Role Hierarchy Research Articles

Role Hierarchy as a Status Construction Machine: A Replication

Status construction theory offers a framework for investigating inequality-justifying consequences of microlevel encounters. While organizational role hierarchies (e.g., manager-employee or customer-server) dominate our daily encounters with categorically different others, there is no systematic empirical evaluation of the status construction effect of role hierarchies. I replicated the classic status construction experiment both in the lab and online to answer these questions. Results show that (1) the categorical membership consistently associated with a high-status role was stereotypically perceived as more respectable and leader-like but not more competent compared with the group linked to a low-status role and (2) only behavioral experience of the role hierarchy was sufficient to produce consensual status beliefs. Future implications and limitations are discussed.

Social user role value analysis and trusted user autonomous diffusion for participatory crowdsensing

Social participatory-sensing, as an emerging research field, is extremely challenging to recruit trustworthy and active high-value users in a sparse user context. And the richness and closeness of users' social relationships provide new research ideas. Therefore, a participatory sensing user recruitment method based on dynamic social network role detection (DSRD) is proposed, in which firstly, multiple identity information of users is mined based on the decomposition of their overlapping social relationships to filter out high-quality sensing users. Secondly, based on role-oriented network representation learning, it models users' role information and establishes a role hierarchy model to evaluate users' social functions and role values. Finally, the concept of temporal social centrality is proposed for the first time for integrating users' social and network structural features to assess the overall value of users and ensure the coverage of task assignments under a sparse user pool. Experimental results on the open datasets Gowalla and Brightkite show that under the constraints of cost budget and number of users, the proposed user recruitment framework DSRD effectively improves task coverage with less time overhead compared to the baseline algorithm.

Hats and titles: Maya courtier dress and hierarchy in the late Classic Maya court

Abstract The Maya used dress to help them structure social interaction. Taking a behavioral chain and practice approach, I define dress elements of male courtiers and how they were combined into outfits during the daily practices of dressing and attending court. I identify two groups of headgear, Standard and Special, among courtiers on vases showing historical interaction among humans. Each vase is considered commemorative and must communicate to an audience. I identified six Standard hat types that were widespread in the Maya Lowlands. The distribution implies a basic set of recognizable roles that provided the political-religious structure of the typical Maya court, perhaps as early as the Late Preclassic period. Four of the hat types are connected to glyphic titles. Each titleholder's position in the vase's visual space implies a hierarchy of roles. The results support my hypothesis that dress does identify social roles in the Maya court.

On Emotional States and their Syntactic Representation

The study focuses on the analyses of syntactic structure of some predicates and state predicatives denoting positive emotion: veselya (to make someone happy, in a good moon), veselya se (to frolic, to party), vessel sam (to be happy), veselo (mi) e (to be in a good mood), veselba e (it is fun). Our aim is to provide a syntactic model representing argument structure of predicates and predicatives from this thematic group. The syntactic realization of arguments, semantic role hierarchy, and specifics concerning the referentiality of the nominal phrases in argument position are examined. The analyses show differences both in the semantic structure of predicates and predicatives and in the syntactic realization of their arguments. In contrast to other emotional predicates, veselya and veselya se have only nominal phrases as complements. While the analyzed verbs represent causative and dynamic predicates, respectively, the predicatives vessel, vesselo denote emotional states. Nominal phrases, as well as complement clauses can be used in complement positions. In this respect, the syntactic realization of predicatives is similar to the one of other emotional state predicatives, such as radosten sam (to be happy), radostno (mi) e (it is rejoicing).

Engaging Interdisciplinary Innovation Teams in Federally Qualified Health Centers.

To foster bottom-up innovations, health care organizations are leveraging interdisciplinary frontline innovation teams. These teams include workers across hierarchical levels and professional backgrounds, pooling diverse knowledge sources to develop innovations that improve patient and worker experiences and care quality, equity, and costs. Yet, these frontline innovation teams experience barriers, such as time constraints, being new to innovation, and team-based role hierarchies. We investigated the practices that such teams in federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) used to overcome these barriers. Our 20-month study of two FQHC innovation teams provides one of the first accounts of how practices that sustained worker engagement in innovation and supported their ideas to implementation evolve over time. We also show the varied quantity of engagement practices used at different stages of the innovation process. At a time when FQHCs face pressure to innovate amid staff shortages, our study provides recommendations to support their work.

СТЕЙКХОЛДЕРСКАЯ БИЗНЕС-МОДЕЛЬ ОКАЗАНИЯ МЕДИЦИНСКИХ УСЛУГ: ИЕРАРХИЯ, РЕСУРСНЫЙ ОБМЕН И БАЛАНС «ИЗДЕРЖКИ — ВЫГОДЫ»

Evaluation of the eff ectiveness of medical services is one of the complex and unresolved tasks in economic science and practice. The key problem remains the misalignment of the participants goals in the interaction of medical organizations: the benefi ts for some actors are often costs and reduced productivity for others. The article is aimed at identifying problems and principles for developing a stakeholder business model of medical services. The methodologically study is the stakeholder approach, which includes the stakeholder agency theory, the theory of resource dependence, the new stakeholder theory, and others. Based on the literature review, the main problems of studying the infl uence of stakeholders on the effi ciency of medical organizations are identifi ed: the lack of a comprehensive theoretical framework that incorporates all the achievements of the stakeholder approach; lack of a unifi ed list and description of the role hierarchy of participants in the business model of medical services; weak consideration of the dual role of the state and the interests of insurance companies; fragmentation of the assessment. Based on the study of the specific characteristics of the healthcare quasi-market, stakeholders are typifi ed depending on the sources of monetization and participation in the value creation of the medical business model. We calcsilicate stakeholders and to construct their hierarchy and outline the principles of interaction. The resource transaction between the participants and the balance of “costs — benefi t” for each of them ultimately determine the eff ectiveness of the medical services business model.

Visual tools for supporting interviews in qualitative research: new approaches

PurposeThis study aims to describe and evaluate various visual and creative tools for supporting the in-depth biographical interview aimed at analyzing educational communities and their stakeholders.Design/methodology/approachResearching educational spaces today requires new ways of understanding, analyzing and studying. The complex characteristics, functions and realities demand research that responds to educational singularities. It is a matter of deeply understanding the educational phenomenon's peculiarities. For these purposes, instruments and research paradigms are needed to extract data and reach information saturation regarding the data obtained from the proposed objects of study. With this in mind, the following paper suggests reflecting on data collection tools that can complement the interview and biographical-narrative research approach. The authors highlight the use of photo-elucidation, the biogram-based timeline, the organigram and the flight of the geese, all of which are instruments endowed with a visual character that allows a deeper understanding of the object studied.FindingsThe main contribution of this paper is to unpack the uses and applications of four visual tools that support the interview technique. First, photo-elucidation is presented as a sensory strategy to stimulate the narrative during the dialogical exchange of the interview. Next, the timeline is described as a visual concretization of the traditional biogram widely used in educational research. Next, the authors unravel the uses of the organizational chart in educational research, which, due to its nature and utility, provides a glimpse of the organizational functioning of an institution and is particularly suitable for research in institutional frameworks. Finally, the tool known as the flight of the geese is presented. This tool is recommended for use in educational leadership and teamwork studies due to its simplicity and high representativeness of the hierarchy of roles and functions.Originality/valueResearching educational spaces today requires new ways of understanding, analyzing and studying. The complex characteristics, functions, and realities demand research that responds to educational singularities. It is a matter of deeply understanding the educational phenomenon's peculiarities. For these purposes, instruments and research paradigms are needed to extract data and reach information saturation regarding the data obtained from the proposed objects of study. With this in mind, the following paper invites us to reflect on data collection tools that can complement the interview and biographical-narrative research approach. The authors highlight the use of photo-elucidation, the biogram-based timeline, the organigram, and the flight of the geese, all of which are instruments endowed with a visual character that allows a deeper understanding of the object studied.

Opportunity, hierarchy, and awareness: an ethnographic exploration across rehabilitation units of interprofessional practice in nutrition and mealtime care

ABSTRACT Interprofessional practice is increasingly cited as necessary in the delivery of high-quality nutrition and rehabilitation services. However, there is limited evidence available exploring the factors which influence interprofessional practice in subacute rehabilitation nutrition services. Our ethnographic study explored collaborative activities, influential factors and staff attitudes related to interprofessional practice in nutrition care. Fifty-eight hours of ethnographic field work were undertaken from September 2021—April 2022, across three subacute rehabilitation units, with a total of 165 patients, support persons and staff participating. Overall, 125 unique participants were observed and 77 were interviewed. We generated three themes through reflexive thematic analysis. First, the potential opportunities for interprofessional practice at mealtimes, as influenced by communication, role clarity and reciprocity. Second, hierarchy of nutrition roles and tasks impedes interprofessional practice, where the perceived lower importance of nutrition care to other clinical roles and physical therapies influences staff practice. Third, the mystery of nutrition care roles and systems in rehabilitation, which exposes gaps in the awareness of different team members regarding nutrition care roles and systems, hindering interprofessional practice. Our findings highlight the opportunity for embedded, innovative models of care and staff education to enhance interprofessional practice in nutrition and mealtimes.

Ученый и его профессиональная идентичность

The research considers the characteristics of the professional identity of a modern Russian scientist. We provide a definition for the professional identity notion and define the problems the scientists face in the course of their activity. In particular, these problems are associated with a vague hierarchy of occupational roles and a poor command of foreign languages that may create obstacles for the professional development and the formation of strong professional identity. Finally, we draw the conclusions on the factors affecting the formation of a strong professional identity in scientists.

A Model for Mapping Graduates’ Skills to Industry Roles: Machine Learning Architecture

This paper presents a machine learning architecture of a hierarchical model for mapping skills to industry roles. Currently, researchers have been approaching the problem of selecting industry roles for potential employees using flat and top-down methods. Practically, top-down approach is not reliable because it negates the natural mobility of employees in the occupational industry role hierarchy while flat approach does not take advantage of not only the easier learning property of hierarchical approach but also the local information of parent child relationship for better results. The machine learning architecture has been an attempt to address this gap using experimental research design. The mapping model consists of a collection of objects that are hierarchically arranged to progressively group industry role constructs before applying bottom-up approach to select the best. The mapping begins by first selecting the most promising sub-objects at the lower levels before passing this information to the higher levels of the hierarchy to select the most promising functional (main competence), proficiency and specialty (specific competence) objects and eventually the respective constructs. The end product is an effective machine learning architecture of a model for mapping graduates’ skills to industry roles with relevant attributes to easily work with in the academia and that correctly reflects the hierarchy of industry roles. Findings reveal while SVM (67%) optimizes the model’s accuracy better than naïve Bayes (57%), on the same benchmark dataset the model recorded better performance (85%) than reported performance (82%) in the benchmark model. The findings will benefit industry by getting evaluation tool for revealing information on graduate’s suitability for employment which they can use for decision making when filtering candidates for interview. Besides, this will provide researchers better understanding of the gap between the academia and industry and can use this information to plan on how to bridge the gap using the mapping model. Lastly, this will attempt to reduce both low job satisfaction and long-term unemployment that is one of the causes of social and economic pain both in Kenya and around the world. However, this paper recommends testing this approach with other alternative machine learning techniques as well as other alternative industry domains.

Post-Quantum Cryptographic Access Control Based on Hierarchical RBAC Model

The paper considers the isogeny-based cryptographically enforced data access control scheme CSIDH-HRBAC for untrusted cloud. CSIDH-HRBAC is based on a role-based access control model with support for a role hierarchy system. The proposed scheme implies the presence of a trusted party that manages cryptographic keys associated with users, roles, files. The basic procedures for gaining access to data, revoking access rights, adding new entities and updating parameters are given. Typical scenarios of attacks on the proposed scheme are considered, including role substitution, collusion by participants to compute the parent role key, attempt to access data after role revocation from user. To evaluate the performance of cryptographic operations, the simulation of the basic procedures was performed. The advantages and limitations of the CSIDH-HRBAC scheme are discussed. In particular, the need for protection against threats from the administrator, the prospect of using lattice-based post-quantum cryptographic primitives is noted.

The Price of Selfishness: Conjunctive Query Entailment for ALCSelf Is 2EXPTIME-Hard

In logic-based knowledge representation, query answering has essentially replaced mere satisfiability checking as the inferencing problem of primary interest. For knowledge bases in the basic description logic ALC, the computational complexity of conjunctive query (CQ) answering is well known to be EXPTIME-complete and hence not harder than satisfiability. This does not change when the logic is extended by certain features (such as counting or role hierarchies), whereas adding others (inverses, nominals or transitivity together with role-hierarchies) turns CQ answering exponentially harder. We contribute to this line of results by showing the surprising fact that even extending ALC by just the Self operator – which proved innocuous in many other contexts – increases the complexity of CQ entailment to 2EXPTIME. As common for this type of problem, our proof establishes a reduction from alternating Turing machines running in exponential space, but several novel ideas and encoding tricks are required to make the approach work in that specific, restricted setting.

Women and Nature in Abhijnanashakuntalam: an Eco-feminist Study

This article aims to oversee the relation between women and nature in Kalidasa’s play Abhijnanashakuntalam. The researcher has tried to dig upon the concept of eco-feminism seen in the play by depicting the close relationship between women and nature. Kalidasa’s Abhijnanashakuntalam underscores the patriarchal structure based on dualisms like men/woman, masculine/ feminine, culture/ nature, and spiritual/material, which destabilizes the system based on the hierarchy of the traditional gender roles. Qualitative analysis has been done by assessing eco-feminist theory as a method of study. It is found that the heroine of the play Shakuntala has been presented as a nature’s child as shown her relation with plants, peacocks and deer. It is also the projection on, how the identity, status and destiny of women remain intertwined with those of nature globally as far as their impoverishment, exploitation, marginalization, abrogation, depletion, commoditization and subjugation are concerned. Kalidasa has tried to depict interdependence of two elements; nature and human emotions which has been discussed in this paper.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Securing medical data by role-based user policy with partially homomorphic encryption in AWS cloud

Cloud technology provides services for storing and accessing a large amount of data with ease of access and less cost. Sensitive data such as patients' electronic health information should be encrypted before outsourcing into the cloud. Many traditional encryption methods are used for protecting data in the cloud, but unable to perform computation on encrypted data. Homomorphic encryption operates directly on the ciphertext. In this study, a Secure Partially Homomorphic Encryption (SPHE) algorithm is proposed to secure the outsourced data and perform multiplication and division operations on the ciphertext. The access control policy in the cloud environment is more flexible. An attacker can easily collect sensitive data by abusing the access policy of another user. Therefore, the database privacy is compromised. Creating a role hierarchy and managing the session is difficult in the cloud environment. The above issues motivate us to develop a model which is the integration of the proposed scheme SPHE with role-based user policy. The model is implemented in Eclipse IDE (Integrated Development Environment) and AWS (Amazon Web Service) Toolkit for Eclipse and deployed in Amazon Elastic Beanstalk (EB) environment. This model is particularly used for securing the patient e-health details and performing computation on outsourced data. The patient details are encrypted by the algorithm SPHE and uploaded in AWS S3 (Simple Storage Service) bucket. The users are created by AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) service and the access level policy is defined based on user roles in EB environment. The proposed model performance is studied by comparing with other partially homomorphic methods Elgamal, Pailler, and Benaloh. This model achieves data integrity and data confidentiality using the role-based user policy with SPHE.

Application of Rasch Measurement Model in Establishing Roles Hierarchy for Malaysian Building Surveying Graduates

Despite the rising demand for the building surveying services in the current market, the function of this profession is generally still misunderstood. Hence, this paper attempts to identify the hierarchy and potential roles that can be offered by building surveying graduates in order to provide the acceptable roles in the Malaysian construction industry. A quantitative research approach has been adopted to achieve this study’s objective with close-ended questionnaires have been developed and administered to 136 professional building surveyors who are registered with the Building Surveying Division, Royal Institution of Surveyor Malaysia. The retrieved data were analysed using the IBM SPSS Statistic for the respondents’ demographic data and the Rasch measurement model that applied the Winsteps version 3.70 software in order to analyse the data on reliability, item fit, and item measure for roles hierarchy. The result of the study shows that the roles hierarchy consisted of 29 essential tasks a graduate should deal with in order to thrive in the labour market after graduation. Correspondingly, building maintenance and conservation, building control administration, building inspection, risk management and building audit, building works and quality, and building insurance are the essential roles there are based on the hierarchy level that has been extracted by the six components. This study contributes to the body of knowledge in the Malaysia context, in particular for the general international building surveying community as it reveals a roles hierarchy that graduates are required to perform, and where it will provide awareness on the existence of the building surveying vocation among other the non-allied construction professionals in Malaysia.

International Hierarchy and Functional Differentiation of States: Results of an Expert Survey

This article investigates the existing international hierarchy employing expert survey as its primary method. 'Authority hierarchy' and 'power status hierarchy,' the two existing research traditions of hierarchy studies, are briefly introduced. We demonstrate a gap between basic research on power status, emphasizing its social nature, and applied case studies, primarily relying on purely material indicators of a country's capabilities, such as the GDP and CINC. In times of rapid hierarchical shifts, there is a need for a more nuanced and holistic approach. The article suggests placing hierarchy studies onto the ontological foundation of Niklas Luhmann's Differentiation Theory to overcome these problems. We trace the international society's segmentary differentiation, stratificatory differentiation (status hierarchy), and functional differentiation (specialization). The paper argues that the functional roles of states and their positions in the international hierarchy are interconnected. The hierarchy of states' roles, resulting from functional differentiation, is understood in terms of authority hierarchy. In order to lay the ground for further research, three valuable insights of states in the international hierarchy. Firstly, we categorize 26 countries as belonging to one of the power status categories (small power, middle power, great power, superpower) as of autumn 2021 based on the survey results. We calculate indices operationalizing power, roles, public goods provision, and revisionism for the states in the survey. Secondly, the paper presents experts' evaluations of the importance of various valued attributes (such as the size of the economy, military might, international prestige, autonomy, etc.) for different power status categories. Thirdly, we suggest a novel approach linking a country's position in the international hierarchy to its functional roles. We use correlation analysis to test the hypothesis and compare the roles index to other popular power status indicators.

China-Iran Relations Through the Prism of Sanctions

The article aims to understand how China has dealt with the puzzle of Iran's sanctions. Beijing's approach and reaction to the question of sanctioning Tehran and abiding by the sanctions imposed by the United States and the UNSC are a response to a complex matrix formed by three distinct but co-existing dimensions: the bilateral relationship with Iran, that with Washington, and its own positioning within the international community. Each dimension is associated with the performance of a specific international role. What emerges from the analysis of three case studies – the introduction of the 1996 Iran and Libya Sanction Act, the UNSC resolutions imposing sanctions on Iran (2006-10), and the response to Washington's Maximum Pressure campaign – is that, for China, Iran's sanctions are an inherent source of conflicts between its roles. Ultimately, Beijing's responses to the emerging conflicts between its roles have been cautious and aimed at tempering their possible escalations, even though the case studies show that a quite visible hierarchy of roles exists. China's role vis-à-vis Iran occupies a lower position than those performed vis-à-vis the United States and the international community.

Hybrid Cloud Security by Revocable KUNodes-Storage with Identity-Based Encryption

Cloud storage is a service involving cloud service providers providing storage space to customers. Cloud storage services have numerous advantages, including convenience, high computation, and capacity, thereby attracting users to outsource data in the cloud. However, users outsource data directly via cloud stage services that are unsafe when outsourcing data is sensitive for users. Therefore, cipher text-policy attribute-based encryption is a promising cryptographic solution in a cloud environment, and can be drawn up for access control by data owners (DO) to define access policy. Unfortunately, an outsourced architecture applied with attribute-based encryption introduces numerous challenges, including revocation. This issue is a threat to the data security of DO. Furthermore, highly secure and flexible cipher text-based attribute access control with role hierarchy user grouping in cloud storage is implemented by extending the KUNodes (revocation) storage identity-based encryption. Result is evaluated using Cloudsim, and our algorithm outperforms in terms of computational cost by consuming 32 MB for 150-MB files.

Adaptation of the Parentification Questionnaire for the Brazilian Context

Abstract Parentification involves a role reversal phenomenon between family subsystems, including role distortions and hierarchy inversion. The purpose of this study was to adapt and search for validity evidence of the Parentification Questionnaire for the Brazilian context. After translation procedures, the authors applied the instrument in 868 adults of four geographic regions of Brazil, of which 55.4 percent were women. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed the solution of three parentification factors (i.e., emotional parenting, instrumental parenting and perceived unfairness) as adequate, with satisfactory internal consistency rates, following the construct theory. As expected, the authors also found relations with other variables; for example, people who presented parentification indicators in their speeches displayed higher levels in the three factors of the construct; while women displayed higher levels of parentification than men. The Brazilian version of the instrument showed satisfactory validity evidence and appropriate reliability indicators.

Hybrid Role and Attribute Based Access Control Applied in Information Systems

Abstract It this paper it is proposed a new access control model – Hybrid Role and Attribute Based Access Control (HRABAC). It is an extension of Role-Based Access Control (RBAC). HRABAC is designed for information systems and enterprise software and combines the advantages of RBAC and Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC). HRABAC is easy configurable, fine-grained and supports role hierarchies. The proposed model HRABAC describes the access control scheme in Laravel package laravelroles/rolespermissions, which is developed by the author of the paper, as an answer to the requirements of practice of fine-grained and easy configurable access control solution. Laravel is chosen, because it is the most popular and the most widely used PHP framework. The package laravelroles/rolespermissions is developed on Laravel so that maximum number of programmers could use it. This package contains working and tested functionalities for managing users, roles and permissions, and it is applied in accounting information system.