Role Of Divorce Research Articles

A Study on Causes of Divorce in Rickshaw Pullers of Sylhet City Having Depression

Introduction: Causes of divorce may range from factors as diverse as the personal psychological characteristics of one or both spouses to the stresses of economic hardship and community disintegration. From a larger perspective, the role of divorce in modern societies and its relatively high incidence both flow from the same complex factors that have made good marriages so much more central to people's happiness than through most of the past and deterioration of a marital relationship so much more distressing. Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional design, in Sylhet city, from 2019 to 2020 and it was mainly quantitative. However, qualitative data were collected from policymakers, i.e. the responsible person in Sylhet city, and discussion and documents. Quantitative data were collected from rickshaw pullers who were divorced by their wives from different areas in Sylhet city. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection from rickshaw pullers. Result: The mean age was found 36.25±SD years. The majority 39(48.8%) rickshaw pullers had primary education. All rickshaw pullers were in low-income group status. Out of the total study population, 47(58.8%) had ≤10 hours of working time, and 33(41.3%) had >10 hours of working time. As multiple responses were accepted, there were rickshaw pullers who reported many types of misconduct from passengers and police. Almost all rickshaw pullers reported that the passengers belittled them. This was closely followed by “scolded” 86.3%, “paid unjust fare” 68.8%, and 48.8% of rickshaw pullers had “quarrel over fare” with passengers. It was evident that 36.3% and 40.0% of rickshaw pullers were “physically assaulted” and compel sitting, holding their ear by the passengers and police respectively. The majority 60(75.0%) of wives divorced their husbands due to domestic violence, 56(70.0%) due to too much conflict and arguing, 52(65.0%) due to substance abuse, 50(62.5%) due to lack of commitment, 48(60.0%) due to ...........

The Impact of Non-Clinical Factors in Clinical Trial Enrollments of Patients with Hematologic Malignancies

IntroductionThe improvement of care and advancement of treatment options is heavily reliant on the success and diversity of clinical trials (CTs), yet data suggests that only 3-9% of patients with a cancer diagnosis participate in CTs. We sought to evaluate reasons for declining participation in CTs among patients with hematologic malignancies within our medical center. Our primary objective was to assess the prevalence of non-clinical factors in patients contributing to the lack of participation compared to those who agreed to participate. The secondary objective was to identify the reasons noted by patients for declining trials.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of adult patients with hematologic malignancies who were offered a clinical trial from 2016-2020. Eligible patients were identified through review of Cancer Center Clinical Trials Office screening logs. We collected data relative to: disease, sex, age, race and ethnicity, English as a first language, marital status, caregiver support, level of education, type of insurance, trial phase, and trial indication. The data was compared between patients who refused participation versus those who agreed to participate. Descriptive statistics, chi-square analysis, and multivariate logistic regression were used to interpret the data with IBM SPSS Statistics.ResultsOf patients diagnosed with hematologic malignancies and offered a CT from 2016 to 2020 at our center, 136 signed consent and 125 declined participation. The sample was predominantly older with a mean patient age of 60.9 in those who signed ICF and 61.9 in those who declined participation (Table 1). Males and non-Hispanic white patients encompassed over half of the sample in each group. Multiple myeloma was the most common diagnosis among either group. Trials offered were predominantly phase 2 or 3 and for varying disease states. We found that patients who were divorced (P = 0.024), did not have caregiver support (P = 0.005), and did not speak English as their first language (P = 0.004) were more likely to decline CT participation (Table 2). The most common reasons that patients cited for declining participation were: preference for another treatment option, distance for travel, and concerns for transportation (Table 3).ConclusionIn this retrospective analysis evaluating reasons behind CT refusal in patients with hematologic malignancies at our center, we found that being divorced, not having defined caregiver support, and not speaking English as the first language made patients more likely to decline a CT. Our sample displayed greater diversity in comparison to the national averages for cancer CT participation despite the predominance of male and non-Hispanic white patients within our sample. This may be representative of the population our center serves. The significance of marital status and caregiver support suggests that support systems are integral in the decision-making process for CTs. Furthermore, the role of divorce in declining trials may be indicative of familial motivation or spousal influence. The significance of English as a first language is notable as our center utilizes an oral translation for informed consent with a short form signature. This suggests that a full translation of CT documents may be beneficial to enrollment. Logistical concerns were frequently cited as a reason for declining, which should be considered by sponsors in the design of CTs as alleviating this burden on patients may help overall recruitment. Limitations of this study include its retrospective nature, manual data extraction, and consistency of research team documentation. The results suggest that introducing support groups and interventions to provide transportation services for trial patients may be beneficial to enrollment and retention. [Display omitted] DisclosuresShammo: Abbvie: Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Research Funding; Astra zeneca: Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Incyte: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Apellis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; CTI pharma: Research Funding; Stemline therapeutics: Research Funding; Kartos Pharma: Research Funding; Alexion: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Baxter: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; Takeda: Consultancy, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company, Current holder of individual stocks in a privately-held company, Honoraria, Research Funding; NS Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Paner: Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; GSK: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Karyopharm: Consultancy; Oncopeptides: Consultancy; Rush University Medical Center: Consultancy, Current Employment; Sanofi: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy. Ustun: novartis: Honoraria; Blueprint: Honoraria.

Divorce, Remarriage and Child Cognitive Outcomes: Evidence from Canadian Longitudinal Data of Children

ABSTRACT This study investigates the role of divorce and remarriage on cognitive outcomes of children. Using the rich panel data information from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), collected biennially since 1994, we investigate the association between children’s math and reading performance and divorce and remarriage relative to intact families. We find that children who stay-in or move-to non-intact families have lower reading scores than those who stay in intact families. Although initial findings indicate that family structure has an overall small effect on children’s math performance, we find a differential impact of family structure on Math performance across gender and cultural heritage.

Perceptions of divorcees towards factors leading to divorce in UAE

ABSTRACT According to official reports, the divorce rate in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is very high. Such a high rate is attributed to many factors. This study investigates factors and causes leading to separation and divorce in Al Ain, UAE. The article uses a descriptive approach to analyze data collected from 114 participants, including 70 women and 44 men. Findings of the study indicated that family intervention is the main and most obvious factors causing divorces in the UAE, followed by the negligence of spouses. Surprisingly, age, educational level, and employment do not play a key role in divorce. Although the findings of the study cannot be generalized, this article highlights important implications for local authorities, educational institutions, and social activists in reducing the number of divorces in the UAE.

Ageing, Divorce and Housing Demands—An Empirical Study from China

This paper examines the role of divorce in the nexus between aging and housing demands. Based on China’s provincial panel data from 2005 to 2017, we construct a dynamic panel model from the perspective of family to investigate the impact of aging population on housing demands, and the moderating effect of divorce. The study shows that in the sample period, when the moderating effect of divorce is not taken into account, the aging population has a significant inhibitory effect on housing demands, and divorce rates do not increase housing demands in general, but there are instead, differences in the significance levels of the impact of the number of residential transactions and the area in which they occur. After considering the moderating effect, an aging population has an obvious promoting effect on housing demand, but since the divorce rate has a weakening role, the promoting effect will gradually decline. Based on the data from this research, this paper puts forward some suggestions to housing market.

О «Семейном вопросе в России» В.В. Розанова и нынешнем положении дел

The present article analyzes V.V. Rozanov’s philosophic views on family and marriage in comparison with the present status of these institutions in Russia. The authors stress the fact that many of his ideas are unquestionably relevant now and that Rozanov’s position has much in common with the postulates of the family sociology paradigm. The article addressed the main vectors, related to the transformation of the institution of family, namely the increase of the number of divorces, decrease of marriage and childbirth levels. A few opinions of V.V. Rozanov are, however, criticized, such as his views on the place and role of divorce in the life of the society, the idealization of the spousal relationships. The authors conclude that, alongside with honoring the personal freedom of each of the individuals who enter into marriage, the future spouses need a certain minimal level of moral life in order to be able to shoulder and bear the burden of this liberty.

Signs of Divorce Before Marriage: The Role of Premarital Events in Iran

ABSTRACTPremarital relationships form the basis for couples’ future relationships. There are certain factors in couples’ premarital relationships that could play a role in divorce. This study was conducted to investigate the role of premarital events (courtship, engagement, and Nikah [marriage]) in marital conflicts leading to divorce. In this qualitative study, which was carried out in Iran using the phenomenological method, 23 divorced applicants were purposefully selected, and their experiences and perceptions were examined. Data were collected using semistructured interviews. Analysis of interviews showed that little opportunity to get to know each other, neglecting the guidance of family members, disregarding signs of defect in the spouse, starting and continuing the relationship with lies and secrecy, infidelity, financial problems, and eventually ignoring the spouse’s appearance and its underestimation during the courtship period are special factors that predispose couples to divorce; however, couples, due to the special context of their relationships, ignore these factors. The findings of the study include implications for couple therapists, counselors, and couples’ families, and they can be useful in premarital education and postmarital interventions.

Child labor and family structure: the role of divorce

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of family structure on child labor by comparing children of nuclear families headed by the father with children of single-mother families headed by the divorced mother.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses data from Brazilian urban areas provided by the Brazilian Demographic Census of 2010. The empirical approach consists of the estimation of three treatment effect models: the Average Treatment Effect, IV Treatment Effect and Two-Stage Estimator proposed by Lewbel (2012).FindingsThe main findings show that children of single-mother families headed by divorced mothers are more likely to work, compared to children living with both parents. This paper found evidence of a direct effect of family structure parents’ determinant on child participation in labor. The main hypothesis is that the absence of the father paired with exposure to family stress arising from marital dissolution is an indicator toward child labor.Practical implicationsThis study implies that in order to combat child labor effectively, it is important to understand deeply its several causes and consider ruptures in family structure, such as divorce, as one of these factors. In addition, location and family’s characteristics also play a role on the decision of child labor. For instance, boys living at metropolis areas have less chance to work. Family’s head education and non-work income affects positively the child well-being by reducing the probability of child labor. On the other hand, the number of siblings increases the chance of child labor. Finally, the results of this study suggest policies to raise awareness among parents about the negative effects of child labor on children during both childhood and adulthood, and that social policies need to act beyond legislation and enforcement, but including family mobilization.Originality/valueThis paper estimates the impact of family structure on child labor using an empirical approach to deal with the endogeneity problem of the treatment.

Family Complexity and Adult Children’s Obligations: The Role of Divorce and Co-Residential History in Norms to Support Parents and Step-Parents

Generally, adult children are perceived to have obligations to support their parents, but now that divorce and remarriage are common phenomena, the question arises to which parent-figures this norm applies. We derive hypotheses on normative obligations towards step-parents and biological parents and the role of co-residential history and divorce. From the perspective of remarriage as an ‘incomplete institution’, we argue that obligations towards step-parents are more ambiguous and therefore more conditional. We collected unique vignette data (N = 4,783) as part of a nationally representative Dutch panel study and predicted norms on adult children’s obligations to provide socio-emotional and practical support using fixed-effects models. We found weaker norms to support step-parents. These are even weaker if there is no co-residential history and/or the step-parent divorced the child’s biological parent, while only co-residence affects norms to support biological parents, and less so than for step-parents. The most ‘disadvantaged’ type of biological parent (divorced, non-residential) is still more advantaged than the most ‘advantaged’ step-parent (married, residential), emphasizing the importance of biology. Analysis of residual variance shows less consensus on obligations towards step-parents than biological parents. It seems that given the absence of clear norms of behaviour, normative obligations towards step-parents are more conditional.

Work Disability among Women: The Role of Divorce in a Retrospective Cohort Study.

We assess how divorce through midlife affects the subsequent probability of work-limiting health among U.S. women. Using retrospective marital and work disability histories from the Survey of Income and Program Participation matched to Social Security earnings records, we identify women whose first marriage dissolved between 1975 and 1984 (n = 1,214) and women who remain continuously married (n = 3,394). Probit and propensity score matching models examine the cumulative probability of a work disability over a 20-year follow-up period. We find that divorce is associated with a significantly higher cumulative probability of a work disability, controlling for a range of factors. This association is strongest among divorced women who do not remarry. No consistent relationships are observed among divorced women who remarry and remained married. We find that economic hardship, work history, and selection into divorce influence, but do not substantially alter, the lasting impact of divorce on work-limiting health.

The role of Divorce in Civil law in Iran and jurisprudential view in other country

Divorce is one the biggest problems of all nations and governments and family members. It is not only the problem of Islamic countries but also it refers to all countries in western and American society. The origin of this problems is two couples, men and women believe that they could not understand each other. When they could not understand each other who canwe expect to continue their life. It also gives bad influence to the society and children. It is also so bad for children mind. Although the miserable events of divorce women and their children to follow, most Islamic or others system, rules and the regulations on the financial support of women after divorce has been developed. The problem of divorce for women is very serious and social problems will follow. The growth rates of crime, divorce and children's future, away from home, lack of proper education of children with emotional and mental problems, including the risk that legislation and regulations necessary for women during divorce is justified. In Islamic world view, families are unite of responsible for men's happiness or misery and also are the most important pillar of the society.

Genetic and environmental contributions to relationships and divorce attitudes

Attitudes toward divorce are believed to play a critical role in marital quality and the probability of divorce later in life. They are traditionally understood to result from social, demographic and environmental factors, including personal experience in relationships, family values, religion and economic incentives. An alternative line of research suggests that genetically influenced psychological dispositions have an important role in divorce and other relationship attitudes as well. The integration of these two lines of research however, remains embryonic. Here we address this lacuna by exploring how social and genetic factors correlate with each other, and are modified by one another. Specifically, we find that environmental factors and life events, such as going through a divorce, moderate reported genetic influences on attitudes toward divorce. The reduction in the heritability of divorce attitudes by life events is complex however. We find that the genetic influence to select into or experience a divorce is correlated with the genetic influence toward divorce attitudes. In addition, we also identify notable sex differences in the effect of divorce itself on subsequent attitudes toward divorce. Specifically, the importance of personal experience increases among women, while the importance of familial factors increases for men.

Divorce in Odorhei County, during the 19th Century

The scope of our study covers the 19th century and a currently non-existent administrative unit within the borders of Romania, where Odorhei Seat, and after 1876, Odorhei County was found. In 1869, Odorhei County’s population was 105467. The predominantly (98.57%) Hungarian population followed three different religions: Roman Catholic, Calvinist and Unitarian. In the investigated region, until the introduction of civil marriages (1895), the church possessed the right of declaring the break-up of families. As a source of our assessment we use ecclesiastical archival sources, principally divorce files (almost full collections in the Reformed and Unitarian church archives, conserved sporadically in the case of Roman Catholics). Our goal is to examine these sources from different perspectives, both quantitatively and qualitatively, collecting demographic, ethnographic and anthropological data. We are focusing on problems like: the number of divorces, internal and external factors influencing divorce, causes of divorce and their evolution, the evolution of sexual crimes, the meaning and the role of divorce in the traditional society etc. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2013.v4n11p192

Adolescent Daughters’ Romantic Competence: The Role of Divorce, Quality of Parenting, and Maternal Romantic History

This study examined the links between parental divorce, quality of maternal parenting, spousal relationships and middle adolescent romantic competence in 80 mother-adolescent daughter pairs (40 divorced). Mothers were asked to describe their attitudes and behaviors with regard to their daughters' romantic behavior. In addition, mothers were interviewed about their own romantic experiences when they were at the age of their daughters. Adolescent girls (mean age=16.98years; range 16-18) were administered a comprehensive interview about romantic competence. Findings indicated that adolescent girls from divorced families showed lower levels of romantic competence, which were expressed in their behavior, attitudes toward relationships and skill in handling those relationships. Divorce was found to have had an adverse effect on girls' romantic competence, whereas continued adaptive parenting and spousal relationships alleviated the effect of divorce. Mothers' coherent representation of their own adolescent romantic experiences also alleviated the effect of divorce on daughters' romantic behavior. Results show the important role of family relationships in fostering romantic competence among adolescent girls.

Review of: Parental Alienation Syndrome, DSM-5, and ICD-11

Review of: Parental Alienation Syndrome, DSM-5, and ICD-11

The Origins of Modern Divorce

High rates of marital dissolution and easy access to divorce are not unprecedented, historically or cross-culturally. But contemporary divorce in North America and Western Europe has different origins and features than divorce in previous cultures. The origins of modern divorce patterns date back more than 200 years, to the invention of the historically unprecedented idea that marriage should be based on love and mutual affection. Ironically, then, the fragility of modern marriage stems from the same values that have elevated the marital relationship above all other personal and familial commitments: the concentration of emotion, passion, personal identity, and self-validation in the couple relationship and the attenuation of emotional attachments and obligations beyond the conjugal unit. The immediate causes of divorce may range from factors as diverse as the personal psychological characteristics of one or both spouses to the stresses of economic hardship and community disintegration. But in a larger perspective, the role of divorce in modern societies and its relatively high occurrence both flow from the same complex of factors that have made good marriages so much more central to people's happiness than through most of the past, and deterioration of a marital relationship so much more traumatic.

Ligious Leaders' Perspectives on Marriage, Divorce, and Intimate Partner Violence

Religious leaders from Jewish, Christian, and Islamic faiths were interviewed about their understanding of the intersection of intimate partner violence (IPV) and religion, and a grounded-theory analysis was conducted. The present manuscript explored the leaders' beliefs about the partners' responsibility for IPV and the role of divorce. Although religious leaders tended to place greater responsibility for abuse on the perpetrator, most also thought women bore some responsibility—either for inciting abuse or for not leaving the situation. Although there was diversity in beliefs, most of the leaders expressed concerns related to balancing the sacredness of marriage with the urgency of divorce in cases of IPV. Many suggested that divorce be considered as a “last resort” and would urge reconciliation if possible.

Talking Divorce: The Role of Divorce in Women's Constructions of Relationship Status

This article draws on interviews discussing relationships with 25 heterosexual women aged 20–87 from a variety of relationship status groups. Divorce was portrayed as a negative consequence of flawed individual skills and investments, reinforcing the marriage ideal and obscuring any advantages of this transition for the increasing numbers facing single-again life. Those interviewees who had been divorced did not endorse these attributions and negotiated their social lives around feedback from others employing these interpretations. The ways in which discourses of divorce reinforce dominant marital models of heterosexual relationships are examined alongside the implications of this for the growing population of single-again women.

The Contribution of Polygamy to Women's Oppression and Impoverishment: An Argument for its Prohibition

There is a growing movement gaining momentum to contest the legality and legitimacy in a health and human rights context of widely accepted social, customary, traditional and religious practices - a problem complicated by the apparent division among native women on the very important question of the place of custom and religion today. Polygamy is important to study in even in countries which disallow it. It presents complex issues of multiculturalism and the issue appears frequently in contexts of immigration. Although civil law has banned polygamy in many nations, customary law still allows it. In many countries with multiple legal systems, the customary law on polygamy allows a man to take multiple wives and it prohibits a current wife from objecting to her husband's marriage to a new woman. This practice treats women as inferior members of their families and as inferior in status to men. Polygamy also has a detrimental effect on children because when a man has more than one wife, he often has a large number of children in a short period of time. Conflicts often erupt among the families because several rivalrous wives and children are competing for resources. Although polygamy itself is not a prohibited practice under international human rights law, allowing it to exist legally permits it to violate fundamental rights including rights to dignity, equality, health, and equal protection under the law. It also perpetuates women's already lower social and economic status by forcing women to share already scarce resources with co- wives and their children. In its complex role in divorce and inheritance law, for instance, polygamy negatively impacts a women's health, including mental health, sexual and reproductive health and her death from AIDS.

Marital Disruption and Health: Investigating the Role of Divorce in Differential Outcomes

In this paper, we consider the role of marital disruption on health. Much research that has focused on this topic has looked at the mental health effects of divorce with less attention paid to indicators of physical health. Research on mental health indicates that the events of divorce create psychological distress (social causation) but that pre-existing conditions (selectivity) also play a role. We explore this argument for indicators of physical health. Using data from the longitudinal survey Americans' Changing Lives, we find some direct relationship between physical health indicators and divorce. However, depression also plays an explanatory role. Further analysis indicates the role of selection in physical health and divorce. There is a significant relationship between initial physical health decrements and becoming divorced over a three-year period. Poor health, both physical and mental, contributes to becoming divorced. Implications of these results are discussed.