Risk Of Premature Birth Research Articles

Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Sikap Terhadap Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah pada Mahasiswa Ekstensi FKM UI

Globally, the prevalence of anemia in women of reproductive age (14-49 years) continues to increase. The impact of anemia on WUS will carry over into pregnancy, pregnant women with anemia will have an impact on the health of the mother and fetus such as the risk of premature birth, low birth weight babies, the mother becomes susceptible to infection, stunted growth and development of the fetus in the womb, hyperemesis gravidarum, antepartum bleeding, and premature rupture of membranes. Pregnant women with anemia have a 3.6 times greater risk of dying during childbirth, and 50-70% of maternal and infant deaths are anemia during pregnancy. Based on this, this study was conducted to see the knowledge and adherence to consumption of iron tablets. This study used a survey method with a cross-sectional research design Respondents with a high level of knowledge were 22 (57.9%) respondents, respondents with a negative attitude were 21 (55.3%) respondents, and respondents who were disobedient were 28 (73.7%) respondents. There is no relationship between knowledge and compliance (p= 0.267 OR= 0.4) There is no relationship between attitude and compliance (p= 0.293 OR=2.3 Based on the results of the study, it was shown that the level of knowledge of respondents was mostly in the good category, the attitude of respondents was dominated by negative attitudes and the level of compliance was dominated by respondents who were not obedient in consuming iron tablets. And it can be concluded that there is no relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards adherence to consumption of iron tablets.

Adverse effects of maternal age, weight and smoking during pregnancy in Pleven, Bulgaria

Aim: This paper aims to study the relationship between mothers’ age, body mass index (BMI), gestational weight gain (GWG) and smoking and the risk for premature birth in Pleven, Bulgaria. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Pleven in 2007. The study was comprehensive for all premature children (N=58) and representative for full-term infants (N=192, or 10.4% of all of the 1827 full-term children) born in 2007 at the University Hospital of Pleven and resident in the city of Pleven. Retrospective data on determinants under study were collected from all the mothers included in this study (N=250). Results: Mothers of premature children were more likely to be above 35 years old (27.6%), with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (23.1%), GWG below the recommended value (38.5%) and to smoke during pregnancy (37.9%). The odds of being a smoker during pregnancy were five times higher among mothers with low birth weight (LBW) newborns compared with their counterparts with normal birth weight newborns (OR=5.1, 95%CI=2.4-10.6). There was a positive association between BMI and LBW in infants whose mothers were overweight (OR=2.1, 95%CI=1.0-4.0). The risk of LBW increased when GWG was less than recommended (OR=1.8, 95%CI=1.0-3.1). Conclusion: Our results indicate that pre-pregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m2, less than recommended GWG and smoking during pregnancy are risk factors for premature birth in Pleven region. Findings from this study suggest the need for active health and educational actions by health professionals in order to avoid premature births in Bulgaria.

Vitamin D Supplementation for the Outcomes of Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Neonates: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

Prevention and timely treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are important to the prognosis of pregnant women and neonates. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects and safety of vitamin D supplementation on GDM patients and neonates, to provide insights into clinical GDM treatment. Two authors searched the Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, and Wanfang databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects and safety of vitamin D supplementation in GDM patients. The quality of the included RCTs was evaluated according to Cochrane handbook. RevMan 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis. A total of 20 RCTs involving 1682 GDM patients were finally included, of whom 837 received vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D supplementation in GDM patients increased the serum 25(OH)D level (SMD = 4.07, 95% CI: (2.73, 5.41)) and HDL level (SMD = 0.41, 95% CI: (0.23, 0.58)) and reduced serum LDL (SMD = -0.49, 95% CI: (-0.68, -0.29)), TG (SMD = -0.59, 95% CI: (-1.01, -0.17)), and TC (SMD = -0.67, 95% CI: (-1.19, -0.14)) levels in GDM patients (all P < 0.05). Besides, vitamin D supplementation reduced the risk of premature birth (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: (0.22, 0.62)), hyperbilirubinemia (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: (0.25, 0.58)), and neonatal hospitalization (OR = 0.38, 95% CI: (0.25, 0.58)) of neonates (all P < 0.05). No significant publication bias in synthesized results was found (all P > 0.05). Vitamin D supplementation improves the blood lipid level in GDM patients and reduces adverse neonatal outcomes. The dose and duration of vitamin D supplementation for safety need to be further investigated in future high-quality studies.

Dynamic states of cervical epithelia during pregnancy and epithelial barrier disruption

The cervical epithelium undergoes changes in proliferation, differentiation, and function that are critical to ensure fertility and maintain pregnancy. Here, we identify cervical epithelial subtypes in non-pregnant, pregnant, and in labor mice using single-cell transcriptome and spatial analysis. We identify heterogeneous subpopulations of epithelia displaying spatial and temporal specificity. Notably in pregnancy, two goblet cell subtypes are present in the most luminal layers with one goblet population expanding earlier in pregnancy than the other goblet population. The goblet populations express novel protective factors and distinct mucosal networks. Single-cell analysis in a model of cervical epithelial barrier disruption indicates untimely basal cell proliferation precedes the expansion of goblet cells with diminished mucosal integrity. These data demonstrate how the cervical epithelium undergoes continuous remodeling to maintain dynamic states of homeostasis in pregnancy and labor, and provide a framework to understand perturbations in epithelial health that increase the risk of premature birth.

CLINICAL AND ANAMNESTIC FEATURES OF THE NEWBORNS WITH PERINATAL HIV EXPOSURE

Introduction. Maternal HIV infection has many adverse effects, including low birth weight, which is the primary cause of neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality. In the literature, the issue of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in children who were born to HIV-positive mothers is being discussed, and the causes that may be the result of the direct effect of the virus, immunosuppression, or concomitant diseases are being studied. The association between maternal HIV infection and low birth weight (LBW) was not adequately explored and the available studies suggested inconsistent findings. Objective: to analyze the clinical and anamnestic data of the newborns with perinatal HIV exposure and to assess their physical development according to the gestational age and HIV stage of the mother. Material and methods. In order to achieve this goal, 34 medical histories of the patients who had been treated in the neonatal center of Vinnytsya Regional Children's Clinical Hospital from 2015 to 2022 with a diagnosis of perinatal HIV exposure were retrospectively analyzed. Results. According to the results of the study, a third of the children were born prematurely (12 (35 ± 8) %, 95%CI: 27–43 %). Сhildren born to mothers with stage IV of HIV infection had the lowest mean gestational age. When assessing the physical development of newborns according to gestational age, it was established that 9 children ((26 ± 8) %, 95%CI: 18–34 %) were small for gestational age, and 3 children ((9 ± 5) %, 95%CI: 4–14 %) were small-for-date. The lowest body weight values were observed in children born to mothers with stage IV of HIV infection – (1561.42 ± 0.21) g, which significantly differs from the weight of newborns whose mothers had HIV infection of stage I (2550.10 ± 1.51) g and stage II (2646.36 ± 1.69) g, p &lt; 0.05. Conclusions. Among children with perinatal HIV exposure, there is a risk of premature birth with IUGR. Children born to mothers with stage IV HIV infection had significantly lower gestational age and body weight values.

Perinatal risk of premature birth: New obstetric opportunities

Premature birth (PВ) is a complex medical and social problem associated with solving problems to improve the quality of subsequent life of children born prematurely and associated material and economic costs. The severity of complications associated with prematurity is proportional to the gestational age of premature birth. Currently, obstetricians face two main tasks: detection of threatening premature birth in order to avoid improper interventions and preparation of the fetus for premature birth with the help of adequate and at the same time safe medications. Most maternal complications develop during pregnancy, and many of them can be prevented or cured. These guidelines describe the impact of premature birth on obstetric complications, diagnostic methods and types of correction of various disorders, as well as the results of the study.

Effect of Package of Interventions on the Use and Quality of Postpartum Family Planning Services at Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College (Y12HMC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Postpartum Family Planning (PPFP), which aims to prevent high risk unintended and closely spaced pregnancies during the first year following childbirth, is one of the highest impact interventions to avoid increased risk of premature birth, low birth weight, fetal and neonatal death, and adverse maternal health outcomes. This study aimed to assess the combined effect of a package of interventions on the use and quality of PPFP services at Y12HMC, Addis Ababa Ethiopia. Cross-sectional study design was conducted to evaluate the effect of the package of chosen interventions: creating a private counseling space near the postpartum ward and providing training for health care providers on the WHO decision tool kit and Long Acting Contraceptive Methods (LACM). Interviews were conducted with 470 women (235 before and 235 after the intervention). Frequency tables and graphs were used to describe the study variables and statistical significance between pre and post intervention indicators was declared at P value <.05. From 470 participants, 421 respondents participated which makes response rate of 90%. The majority of the participants were in the age category 20 to 29 years, married/lived together, completed at least primary education and had more than one child both at baseline and post intervention. The proportion of women who chose PPFP increased from 55.8% at baseline to 69% after the intervention. The most preferred contraceptive method was implant. The overall service satisfaction level of the study participants was 95.4% post intervention, significantly higher than at baseline (78%, P < .05). Providers indicated that clients are satisfied with the service and that the institutional structure is appropriate for delivering integrated services following the intervention. This study demonstrated that quality improvement interventions like creating a private counseling space and providing training using WHO decision tool kit can achieve significant improvement on satisfaction of clients and PPFP uptake.

ДЕРЖАВНА ПОЛІТИКА ВАКЦИНАЦІЇ ВАГІТНИХ В УКРАЇНІ: ВИКЛИКИ ТА МОЖЛИВОСТІ

B a c k g r o u n d . Protection of motherhood and childhood in Ukraine is considered as a strategic national priority, which is important for ensuring the national security of Ukraine, the effectiveness of the internal policy of the state. Since pregnant women are at risk, more likely to suffer from serious ailments and have a higher risk of premature birth if they develop COVID-19, influenza or other infectious diseases, improving the state's immunoprevention strategy is urgently needed in today's environment. M e t h o d s . The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the situation regarding the vaccination of pregnant women in Ukraine with the identification of problem areas, with further substantiation of recommendations for the development of the public strategy for immunoprophylaxis of pregnant women in Ukraine. To achieve this goal the main tasks were the following: to find out the attitude of pregnant women and women in labor to vaccination, in particular, regarding the infection of COVID-19; develop international documents and national policies on the prevention of infectious diseases in pregnant women; to analyze problematic issues in the context of the formation and implementation of the current strategy of vaccination of pregnant women in Ukraine. R e s u l t s . The results of the study showed: more than half of the respondents had symptoms or were sick with COVID-19 before giving birth; only 17 percent of respondents expressed the desire to prevent a severe course of the disease through vaccination; despite the massive spread of fake information about vaccination and against the background of an active anti-vaccination movement, pregnant women still trust information from the Internet, friends or the media more than medical workers to make decisions about their health; among those who have not been vaccinated in the respondent group, almost 60 percent of women still hesitate or do not want to be vaccinated. С o n c l u s i o n s . Given that pregnant women are at increased risk of serious complications from COVID-19 and other infectious diseases, increasing data and knowledge about vaccination in this target group is important to help reduce vaccination hesitancy. The data analyzed do not support an increased risk of adverse outcomes after vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy, therefore vaccination should be recommended because the benefits of vaccination during pregnancy appear to outweigh any potential risks. Monitoring and analysis of the course of infectious diseases in pregnant women in Ukraine is necessary to make sure that the recommendations and management decisions made are correct. Targeted interventions should be explored to maximize the uptake of the COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant women, particularly at risk. As an effective mechanism of the monitoring and analysis system for managed infections, we propose to consider the creation of an electronic register of vaccinations for pregnant women and an "immunization passport".

ВЛИЯНИЕ НОВОЙ КОРОНАВИРУСНОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ НА ТЕЧЕНИЕ БЕРЕМЕННОСТИ И РОДОВ, А ТАКЖЕ ИХ ИСХОДЫ ДЛЯ МАТЕРИ И НОВОРОЖДЕННОГО (СИСТЕМАТИЧЕСКИЙ ОБЗОР)

Significance. COVID-19 is a potentially fatal infection, however data on its progression in pregnant women is currently limited. The most important issues remain the features of the COVID-19 progression in pregnant women, the impact of COVID-19 on the course of pregnancy, approaches to the treatment of pregnant women and their delivery, as well as the impact of a new coronavirus infection on the fetus, the study of which is an urgent task. Purpose: to summarize data on the impact of a new coronavirus infection on pregnancy and delivery, as well as its outcomes for the mother and newborn according to scientific publications by Russian and foreign authors. Material and methods. Relevant publications on COVID-19 progression in pregnant women, the COVID-19 impact on pregnancy, delivery and its outcomes for the mother and newborn were analyzed. The systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines using PICO(S) criteria. Results. According to data from early research, pregnant women with COVID-19 had a more severe course of the disease, higher risk of gestational complications, higher demand for intensive care in intensive care unit - 1.5% versus 0.9% in non-pregnant women, as well as artificial lung ventilation (1.7 times), although mortality in the groups of pregnant and non-pregnant did not differ equaling to 0.2%. Among possible risks of complications after COVID-19 infection the domestic and foreign literature names spontaneous miscarriages in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, premature birth, birth of newborns of low weight for gestational age and prematurity, development of fetoplacental insufficiency, delayed fetal development due to lower utero-placental blood flow during COVID-19, exacerbation of chronic somatic conditions (diseases of the cardiovascular system, respiratory system, autoimmune processes, endocrine disorders), and postpartum bleeding. The COVID-19 effect on fetus is still the subject of numerous discussions and studies, there is evidence that women with COVID-19 have a higher risk of premature birth with all the consequences for the newborn. Conclusion. Physiological changes associated with pregnancy increase maternal susceptibility to infections in general, so the course of the disease may have its own characteristics during pregnancy. The new coronavirus infection is more severe in pregnant women with chronic diseases, obesity, arterial hypertension, and in older age groups. According to the data obtained, adverse outcomes include early and late spontaneous miscarriages, hemostasiological disorders in pregnant women and parturient women, fetoplacental insufficiency with fetal growth retardation, preterm delivery of newborns who are small for gestational age, and their prematurity with all the consequences.

Association Between the Use of Induction Heating Cookers and Delivery Outcomes in Pregnant Women: An Internet-Based Cohort Study.

The number of devices that generate intermediate-frequency electromagnetic fields (IF-EMFs) in the living environment has been increasing. As the public has vague concerns about new devices, it is necessary to clarify the safety of IF-EMFs. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the possible health effects of IF-EMFs by clarifying the relationship between the use of induction heating (IH) cookers and delivery outcomes. The study participants were pregnant women over the age of 20 years who were registered in panels with an Internet research firm. A total of 8920 pregnant women participated in the baseline survey. Of those who responded to the follow-up survey, 5022 who had a singleton birth were included in the analysis. We then examined the relationship between the use of IH cookers and gestational week at delivery (<37th/⩾37th week) or birth weight (<2500/⩾2500 g) using logistic regression models. No association was found between the use of IH cookers and birth weight, but weak associations were found between the use of stationary- and tabletop-type IH cookers and gestational week at delivery. After all considerations, we determined that the observed increased odds ratio did not indicate an increased risk of premature birth.

Investigation of the effect of Cadmium chloride applied during pregnancy on the morphological parameters of mouse offspring and the protective role of melatonin

Heavy metals are the main risk factor for impaired fetal development. Cadmium accumulated in tissues can restrict growth and development. Melatonin is an antioxidant has a therapeutic effect. The aim of this study is to determine the effects exposure to Cadmium Chloride during pregnancy in mice on the birth weight of pups, number of pups, and morphological parameters of pups and investigate the protective role of melatonin against these effects. Seven groups (n:6) were created with Swiss Albino mice. Cadmium chloride and melatonin were administered to groups i.p. and orally. The pups were weighed on the day they were born. Tail length, length between the two temporal regions, femur length, and crown rump length were measured. Different variables were compared among the groups by analysis of variance followed by Duncan's test, and the differences were considered statistically significant when p < 0.05. The lowest body weight was found in the group that was given Cadmium Chloride orally (p < 0.05). The number of pups increased in the groups given Melatonin orally and i.p. The mean tail, inter temporal, and femoral length values decreased in the groups where Cadmium Chloride was given by the i.p. route, but they increased in the groups where it was given orally. The highest mean crown rump length was in the group given Melatonin orally, this value decreased in the group given Cadmium Chloride by the i.p. route. Cadmium Chloride increased the risk of premature birth, led to a decrease in mean body weight and caused a change in the parameters of growth and development. Orally administered Melatonin had a positive effect on reproduction, prevented Cadmium Chloride-induced weight loss and caused a significant increase in crown rump length. We are of the opinion that additional long-term studies on the subject are needed.

Association of maternal age during pregnancy with stunting in children age 2-3 years

Background: Nutritional problems are still a complex problem in Indonesia. Nutrition plays an important role in the human life cycle from the womb to old age. One factor contributing to stunting is the young mother's age at birth (&lt;20 years) because it will increase the risk of premature birth and intra uterine growth inhibition, infant mortality, stunting and lack of mental readiness. Purpose: Analyzed the relationship between maternal age during pregnancy and the incidence of stunting in children aged 2-3 years at the Pakem Health Center, Sleman Regency. Method: This type of research is cross sectional study. The subject of this research is mothers who have children aged 2-3 years in 2021 at Pakem Health Center, Sleman Regency, as many as 317 that meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data obtained is secondary data. Data analysis was carried out by statistical tests using Chi Square test with confidence level = 0.05. Results: There is a significant relationship between maternal age during pregnancy with the incidence of stunting at the Pakem Health Center, Sleman Regency in 2021 with p-value 0.000 (ρ &lt; 0.05), which means that the age of the mother during pregnancy &lt; 20 years and &gt; 35 years is a risk factor that can affect the occurrence of stunting, and respondents who have an age of &lt;20 years have a risk of 3.562 times more more experienced stunting compared to respondents aged 20-35 years. Conclusion: Maternal age during pregnancy have an effect on the incidence of stunting in children aged 2-3 years at Pakem Health Center, Sleman Regency in 2021.

Immune-based biomarker accurately predicts response to imiquimod immunotherapy in cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions

BackgroundThe complete response rate of cervical high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (cHSIL) patients to imiquimod immunotherapy is approximately 60%. Consequently, many patients are exposed to unnecessary adverse effects of imiquimod. On...

Overview of Services and Characteristics of Pregnant Mothers in the Era of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Bpm Pera Clinic in 2022

Based on the centeres for Disease Control and Prevention report, pregnant women who are positive for Covid-19 are at higher risk for premature birth (delivery od babies earlier than 37 weeks) and stillbirths. In addition, pregnant women who are positive for Covid-19 are also at a higher risk of developing other pregnancy complications. The problem of psychlogical disorders often occurs during the pregnancy proces, both in the first, second and third trimesters, Covid-19 causes various clinical manifestations, especially in pregnant women, because pregnant women are a high risk group for contracting the Covid-19 virus. The sampling technique is a accidental sampling. The sample in this study are 31 pregnant women. The results show that the characteristics based on the service of the respondents almost all experienced a fairly good change in service (90.3%), the characteristics based on the respondent’s education most of them have high school education (70.9%), the characteristics based on the respondent’s exposure are mostly working (64.5%), the characteristics are based on age most respondent’s are aged 20-29 years (45.1%), the characteristics based on parity of respondent’s are mostly multiparous parity (45.2%).&#x0D; Conclusion the level of education, type of work, gestasional age, and parity of pregnant women have a very important distribution in influencing services and characteristics of pregnant women in the future pandemic Covid-19.

Association between cervical disorders and adverse obstetric outcomes: A retrospective cohort study.

The purpose of this study was to explore the association of cervical disorders on obstetric outcomes of singleton pregnancies in China. This hospital-based retrospective cohort study of women with live singleton births included 71,097 Chinese women. We compared the risk of adverse obstetric outcomes in different types of pregnancies with cervical disorders with those with normal cervix. Logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between cervical disorders and adverse obstetric outcomes. Women with cervical disorders had a higher risk of premature delivery (10.98 vs. 4.41%), preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) (3.48 vs. 1.62%), low birth weight (LBW) (7.62 vs. 2.92%) and very low birth weight (VLBW) (2.01 vs. 0.28%) than women with normal cervix. After adjusting for confounding factors, compared with women with normal cervix, women with high-grade abnormal cervical cytology are at greater risk of premature birth (adjusted OR 1.971, 95% CI: 1.302-2.983), premature rupture of membranes (PROM) (adjusted OR 1.379, 95% CI: 1.047-1.815), LBW (adjusted OR 1.790, 95% CI: 1.059-3.025), and VLBW (adjusted OR 4.519, 95% CI: 1.662-12.292) than women with low-grade abnormal cervical cytology, and women with abnormal cervical cytology after treatment had a higher risk of premature birth (adjusted OR 2.060, 95% CI: 1.348-3.147), PROM (adjusted OR 1.381, 95% CI: 1.038-1.839), PPROM (adjusted OR 1.995, 95% CI: 1.022-3.892), LBW (adjusted OR 1.801, 95% CI: 1.046-3.102), and VLBW (adjusted OR 4.868, 95% CI: 1.788-13.255) than untreated women. Our research showed that pregnant women with cervical disorders were more likely to have premature delivery, PPROM, LBW, and VLBW. Moreover, pregnant women with high-grade abnormal cervical cytology and abnormal cervical cytology after treatment had a higher risk of premature birth, PROM, LBW, and VLBW.

The relationship between maternal periodontal and dental health status and preterm birth: A case-control study

Introduction: The idea that oral infections spread to other systems has long been of interest to clinicians. On the other hand, there are researches suggesting the possibility of periodontitis and dental caries being a risk factor for low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB). The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between periodontal and dental health status with PTB. Methods: In this case-control study, 82 pregnant women were evaluated. The case group included mothers with preterm infants (gestational age of less than 37 weeks), while the control group involved mothers who had term labors (gestational age of 37-42 weeks). Oral examinations were carried out up to 48 hours after delivery. Periodontal and dental health indicators, including decayed, missed, filled teeth (DMFT), periodontal pocket depth, clinical attachment loss (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival index (GI) were recorded. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17 software through Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U and Fisher exact tests. Results: DMFT was 7.34±4.45 and 5.68±4.29 for mothers with preterm infants and mothers in control group, respectively (P=0.023). CAL (P=0.001) and BOP (P=0.012) were significantly higher in mothers with preterm infants, but there was no significant difference in Pocket depth (P=0.57) and GI (P=0.51) between the studied groups. Conclusion: There is a relationship between some maternal periodontal and dental health indicators and PTBs signifying that elimination of any oral sources of inflammation may reduce the risk of premature birth.

Study of the state of the vaginal microbiota in women with risk and threat of preterm birth

The objective: to compare the state of the vaginal microbiota in women with risk of preterm birth and threat of preterm birth.Materials and methods. The study involved 150 pregnant women. The inclusion criteria for the study were the presence of risk factors for preterm birth – I group (80 women) or the threat of preterm birth – II group (70 women). The control group consisted of 20 conditionally healthy pregnant women. Ultrasound (transvaginal) examination and assessment of the state of the vaginal microbiota were carried out at 17-21+6 weeks of gestation in pregnant women in the I group and during hospitalization with a confirmed threat of pregnancy interruption at 22-35+6 weeks in pregnant women in the II group. The exclusion criterion was premature rupture of membranes confirmed by the Actium Prom test. Observation of pregnant women of the studied cohort continued until the end of pregnancy.To assess the state of the vaginal microbiota, the determination of the pH of the vaginal content, molecular biological, and bacterioscopic methods were used.Results. Bacterial vaginosis and mixed vaginitis were diagnosed in patients with a threat of premature birth significantly more often than in healthy pregnant women and pregnant women in the I group, and, accordingly, there was a much smaller rate of pregnant women with the 1st degree of vaginal cleanliness among the patients with a threat of premature birth .The frequency of detection of anaerobic dysbiosis was the highest among pregnant women in the II group with the threat of premature birth (34.3 %) compared to the pregnant women in the I group (21.3 %). Aerobic dysbiosis (aerobic vaginitis) was diagnosed only in pregnant women with a threat of premature birth (11.4 %). In the presence of dysbiotic and inflammatory changes in the microbiota of the vagina, there is a high risk of premature birth – OR=2.962 (95% CI: 1.32–6.645), while for pregnant women in the risk group of premature birth it is OR=8.120 (95% CI: 2.149 –30.686), and for pregnant women with an existing threat of premature birth – OR=10.133 (95% CI: 3.149–32.604). Candida non.albicans was mainly found in the patients with recurrent episodes of vulvovaginal candidiasis before pregnancy.Conclusions. Anaerobic and mixed dysbiosis of the vaginal microbiota is one of the risk factors for spontaneous and threatening premature births, which requires the development of diagnostic and therapeutic measures to prevent premature termination of pregnancy.

Deep Learning-Based Computer-Aided Classification of Amniotic Fluid Using Ultrasound Images from Saudi Arabia

Amniotic Fluid (AF) refers to a protective liquid surrounding the fetus inside the amniotic sac, serving multiple purposes, and hence is a key indicator of fetal health. Determining the AF levels at an early stage helps to ascertain the maturation of lungs and gastrointestinal development, etc. Low AF entails the risk of premature birth, perinatal mortality, and thereby admission to intensive care unit (ICU). Moreover, AF level is also a critical factor in determining early deliveries. Hence, AF detection is a vital measurement required during early ultrasound (US), and its automation is essential. The detection of AF is usually a time-consuming process as it is patient specific. Furthermore, its measurement and accuracy are prone to errors as it heavily depends on the sonographer’s experience. However, automating this process by developing robust, precise, and effective methods for detection will be beneficial to the healthcare community. Therefore, in this paper, we utilized transfer learning models in order to classify the AF levels as normal or abnormal using the US images. The dataset used consisted of 166 US images of pregnant women, and initially the dataset was preprocessed before training the model. Five transfer learning models, namely, Xception, Densenet, InceptionResNet, MobileNet, and ResNet, were applied. The results showed that MobileNet achieved an overall accuracy of 0.94. Overall, the proposed study produces an effective result in successfully classifying the AF levels, thereby building automated, effective models reliant on transfer learning in order to aid sonographers in evaluating fetal health.

The relationship between husband and cadre support with the compliance of pregnant women in taking blood-added tablets at Bangetayu Health Center Semarang City

Anemia is a condition where the hemoglobin (Hb) level in red blood cells is lower than the standard. Pregnant women are said to be anemic if the Hb content is 11gr/dl. The prevalence rate of anemia in pregnant women in Indonesia is 48.9%, in Central Java in 2018 it was 57.1%, while in Semarang City in 2021 it reached 15.4%, in Bangetayu Health Center it was 19.93%. Anemia in pregnant women can increase the risk of premature birth, maternal and child mortality, and infectious diseases. Government efforts require pregnant women to take a minimum of 90 tablets during pregnancy. One of the factors causing high anemia in pregnant women is the low compliance of pregnant women in taking blood supplement tablets. Support from husbands and cadres is needed to increase compliance when taking blood tablets. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between husband and cadre support with the compliance of pregnant women in taking blood supplement tablets at Bangetayu Health Center, Semarang City.This study used quantitative research methods with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all pregnant women in the third trimester in May in the Bangetayu Health Center working area of Semarang City, totaling 39 respondents. Sampling with simple random sampling technique. Data analysis using ch square test.The results showed that there was a relationship between husband support (p value 0.00) and cadres (p value 0.00) with the compliance of pregnant women in taking blood supplement tablets at Bangetayu Health Center, Semarang City. The existence of this study is expected that health workers can involve husbands and cadres to supervise pregnant women in taking blood tablets.

The effect of COVID-19 disease diagnosed in the first trimester of pregnancy on obstetric outcomes

Aim: The purpose of this article is to analyze the maternal, fetal, and obstetric outcomes of pregnancies diagnosed with coronavirus 2019 disease in the first trimester.&#x0D; Methods: A prospective analysis of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during the first trimester of pregnancy and hospitalized was performed. Obstetric complications, delivery, and neonatal outcomes were reported in the following weeks of pregnancy.&#x0D; Results: We included seventy-five patients in the study. The mean age of pregnant women, Covid-19 positive, was 28.2 years, and the mean gestational week was 9.9 weeks. The mean delivery week was 31.65±9.47. Twenty-seven of the patients had preterm delivery. There was no neonatal Sars Cov-2 positivity among all the cases in any babies. Fifteen of twenty-nine patients with severe Covid-19 resulted in preterm delivery.&#x0D; Conclusion: Pregnant women with severe Covid-19 in their first trimester are at higher risk of premature birth, intrauterine fetal death, and perinatal complications