provide development assistance and relief. The wider regulation powers vested with the divisional administration is ranging from issuance of permits to enforcing laws against unlawful acts. This function directly relates to controlling deforestation and encroachment and managing over and illegal extraction of natural resources. The significant element of the divisional administration for environmental conservation is the availability of a vertical mechanism connecting the community at a lower level to the respective departments at the higher levels and the horizontal mechanism connecting all public, private, and community organizations. However, the study reveals several challenges such as the nature of political and community priorities that limit divisional administration in environmental conservation. The study recommends that recognition and revaluation of the role of divisional administration in environmental conservation are timely essential.
 Keywords: Divisional administration, Environmental conservation, Land management, Development management, Law enforcement

Tourism Economic Value of Bukit Pangonan Urban Forest, Lampung, Indonesia

The quite high community activities in urban areas have caused the Bukit Pangonan Urban Forest to become an alternative tourism spot easily accessible by urban communities. There is, however, the need for natural tourism development in regional planning and conservation towards increasing the economic value of these urban forests. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the economic value of nature tourism in Bukit Pangonan Urban Forest and its role in environmental conservation. This involved the selection of 100 respondents as samples through incidental sampling techniques. Data was collected using interviews and analyzed quantitatively with the travel cost method and descriptively. The results showed the economic value of the Bukit Pangonan Urban Forest is Rp 4,557,944,880 per year, with visitors having a surplus of Rp 119,433 per visitor per visit and spending Rp 96,630/person/visit with the highest on transportation. The role of urban forests in environmental conservation is quite significant in preventing environmental damage, and it is possible to enhance this through the addition and diversification of tree species, protection of biodiversity, selection of appropriate tree species, development of environmentally friendly tourism facilities, providing conservation education to visitors, and policy support from the government. Moreover, it is also possible for the government to use Bukit Pangonan Urban Forest as a model to develop urban forest tourism in other areas.

Global building environmental performance assessment systems and their role in environmental conservation: Developing an environmental performance assessment system for the Saudi environment

This paper discusses the principles of environmental performance for buildings and their direct effects on the depletion of environmental resources. The research is significant in proposing ways of reducing resource depletion and improving utilization by developing systems to assess buildings’ environmental performance and their feasibility for environmental, sustainable, and conservation development. The paper introduces an assessment system that can measure the environmental performance of buildings aiming to make them more efficient and address their impact. It starts with the theoretical approach, focusing on two areas. The first discusses the concept of the environment, defining its terms, identifying the environmental components and problems encountered and discussing the extent of the effect on the quality of human life. The second discusses buildings’ environmental performance, specifically their responsiveness and adaptation to the environment, studying the elements that influence the quality of buildings and their suitability given environmental and climatic conditions. The empirical analysis then examines and compares global environmental performance assessment systems—Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED), the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM), and the Pearl Rating System (PRS)—and usage methodology. The paper concludes by proposing a new environmental assessment system adapted to the study area to assess buildings, thus making a contribution to knowledge.

TGH Sibawaihi Mutawalli : Kajian Lingkungan dalam Dakwah Modern Islam di Lombok

There has been destruction on this earth both on land and in the ocean as a result of the act of human hands (Al- Qur'an, Ar-Rum; 41). Floods, landslides, forest and land fire which are the result of illegal logging, land burning, forest encroachment are clear evidence of fragments of the above verses of the Qur'an. Though man sent by God Almighty Allah as a leader of the earth who should take care and sustain the environment, and Muslims in particular are assigned as a mercy of the universe (rahmatan lil alamin). Seeing this situation, it needs a Muslim who can be a transformer, driver, accelerator, trigger, and protector to guide human in maintaining and utilizing the environment wisely. On the island of Lombok, socio-culturally in which the figure of Tuan Guru as is the informal leader that considered will be capable of carrying this heavy task. Tuan Guru Haji (TGH) Sibawaihi is a figure who considered has the ability of being the Muslim Scholar (Ulama) who plays an important role in environmental conservation, especially in Lombok Island. This is because he has a complete Tuan Guru type which considered as the requirements of being Environment based da’wah, he has the type of Tuan Guru intellectual, Tuan Guru Pesantren, Tuan Guru Guru Panggung and Tuan Guru Tarekat. Besides, he is also well known as a Tuan Guru who full of motivation and strong on act, innovation and smart on concept, inspire and transform the social-culture life. Lastly his philosophy on concept and act is based on Qur’an, Hadits and the full of fear of almighty Allah SWT.

The Neuroscience Community Has a Role in Environmental Conservation.

We previously argued that the neuroscience community has a role in environmental conservation because protection of biodiversity and the specialized behavioral adaptions of animals is essential to understanding brain structure and function. Preserving biodiversity and the natural world is also linked to human mental health and broadens our insight on the origins of psychiatric disorders like stress, anxiety, and depression. The study of neuroscience has become a global scientific pursuit that involves thousands of researchers and has an economic impact in the billions of dollars. As a group of biomedical research scientists, neuroscientists have the knowledge base and public credibility to convincingly promote sustainable environmental actions and policies. Here, we outline several key areas in which we as a neuroscience academic community can participate to preserve a rich global biodiversity and confront the environmental crises that lie before us.

Generation of realistic synthetic catchments to explore fine continental surface processes

AbstractUnderstanding, analysing, and predicting the erosion mechanisms and sedimentary flows produced by catchments plays a key role in environmental conservation and restoration management and policies. Numerical case‐testing studies are generally undertaken to analyse the sensitivity of flood and soil erosion processes to the physical characteristics of catchments. Most analyses are conducted on simple virtual catchments with physical characteristics that, unlike real catchments, are perfectly controlled. Virtual catchments generally correspond to V‐shaped valley catchments. However, although these catchments are suitable for methodical analysis of the results, they do not provide a realistic representation of the spatial structures of the landscape and field conditions. They can, therefore, lead to potential modelling errors and can make it difficult to extend or generalize their results. Our proposed method bridges the gap between real and traditional virtual catchments by creating realistic virtual catchments with perfectly controllable physical characteristics. Our approach represents a real alternative to traditional test case procedures and provides a new framework for geomorphological and hydrological communities. It combines a field procedural generation approach, geographic information system processing procedures, and the CAESAR‐Lisflood landscape evolution model. We illustrate how each of these components acts in the process of generating virtual catchments. Five physical parameters were adjusted and tested for each virtual catchment: drainage density, hypsometric integral, mean slope of the main channel, granulometry, and land use. One of our virtual catchments is compared with a real catchment and a virtual catchment produced by a standard method. This comparison indicates that our approach can produce more realistic virtual catchments than those produced by more traditional methods, while a high degree of controllability is maintained. This new method of generating virtual catchments therefore offers significant research potential to identify the impacts of the physical characteristics of catchments on hydro‐sedimentary dynamics and responses.

Awareness of the Role of “Religious People” in Environmental Conservation from the Perspective of Islamic Studies Students

Protecting and conserving the environment is the responsibility of every individual including religious people in the Islamic context. Religious people play an important role in environmental conservation because they have the ability to cultivate public awareness on environmental conservation by linking the field of environmental conservation with religious knowledge. However, studies that focus on the role of religious people in helping the efforts of environmental conservation are still lacking. Therefore, this study explored the awareness of the role of religious people in environmental conservation from the perspective of students enrolled in the Islamic studies program. This study is a qualitative study where data were obtained from the reflective assignments of second year Islamic studies students who were following the Global Ecology and Sustainable Development course. Data were analyzed thematically using the ATLAS.ti version 7 software. Based on the findings, there are eight main roles played by religious people from the students’ perspectives. The eight themes, sequentially arranged from the highest to the lowest, are providing environmental awareness to the public, adopting a sustainable lifestyle, becoming a role model, conducting environmental campaigns, working together with NGOs or the authorities, enhancing Islamic values in relation to the environment in oneself, becoming an environmental volunteer and contributing financially to environmental conservation. The role of religious people that was proposed by the students is in line with the Islamic values related to environmental conservation, namely ta’awun, mahabbah,ihsan and qana’ah. These values need to be lived and translated into behavior by religious persons so that they are followed and made a role model by the public in contributing toward environmental sustainability efforts.

PROTECTED AREAS IN BRAZIL: EVOLUTION, LAND USE AND COVER, AND IMPACT ON EMISSIONS INVENTORY

Faced with population growth and intensification of the use of natural resources, Protected Areas (PA) and Indigenous Lands (IL) play a fundamental role in environmental conservation. The carbon increment of preserved vegetation within these areas is accounted for as CO2 removal in the Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) sector of the National Emissions Inventory. A topological evaluation of overlaps was made of the databases of PAs (full protection and sustainable use) and ILs, showing that they represent 6% of the protected areas. Of the total of PAs and ILs areas, 43% were established by 1994, 26% by 2002, 26% by 2010, and 4% between 2011 and 2016. This evaluation showed that 30% of the territory is within PAs and ILs. In terms of area, 84% is distributed in the Amazon, 9% in the Cerrado, 4% in the Atlantic Forest, 3% in the Caatinga, 0,2% in the Pantanal, and 0,3% in the Pampa. In assessing the use and cover of 2010 of the PAs and ILs created up to this year, it was possible to notice that 68% of the areas within the PAs have preserved vegetation, whereas in ILs, this percentage increases to 89%. Under the Third Emissions Inventory, the removal of vegetation protected in PAs and ILs decreased by 16% of the national net emissions of the LULUCF sector between 2002 and 2010, showing the importance of preserving forests and grasslands.

Floristic composition and biological spectrum of a sacred grove in West Midnapore district, West Bengal, India

Traditional cultural and religious beliefs and practices in the form of sacred groves play a crucial role in environmental conservation and biodiversity. The present study was conducted to explore plant resources, their biological spectrum, leaf size spectrum, sacred grove conservation status, locally known as Kankabati Sitabala Than (KST) in the district of West Midnapore, West Bengal in India. The study's floristic list revealed that the KST vegetation was diverse and composed of 277 species of 238 genera distributed over 77 families under 36 orders according to APG IV classification, of which 87 species were aliens. Poales (23.40%) and Poaceae (15.38%) were the dominant order and family in terms of species wealth. Biological spectrum shows the study area was classified as “thero-crypto-chamaephytic” type of phytoclimate. Leptophyll (26.60%) and ovate (18.91%) were found to be high in the leaf size spectrum and lamina. The vulnerable climber and tree species are Cayratia pedata and Pterocarpus indicus. The vegetation phenology, observed during different seasons revealed that most of the species were dominant in rainy seasons (99.68%), followed by winter (69.87%) and summer (29.81%). The study area being a sacred grove remains fairly undisturbed. For the long-term conservation of germplasm of the grove some recommendations have been suggested.