Risk Situations Research Articles

Circulation of Trypanosoma cruzi in triatomines and Didelphis sp. in urban areas: Transmission risk assessment in the Metropolitan Region

The presence of Trypanosoma cruzi vectors in urban areas has been frequent, with colonization of homes and associated with reservoir animals that increase risk to humans, with simultaneous circulation of vectors and T. cruzi. The study aimed to describe the circulation of triatomines and T. cruzi in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, as well as evaluate risk situations. For analysis purposes, the triatomine notification information from January 2016 to July 2023 was used. While for Didelphis sp. collection with the aid of traps, notification information used was from 2019 to 2023. Information about triatomines came from spontaneous demand by the population and notification services were carried out by state field teams following defined protocols. 202 notifications were received with the capture of 448 triatomines. The positivity for T. cruzi observed was 60.5%. Regarding Didelphis sp., 416 animals were collected, 5.3% of which were positive for T. cruzi. There was overlapping areas of presence of infected triatomines and Didelphis sp., whose Discrete Typing Unit (DTU) was T. cruzi I. This work indicates the presence of infected vectors in urban areas, and the presence of a wild cycle of T. cruzi in didelphiids, reaffirming the need for and importance of vector surveillance work, through actions that can prevent the transmission of Chagas disease.

Testing personality-pace-of-life associations via artificial selection: insights from selected lines of rainbow trout on the context-dependence of correlations.

More than a decade of study since the personality pace-of-life syndrome (POLS) hypotheses were first proposed, there is little support for it within species. Lack of experimental control, insufficient sampling in the face of highly labile behavioural and metabolic traits, and context dependency of trait correlations are suggested as reasons. Here, I argue that artificial selection and/or use of existing selected lines represents a powerful but under-used approach to furthering our understanding of the POLS. To illustrate this potential, I conducted a focussed review of studies that compared the behaviour, metabolism, growth and survival of an artificially selected fast-growing rainbow trout relative to wild unselected strains, under varying food and risk conditions in the laboratory and field. Resting metabolic rate, food intake, and behaviours that enhance feeding but increase energy expenditure (activity, aggression, boldness), were all higher in the fast strain in paired contrasts, under all food and risk conditions, both in the laboratory and the field. Fast-strain fish grew faster in almost every food and risk situation except where food was highly limited (or absent), had higher survival under low or zero predation risk, but had lower survival under high risk. Several other traits rarely considered in POLS studies were also higher in the fast strain, including maximum swimming speed, and hormones (growth hormone (GH), thyroid hormone (T3) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1)). I conclude: (i) assumptions and predictions of the POLS hypothesis are well supported, and (ii) context-dependency was largely absent, but when present revealed trade-offs between food acquisition and predation risk. This focused review highlights the potential of artificial selection in testing POLS ideas, and will hopefully motivate further studies using other animals.

Current Concepts in Management of Distal Femur Fractures

Recent studies report the overall incidence of distal femur fractures as 8.7/100,000/year. This incidence is expected to rise with high energy motor vehicle collisions and elderly osteoporotic fractures in native and prosthetic knees keep increasing. These fractures are more common in males in the younger age spectrum while females predominate for elderly osteoporotic fractures. Surgical treatment is recommended for these fractures to maintain articular congruity, enable early joint motion and assisted ambulation. Over the last two decades, development of minimally invasive and quadriceps sparing surgical approaches, availability of angle stable implants have helped achieve predictable healing and early return to function in these patients. Currently, laterally positioned locked plate is the implant of choice across all fracture patterns. Retrograde with capital implantation of intramedullary nails with provision for multiplanar distal locking is preferred for extra-articular and partial articular fractures. Even with these advancements, nonunion after distal femur fracture fixation can be as high as 19%. Further recent research has helped us understand the biomechanical limitations and healing problems with lateral locked plate fixation and intramedullary nails. This has lead to development of more robust constructs such as nail-plate and double plate constructs aiming for improved construct strength and to minimise failures. Early results with these combination constructs have shown promise in high risk situations such as fractures with extensive metaphyseal fragmentation, osteoporosis and periprosthetic fractures. These constructs however, run the risk of being over stiff and can inhibit healing if not kept balanced. The ideal stiffness that is needed for fracture healing is not clearly known and current research in this domain has lead to the development of smart implants which are expected to evolve and may help improve clinical results in future.

Impact of pharmacists’ training on the knowledge of pain and associated risks: results of the OPTYMED 2 study

The use of OTC analgesics is common worldwide, and the importance of the pharmacy teams is growing. Pharmacist-led medication implies that the pharmacy staff should have the necessary knowledge to deliver appropriate drugs, prevent an inappropriate drug consumption, and identify the patients in need of a medical advice. A randomized controlled study to assess the impact of training on pain knowledge and associated situations at risk among the French pharmacists and dispensers was performed. Participants were randomized into two groups receiving (n = 97) or not (n = 93) a training in the e-learning format. The training consisted of the 4 modules including the general knowledge of pain, headaches, acute musculoskeletal and chronic pain. The training modules were accompanied by the summary leaflets. The success rates were significantly higher in the trained group, with 35 % of participants reaching at least 70 % (primary endpoint) versus 2.3 % in the non-trained group. The results were not influenced by the size of the pharmacy. The knowledge improvement was more pronounced for the modules on the general knowledge of pain and headache management. For the questions associated to the risk situations, the success rates of at least 70 % were also significantly higher in the trained group The highest difference in success rates after the training was observed for the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Very low rates were obtained in both groups for the secondary headaches and the analgesic treatment adjustment in particular cases, such as chronic alcoholism or low weight. Results of this pilot study show that a training focused on pain could improve the overall knowledge of pain and suggest that it may contribute to a better pain identification, management and referral to physicians of patients at risk by the pharmacy staff in routine practice. The benefits of such a training should be assessed in a long-term prospective study, and the impact of a similar training in real-life practice remains to be evaluated.

Is It Still Time for Safety Walkaround? Pilot Project Proposing a New Model and a Review of the Methodology.

Background and Objectives: Healthcare facilities are complex systems due to the interaction between different factors (human, environmental, management, and technological). As complexity increases, it is known that the possibility of error increases; therefore, it becomes essential to be able to analyze the processes that occur within these contexts to prevent their occurrence, which is the task of risk management. For this purpose, in this feasibility study, we chose to evaluate the application of a new safety walkaround (SWA) model. Materials and Methods: A multidisciplinary working group made up of experts was established and then the subsequent phases of the activity were divided into three stages, namely the initial meeting, the operational phase, and the final meeting, to investigate knowledge regarding patient safety before and subsequently through visits to the department: the correct compilation of the medical record, adherence to evidence-based medicine (EBM) practices, the overall health and the degree of burnout of the various healthcare professionals, as well as the perception of empathy of staff by patients. Results: This working group chose to start this pilot project in the vascular surgery ward, demonstrating the ability of the tool used to capture the different aspects it set out to collect. In detail, the new version of SWA proposed in this work has made it possible to identify risk situations and system vulnerabilities that have allowed the introduction of corrective tools; detect adherence to existing company procedures, reschedule training on these specific topics after reviewing, and possibly update the same procedures; record the patient experience about the doctor-patient relationship and communication to hypothesize thematic courses on the subject; evaluate workers' perception of their health conditions about work, and above all reassure operators that their well-being is in the interest of the management of the healthcare company, which is maintained. Conclusions: Therefore, the outcome of the present study demonstrates the versatility and ever-present usefulness of the SWA tool.

Analysis of femur injury of vehicle frontal collision based on knee mapping test

In order to study the risk of dummy knee injuries in frontal collisions of automobiles, by analyzing a large number of knee mapping test data, the collision waveform intensity and the dummy knee risk situation were classified and counted. The influence laws of different characteristic risk points, collision speeds, and belt forces on femur loads were investigated. The results show that the distribution of OLC values at 50km/h is the largest in the range of 29-32g. The crash waveforms of both models are enhanced after speeding up, but the form of enhancement is different.The position where the driver is most likely to become a risk point is the steering column adjustment switch and the steering column cover bolts and brackets. The passenger seat is the transition area of the harder interior trim, and the highest risk point for femur loads exceeding the limit is the steering column adjustment switch. The highest median femur loads under different risk points is the hard corner of the central control screen. The femur loads increases with the increase of collision speed and decreases with the increase of seat belt tension.

A Screening Instrument for Trauma-Related Behavior Among Young Primary School Students: Development and Validation of the RaPTOSS

This article reports on the development and psychometric evaluation of a new teacher observation instrument to systematically assess young primary school students’ well-being and detect potential indicators of psychological trauma, the RaPTOSS: Risk and Protective factors Trauma Observation School Situations. The RaPTOSS is developed specifically for preschool and early primary school teachers, because of the limited abilities their young students have to verbally reflect and report on their well-being and stressful experiences. We examined the factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity and criterion validity of the RaPTOSS in a sample of 406 4- to 8-year-old regular education students. Exploratory factor analyses yielded a four-factor structure for the risk items with the following factors: Withdrawn, Dysphoria, Destructive and Inattentive. The protective factor items revealed a four-factor structure closely aligning the theoretical factor structure: Safety and Relations, Self-Image, Everyday Life and Self-Regulation. All factors exhibited good to excellent internal consistency. Correlations between the RaPTOSS and existing measures of psychosocial well-being without a specific focus on trauma-related behavior demonstrated good convergent validity. Criterion validity was supported, as indicated by moderate to large positive correlations between teacher worries about a student and RaPTOSS risk factors, and moderate to large negative correlations between teacher worries and RAPTOSS protective factors. We conclude that the RaPTOSS is a promising measure for trauma-informed teaching and research, although future research is needed to establish its psychometric qualities in specific samples such as children diagnosed with PTSD and refugee children.

A Study of Insurance Company Underwriting Risk Based on EWM and TOPSIS Methods

This study proposes a risk assessment model called CPSF, which aims to assess insurance risk in areas where extreme weather is frequent. The model adopts a multidimensional and comprehensive assessment system, considering climate change, demographic and socio-economic, and financial conditions as the main factors, and constructs corresponding assessment indicators. The study establishes a scientific and reliable risk assessment system through the steps of data source, data pre-processing, indicator establishment, weight determination, and comprehensive assessment. By applying the model to two regions, namely, Southeast China and Southeast United States, where extreme weather often occurs, the insurance risk situation of these regions is analyzed and the future trend is predicted, which provides an important reference for insurance companies and policy making.

Support after return to alcohol use: a mixed-methods study on how abstinence motivation and app use change after return to alcohol use in an app-based aftercare intervention for individuals with alcohol use disorder

BackgroundAs the return to alcohol use in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD) is common during treatment and recovery, it is important that abstinence motivation is maintained after such critical incidences. Our study aims to explore how individuals with AUD participating in an app-based intervention with telephone coaching after inpatient treatment perceived their abstinence motivation after the return to alcohol use, whether their app use behavior was affected and to identify helpful factors to maintain abstinence motivation.MethodsUsing a mixed-methods approach, ten participants from the intervention group of the randomized controlled trial SmartAssistEntz who returned to alcohol use and recorded this in the app Appstinence, a smartphone application with telephone coaching designed for individuals with AUD, were interviewed about their experiences. The interviews were recorded, transcribed and coded using qualitative content analysis. App use behavior was additionally examined by using log data.ResultsOf the ten interviewees, seven reported their abstinence motivation increased after the return to alcohol use. Reasons included the reminder of negative consequences of drinking, the desire to regain control of their situation as well as the perceived support provided by the app. App data showed that app use remained stable after the return to alcohol use with an average of 58.70 days of active app use (SD = 25.96, Mdn = 58.50, range = 24–96, IQR = 44.25) after the return to alcohol use which was also indicated by the participants’ reported use behavior.ConclusionsThe findings of the study tentatively suggest that the app can provide support to individuals after the return to alcohol use to maintain and increase motivation after the incidence. Future research should (1) focus on specifically enhancing identification of high risk situations and reach during such critical incidences, (2) actively integrate the experience of the return to alcohol use into app-based interventions to better support individuals in achieving their personal AUD behavior change goals, and (3) investigate what type of support individuals might need who drop out of the study and intervention and discontinue app use altogether.Trial registrationThe primary evaluation study is registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS, registration number DRKS00017700) and received approval of the ethical committee of the Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (193_19 B).

Rotational Load Fatigue Performance of a One-Size Implant- Abutment Connection System.

One-size implant-abutment (OSIA) connection systems have been developed for simplicity of clinical use and for a range of implant diameters. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate the rotational load fatigue performance of different implant diameters and abutment platforms of an OSIA connection system. Narrow, regular and wide diameter implants were tested with Regular Base (RB/WB) abutments of an OSIA system (Straumann. BLX). Wide diameter implants were also tested with Wide Base (WB) abutments. This resulted in 4 test groups (n&#61;5): N-RB/WB (Narrow, 3.5mm, RB/WB abutment), R-RB/WB (Regular, 4.0mm, RB/WB abutment), W-RB/WB (Wide, 5.0mm, RB/WB abutment) and W-WB (Wide, 5.0mm, WB abutment). A rotational load fatigue machine applied a sinusoidally varying stress at an angle of 45o, producing an effective bending moment of 35Ncm at a frequency of 10 Hz in air at 20 oC. The number of cycles to failure was recorded. Results were evaluated using ANOVA. Failed specimens were examined with SEM to evaluate the failure mode. Pristine specimens were sectioned to examine the implant-abutment connection. All specimens in the 3 test groups with RB/WB abutments failed within the range of 558,750 cycles to 4,497,619 cycles, while the W-WB test group reached the upper limit of 5 million cycles without failure. Significant difference was found between abutment platforms (P < .001). There were no significant differences found for implant diameters (P &#61;.857). However, with increasing implant diameter, implant fracture was less common and the location of failure was more coronal and consistently at the level of the implant platform for the abutment, and at the screw neck. For wide diameter implants, WB abutments exhibited a superior fatigue performance than RB/WB abutments, and would be preferred in situations of high mechanical risk. Increasing implant diameter, when used with RB/WB abutments, did not improve fatigue performance due to the one-size prosthetic connection, but failures were less catastrophic, and coronally located, which may be advantageous in managing failures.

Evaluation and Management of Risk Situations

Evaluation and Management of Risk Situations

Increased risk of acute kidney injury in the first part of an ultra-trail-Implications for abandonment.

Acute kidneys injuries (AKIs) have been described in marathon and trail running. The currently available data allows assessment of before/after comparisons but does not allow an analysis of what happens during the race. A multidisciplinary assessment protocol was performed during the first trail of Clécy (Normandy France) in November 2021. This allowed an initial assay to be carried out, then at the end of each of the 6 loops of 26 km, and finally after 24 h of recovery. The race extends over 156 km in hilly terrain and 6000 m of elevation gain (D+). The level of impairment according to the RIFLE classification was defined for each runner at each assay. Fifty-five runners were at the start, and the per protocol analysis involved 36 runners (27 men and 9 women, 26 finishers). Fifteen (41.7%) of the riders presented at least one result corresponding to a "RIFLE risk" level. After 24 h of rest, only one runner still had a "RIFLE Risk". The distance around the marathon seems to be the moment of greatest risk. For the first time, we find an association between this renal risk and the probability of abandonment. Many runners are vulnerable to kidney damage during long-duration exercise, which is why it's important to limit risk situations, such as the use of potentially toxic drugs or hydration disorders. The consumption of NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) before or during an ultra-distance race should therefore be prohibited. Attention should be paid to hydration disorders.

The Gender- and Sexuality-Based Harms of Refugee Externalization: A Role for Human Rights Due Diligence

Abstract Refugee externalization arrangements are increasingly common in refugee-receiving global North States. Such arrangements have broad-ranging and significant human rights implications, especially (but not only) for refugee women and LGBTQI refugees who may be at increased risk of gender- or sexuality-based harm. This is particularly the case where refugees are placed in situations of risk or harm as a result of a ‘sending’ State’s extraterritorial regime, or where domestic laws in receiving States outlaw certain practices such as pregnancy termination or same-sex sexual activity. There has been limited scholarly analysis of the gendered impacts of externalization policies, and States rarely take into account the gendered implications of externalization when implementing these policies. This article examines the possibilities and limits of international human rights law to protect refugees at risk of gender- and sexuality-based harms through a focus on States’ positive due diligence obligations. While there is limited jurisprudence on the scope of such obligations in the context of refugee externalization, the article emphasizes that due diligence human rights obligations require sending States to adopt effective measures to protect people from unlawful discrimination and from cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment. Due diligence obligations also offer a vital accountability mechanism for violations in extraterritorial settings through their potential preventative, remedial, and visibility functions. Using the case study of Australia’s extraterritorial asylum regime in the Pacific, the article argues that such obligations encompass identifying and addressing foreseeable risks of gender- and sexuality-based harm, both prior to forcibly transferring refugees abroad and on an ongoing basis. Further, it argues that the gender- and sexuality-based human rights impacts of Australia’s externalization regime have immediate and urgent relevance as other States consider or implement similar policies.

Predicting types of human-related maritime accidents with explanations using selective ensemble learning and SHAP method

Maritime accidents frequently lead to severe property damage and casualties, and an accurate and reliable risk prediction model is necessary to help maritime stakeholders assess the current risk situation. Therefore, the present study proposes a hybrid methodology to develop an explainable prediction model for maritime accident types. Based on the advantages of selective ensemble learning method, this study pioneers to introduce a two-stage model selection method, aiming to enhance the predictive accuracy and stability of the model. Then, SHAP (Shapley Additive Explanations) method is integrated to identify effective mapping associations of seafarers’ unsafe acts and their risk factors with the prediction results. The results demonstrate that the model developed achieves good prediction performance with an accuracy of 87.50 % and an F1-score of 84.98 %, which benefits stakeholders in assessing the type of maritime accident in advance, so as to make proactive intervention measures.

The influence of driver’s risk perception ability on driving decision-making: an ERP study

Driver’s risk perception ability is of great significance to traffic safety. Driver’s risk perception ability is reflected in the risk handling in traffic situation and has a great impact on driving decisions, especially speed decisions. However, the mechanism of the influence of risk perception on driving decisions under risk situations is still unclear. According to standardized risk perception test, we divided drivers into high risk perception ability (H-RPA) group and low risk perception ability (L-RPA) group. Participants were shown traffic pictures with different levels of risk and asked to make decisions about whether to slow down, while their electrical brain responses were recorded. All participants were interviewed after the experiment. The results showed that in the low-risk traffic situation, compared to the drivers with H-RPA, the drivers with L-RPA made less deceleration decisions and evoked larger N1 and smaller P1 amplitude. 93.75% of the drivers with L-RPA stated in interviews that they did not notice the traffic risks on the road. The results show that risk perception affects the allocation of attention to risks in traffic situations, leading to a decrease in the safety of driving decisions. Our research results provide a reference for the training of safe driving skills for drivers.

The Astroworld tragedy as an argument for proactive crisis management

PurposeThe Astroworld concert tragedy is used as an example of crisis (mis)management and the potential utility of the 4R model. Although the 4R model has been implemented in high-risk emergency management situations, it is useful in the PR field because of its actionable approach, creating a way for practitioners to prepare for and manage crisis situations.Design/methodology/approachThis is an analysis of the crisis that occurred at Astroworld, spanning preparation, day-of events, casualties and enduring reputational impact. The paper applies the 4R method to the Astroworld tragedy to show how it could have lessened or even prevented the tragedy. Finally, the SCCT model is used to explain why the official post-crisis statements were ineffective.FindingsSocial media has heightened the importance of a quick and effective organizational response to risk and crisis situations because poor responses can go viral quickly. However, social media also provides intelligence and crowd sourced information that can inform PR practitioners of emerging crisis scenarios. It is also an underutilized tool for two-way communication during crises.Practical implicationsThe 4R approach is beneficial to general practitioners as it simplifies crisis best-practices, something essential for quick action. As our world changes and becomes less predictable, practitioners must have a clear plan to protect their organizations and the public surrounding them. This approach includes reduction, readiness, response and recovery, which are all essential in crisis communication.Originality/valueThe 4R method has not been explored or applied in the PR field. This paper highlights how the model has been utilized in the emergency management field and illustrates the way 4R can serve the PR field.

Forming professional reliability of railway power supply specialists

The high level of technological, technical, logistics, organizational and economic changes occurring in the railway industry determines the trajectory of development of professional training of specialists. The priority of safety issues in the context of the complex influence of occupational risks actualizes the scientific understanding of the problem associated with the substantiation of effective characteristics that allow one to withstand the cumulative influence of occupational risks, effectively develop in the professional community, maintaining a stable equilibrium state of the “man – technology – production environment” system. Analysis of research and methodological literature, experience of professional applied physical training at railway universities of the Russian Federation made it possible to identify areas of research aimed at bringing the indicators of psychophysical fitness of specialists into line with the conditions for the implementation of their professional activities. In the structure of professional competence of railway transport specialists, researchers highlight readiness for professional activity. At the same time, in today’s rapidly changing conditions of the professional world, it is necessary to form not only the current (basic) professionally significant qualities of a future specialist, but also to create conditions for the development of potential professional abilities, which will allow effectively confronting risk situations and ensuring the formation of self-regulation mechanisms. The quality that ensures the mobilization and activation of available funds, reserves, sources to achieve set goals, solve problems, and unlock opportunities in a certain area is reliability. In the article it is shown that convergence of play with learning determines the developmental effect of the game method. The complex nature of the gaming method allows to form indicators in the structure of professional reliability of railway power supply specialists.

Research on Regional Early Warning of Flash Flood Disasters in Small Watershed Based on Multi-source Early Warning Data Fusion

The research on the early warning method of flash floods serves as an important groundwork for the prediction and early warning of flash flood disasters. Being restricted by various objective factors such as lack of data and complicated formation mechanism of flash flood disasters in small watersheds, accurate and targeted early warning has consistently been a weak link within the flash flood control system. In this regard, focusing on a series of problems, such as "short risk forecasting period", "frequent missing and false reports" and "poor early warning accuracy", this research explores a hierarchical partition management system that fulfills the demands of early warning based on the analysis of watershed lag time and risk situation. Meanwhile, based on the comprehensive consideration of the characteristics of various multi-source early warning data, such as meteorological forecast rainfall and monitoring rainfall water level, this research proposes corresponding early warning modes for different types of early warning objects. On these grounds, this research applies the proposed early warning system to Xiaguan Creek in Shangyu District, Zhejiang Province. Relevant findings indicate that the effective extension of the forecasting period, coupled with the reduction of the phenomenon of "missing and false reports", provides scientific support for the early warning and transfer decision related to flash floods.

Methodology for Selecting Optimal Routes for the Transportation of Dangerous Goods in Conditions of Risk Uncertainty

Abstract * A risk situation is a type of uncertainty situation where events are likely to occur. In other words, risk is an estimated probability, and uncertainty is something that cannot be quantified. The greater the uncertainty when making a decision, the greater the degree of risk. The investigation is devoted to the development of a unified methodology for selecting optimal (from the proposed alternatives) routes for transporting dangerous goods (any of the 9 standard classes) by road. A model for determining two groups of risk components for transporting dangerous goods on separate routes is proposed, namely: parameters of risks of probability of occurrence of emergency situations and parameters that affect the risks of complexity of eliminating their possible consequences. This opened up opportunities for correct selection of criteria when forming a multi-criteria optimization problem of transportation. Mathematical algorithms for a comprehensive solution of the multi-criteria optimization problem of routing dangerous goods transportation are developed using the classical criteria of Laplace, Wald, Savage, and Hurwitz. To confirm the legal capacity of the proposed approach and mathematical apparatus, the optimal route for transportation of cylinders with technical gases through the transport network of Lutsk was calculated. Possible alternative transportation routes have been identified and safety criteria have been formalized for two groups of risk components

Prevalence and risk evaluation of cardiovascular disease in the newly diagnosed prostate cancer population in China: A nationwide, multi-center, population-based cross-sectional study.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has emerged as the leading cause of death from prostate cancer (PCa) in recent decades, bringing a great disease burden worldwide. Men with preexisting CVD have an increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular events when treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The present study aimed to explore the prevalence and risk evaluation of CVD among people with newly diagnosed PCa in China. Clinical data of newly diagnosed PCa patients were retrospectively collected from 34 centers in China from 2010 to 2022 through convenience sampling. CVD was defined as myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, heart failure, stroke, ischemic heart disease, and others. CVD risk was estimated by calculating Framingham risk scores (FRS). Patients were accordingly divided into low-, medium-, and high-risk groups. χ2 or Fisher's exact test was used for comparison of categorical variables. A total of 4253 patients were enrolled in the present study. A total of 27.0% (1147/4253) of patients had comorbid PCa and CVD, and 7.2% (307/4253) had two or more CVDs. The enrolled population was distributed in six regions of China, and approximately 71.0% (3019/4253) of patients lived in urban areas. With imaging and pathological evaluation, most PCa patients were diagnosed at an advanced stage, with 20.5% (871/4253) locally progressing and 20.5% (871/4253) showing metastasis. Most of them initiated prostatectomy (46.6%, 1983/4253) or regimens involving ADT therapy (45.7%, 1944/4253) for prostate cancer. In the present PCa cohort, 43.1% (1832/4253) of patients had hypertension, and half of them had poorly controlled blood pressure. With FRS stratification, as expected, a higher risk of CVD was related to aging and metabolic disturbance. However, we also found that patients with treatment involving ADT presented an originally higher risk of CVD than those without ADT. This was in accordance with clinical practice, i.e., aged patients or patients at advanced oncological stages were inclined to accept systematic integrative therapy instead of surgery. Among patients who underwent medical castration, only 4.0% (45/1118) received gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists, in stark contrast to the grim situation of CVD prevalence and risk. PCa patients in China are diagnosed at an advanced stage. A heavy CVD burden was present at the initiation of treatment. Patients who accepted ADT-related therapy showed an original higher risk of CVD, but the awareness of cardiovascular protection was far from sufficient.