Risk Of Hoarseness Research Articles

The effect of cricoid pressure on tracheal intubation in adult patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of cricoid pressure (CP) application on intubation outcomes. Electronic databases (i.e., MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane review) were searched from inception to 2 June 2020 for randomized-controlled trials that assessed the intubation outcomes in adult patients using laryngoscopic approaches with and without the application of CP (i.e., CP vs non-CP group). The primary outcome was the successful first-attempt intubation rate (SFAIR), and the secondary outcomes were intubation time, incidences of poor laryngoscopic views (i.e., Cormack and Lehane grade 3-4), airway complications, and pulmonary aspiration. A total of five trials (published from 2005 to 2018) were included, and all tracheal intubations were performed by anesthesiologists or nurse anesthetists with a video (n = 3) or Macintosh laryngoscope (n = 2) in the operating room. We found no significant difference in SFAIR (risk ratio [RR], 0.98; P = 0.37), incidence of poor laryngoscopic views (RR, 1.49; P = 0.21), and risk of sore throat (RR, 1.17; P = 0.73) between the two groups. Nevertheless, the intubation time on the first successful attempt was slightly longer (weighted mean difference = 4.40 sec, P = 0.002) and risk of hoarseness was higher (RR, 1.70; P = 0.03) in the CP group compared with in the non-CP group. The secondary outcome "pulmonary aspiration" was not analyzed because only one trial was available. The application of CP did not have a negative impact on the SFAIR or laryngoscopic view. Nevertheless, this maneuver may slightly prolong intubation time and increase the risk of postoperative hoarseness.

Adverse health effects in children associated with moisture and mold observations in houses

This work was conducted to study the health effects in children associated with observations of moisture or mold in their homes. A random sample of 310 houses in Finland was studied during the years 1993-1994. In all, 204 children 15 years old or younger were living in 110 houses. The houses were investigated for visual signs of moisture by a surveyor, and observations of mold were reported by the parents. Thus, two different definitions of exposure were used in the analysis. Health data was collected by a postal questionnaire. Exposure to moisture or mold significantly increased the risk of respiratory infections and respiratory symptoms as well as non-respiratory symptoms in both the preschool and schoolchildren. In preschool children, exposure to moisture significantly increased the risk of hoarseness and in the schoolchildren, the risks were significantly increased of cough without phlegm, nocturnal cough, sore throat and rhinitis. Preschool children exposed to mold had significantly increased risks of nocturnal cough and eczema, and they also had significantly more episodes of common cold than the non-exposed children. If schoolchildren had been exposed to mold, this significantly increased their risk of nausea and led to difficulties in concentration. They also had a significantly higher number of doctor visits than the non-exposed children.